scholarly journals Development of Polylactic Acid Thermoplastic Starch Formulations Using Maleinized Hemp Oil as Biobased Plasticizer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lerma-Canto ◽  
Jaume Gomez-Caturla ◽  
María Herrero-Herrero ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Vicent Fombuena
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Ene Reaction ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Hemp Oil

In this study, hemp seed oil was reacted with maleic anhydride in an ene reaction to obtain maleinized hemp seed oil (MHO). The use of MHO as a plasticizer and compatibilizer has been studied for polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends (80/20, respectively). By mechanical, thermal and morphological characterizations, the addition of MHO provides a dual effect, acting as plasticizer and compatibilizer between these two partially miscible biopolymers. The addition of MHO up to 7.5 phr (parts by weight of MHO per hundred parts of PLA and TPS) revealed a noticeable increase in the ductile properties, reaching an elongation at break 155% higher than the PLA/TPS blend. Furthermore, contrary to what has been observed with maleinized oils such as linseed oil, the thermal properties do not decrease significantly as a result of the plasticizing effect, due to the compatibilizing behavior of the MHO and the natural antioxidants present in the oil. Finally, a disintegration test was carried out in aerobic conditions at 58 °C, for 24 days, to demonstrate that the incorporation of the MHO, although causing a slight delay, does not impair the biodegradability of the blend, obtaining total degradation in 24 days.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Properties of Plasticized Polylactic Acid with Maleinized Hemp Seed Oil and a Novel Maleinized Brazil Nut Seed Oil

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2376
Author(s):  
Aina Perez-Nakai ◽  
Alejandro Lerma-Canto ◽  
Ivan Domingez-Candela ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Jose Miguel Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
First Time

In this study, for the first time, Brazil nut seed oil was chemically modified with maleic anhydride to obtain maleinized Brazil nut seed oil (MBNO). The same process was developed to obtain maleinized hemp seed oil (MHO). The use of MBNO and MHO was studied as bio-based plasticizers by incorporating them with different contents ranging from 0 to 10 phr in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. By means of mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical characterization techniques, the properties of the different formulations were studied to evaluate the plasticizing effect of the MBNO and MHO. With the addition of both plasticizers, a significant increase in ductile properties was observed, reaching an increase in elongation at break of 643% with 7.5 phr MBNO and 771% with 10 phr MHO compared to neat PLA. In addition, it has been observed that the mechanical resistant properties do not decrease, since the oils enhance the crystallization of PLA by increasing the free volume between its chains and counteracting the effect. Finally, a disintegration test was carried out under thermophilic conditions at 58 °C for 27 days, demonstrating that the incorporation of MHO and MBNO does not significantly affect the biodegradability of neat PLA.

Nanoarchitectonics Composites of Thermoplastic Starch and Montmorillonite Modified with Low Molecular Weight Polylactic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2955-2963
Author(s):  
Peixian Li ◽  
Huimin Guo ◽  
Kaixiong Yang ◽  
Xiaoyan Yu ◽  
Xiongwei Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Starch Films

Nano montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by low molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA), then, the PLA modified MMT and raw MMT were added into thermoplastic starch (TPS) to prepare biodegradable nanocomposite films, respectively. For both nanocomposite films with raw MMT and modified MMT, the Tmax of degradation was enhanced and the mechanical properties were improved. The composite films containing 4 wt.% MMT displayed tensile strength of 5.06 MPa, approximately 1.4 times of that for the pure TPS films. The tensile strength of composite films containing 4 wt.% modified MMT is 6.74 MPa approximately 2 times of those for pure starch films. On the other hand, the composite film containing 4 wt.% modified MMT displayed elongation at break as high as 34.25%, which is 1.3 times of that of the pure starch film, while the composite films containing raw MMT had reduced elongation at break. This study showed that the MMT modified with PLA could significantly enhance the mechanical properties of TPS, and provides a new method to prepare fully biodegradable starch-based nanocomposites.

Acidolysis Effect on Starch in Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Blend

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Noorizzah Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this research, the Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) is blended with Polylactic Acid (PLA). By treating TPS with CA, the interfacial adhesion of PLA/TPS blend was also being improved. The ratio between PLA/TPS was chosen at 60/40 and 40/60 and CA contents were varied from 0%, 3%, and 6%. After acidolysis of TPS by CA, the tensile strength (60/40) and (40/60) of the PLA/TPS blend were found to increase. However, the elongation at break of PLA/TPS (60/40) blend was lower compared to PLA/TPS (40/60) blend. Higher loadings of TPS in the blend tend to make the blend elongate due to the flexibility of TPS after CA modification. On the other hand, by modifying the TPS with CA, the surface tension at the PLS/TPS interface had been reduced. This can be seen through micrograph that obtained from scanning electron microscopy. Different CA content in PLA/TPS blend showed the dispersed or co-continuous structure, which were related with the mechanical properties.

Formation, Stability and Properties of Hemp Seed Oil Emulsions for Application in the Cosmetics Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Liujun Pei ◽  
Yuni Luo ◽  
Xiaomin Gu ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Oil Emulsions

Study on the Oxidation Products of Hemp Seed Oil and its Application in Cosmetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Huang ◽  
Liujun Pei ◽  
Xiaomin Gu ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Hemp Seed

Emission and performance behavior of hemp seed oil biodiesel/diesel blends in DI diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Asokan ◽  
S. Senthur Prabu ◽  
Anirudh Bollu ◽  
M. Abhinay Reddy ◽  
Aditya Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Behavior ◽  
Emission And Performance

Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)/Polylactic Acid (PLA) Blending Methodologies: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keydis Martinez Villadiego ◽  
Mary Judith Arias Tapia ◽  
J. Useche ◽  
Daniela Escobar Macías
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch

Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽  
Kasama Jarukumjorn
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

Optimization of the Ratio of ω-6 Linoleic and ω-3 α-Linolenic Fatty Acids of Hemp Seed Oil with Jackknife and Bootstrap Resampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibha Devi ◽  
Shabina Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Solvent Flow Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Runs

Abstract In the present work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil at various ranges of SFE parameters is performed. These parameters and respective ranges are temperature (40–80) °C, pressure (200–350) bar, solvent (CO2) flow rate (5–15) g/min, particle size (0.43–1.02) mm and amount of co-solvent (ethanol) (0–10) % of solvent flow rate. Central composite design (CCD) suggests 32 experimental runs to perform through SFE. The obtained oil is analysed through gas chromatography to identify its fatty acids concentrations. The ratio of ω-6 linoleic and ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acids (ω-6/ω-3) is optimized through CCD to obtain the desired amount of 3:1 as this ratio is highly preferred for various health benefits. Ratio of ω-6/ω-3 is obtained in the range from 2.11 to 3.06:1 for all experimental runs. The effect of SFE parameters on this ratio is investigated. Further, cross-validation is peformed on the experimental data obtained for the concentrations of both fatty acids by jackknife and bootstrap resampling to authenticate the obtained data. Small value of standard deviation (~1), less standard error of the mean (SEM) (<0.8) and less variance coefficient (<0.11) confirms the validity of the obtained data. All the estimators’ values such as standard deviation, variance coefficients and SEM are observed in 95 % of confidence intervals.

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