scholarly journals Parametric Analysis of Epoxy/Crumb Rubber Composite by Using Taguchi—GRA Hybrid Technique

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Kiran Shahapurkar ◽  
Venkatesh Chenrayan ◽  
Belay Brehane Tesfamarium ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
Nazia Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Gray Relational Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Impingement Angle ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Rubber Composite ◽  
Erosion Efficiency ◽  
Standard Probability

Effect of parameters affecting solid particle erosion of crumb rubber epoxy composite is investigated. Five important process parameters—impact velocity, impingement angle, standoff distance, erodent size, and crumb rubber content—are taken into consideration. Erosion rate and erosion efficiency are included as the chief objectives. The Taguchi coupled gray relational analysis type statistical model is implemented to study interaction, parameters' effect on responses, and optimized parameters. ANOVA and regression model affirmed impingement angle and crumb rubber content play a significant role to minimize the erosion. Validity of the proposed model is justified with the standard probability plot and R2 value. A confirmation experiment conducted with A2B2C3D3E3 condition registers noticeable enhancement in GRG to the tune of 0.0893.

EFFICIENT SHAPE-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL BASED ON GRAY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS AND ASSOCIATION RULES

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 711-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
YO-PING HUANG ◽  
TSUN-WEI CHANG ◽  
FRODE EIKA SANDNES
Keyword(s):  
Image Retrieval ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Gray Relational Analysis ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Log Files ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Retrieval Scheme ◽  
Efficient Retrieval

An improved shape based image retrieval strategy based on gray relational analysis and association rules is proposed. The choice of a suitable object representation and retrieval scheme is essential for efficient retrieval. In addition, a two-stage relevance feedback mechanism based on the GM(1, N) method and association rules is incorporated to improve the retrieval accuracy. The GM(1, N) method is used to build the re-query example for subsequent retrievals. The retrieval log files stored on the server are used for offline mining of association rules. The association rules mined from users' retrieval history can further reveal users' image searching behavior. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated on the FISH dataset.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

Reason Analysis of Runway Incursions Based on Grey Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 2400-2404
Author(s):  
Zi Qi Ju
Keyword(s):  
Gray Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Theory ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Class Ab ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Runway Incursions ◽  
Runway Incursion

To prevent runway incursions, we should have the corresponding systematic prevent ideas. Based on the definition of runway incursions and classification of relevant criteria, it analyzed the runway incursion system, put forward the closed-loop management ideas to prevent runway incursions, and found the main contradictions of preventing runway incursions using the gray relational analysis. With the example of runway incursion dates of U.S.A, by means of Grey Relational Analysis of different severities and different factors for runway incursions, it have shown that the key factors leading to the class AB and class CD runway incursions are Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations and Pilot Deviations respectively. Meanwhile, it proposed integrated prevention measures of runway incursions.

A MPTCP Path Selection Strategy Based on Improved Grey Relational Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 1766-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Kou ◽  
Si Rui Chen ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Gray Relational Analysis ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
End To End ◽  
Grey Relational

Multipath Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP), a transport layer protocol, proposed by the IETF working group in 2009, can provide multipath communication end to end. It also can improve the utilization of network resources and network transmission reliability. However, that how to select multiple paths to improve the end to end overall throughput, and how to avoid the throughput declining by the performance difference, become the focus of this study. We propose a path selection strategy based on improved gray relational analysis, and set the optimal values of the QoS parameters for the selected paths as the reference sequence. According to the value of improved grey relational degree (IGRD) which is compared with reference sequence, we select the paths with better performance, smaller difference for transmission.

OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AFFECTING CUTTING FORCE, POWER CONSUMPTION AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS USING TAGUCHI-BASED GRAY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS IN TURNING AISI 1040 STEEL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHIR AKGÜN
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Gray Relational Analysis ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Nose Radius ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relational Analysis

This study focuses on optimization of cutting conditions and modeling of cutting force ([Formula: see text]), power consumption ([Formula: see text]), and surface roughness ([Formula: see text]) in machining AISI 1040 steel using cutting tools with 0.4[Formula: see text]mm and 0.8[Formula: see text]mm nose radius. The turning experiments have been performed in CNC turning machining at three different cutting speeds [Formula: see text] (150, 210 and 270[Formula: see text]m/min), three different feed rates [Formula: see text] (0.12 0.18 and 0.24[Formula: see text]mm/rev), and constant depth of cut (1[Formula: see text]mm) according to Taguchi L18 orthogonal array. Kistler 9257A type dynamometer and equipment’s have been used in measuring the main cutting force ([Formula: see text]) in turning experiments. Taguchi-based gray relational analysis (GRA) was also applied to simultaneously optimize the output parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to determine the effect levels of the turning parameters on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Then, the mathematical models for the output parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) have been developed using linear and quadratic regression models. The analysis results indicate that the feed rate is the most important factor affecting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], whereas the cutting speed is the most important factor affecting [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the validation tests indicate that the system optimization for the output parameters ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) is successfully completed with the Taguchi method at a significance level of 95%.

Estimation of CO2 Diffusivity in Brine by Use of the Genetic Algorithm and Mixed Kernels-Based Support Vector Machine Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihong Feng ◽  
Ronghao Cui ◽  
Sen Wang ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Zhe Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range

Diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant parameter describing the mass transfer process, exerts a profound influence on the safety of CO2 storage in depleted reservoirs, saline aquifers, and marine ecosystems. However, experimental determination of diffusion coefficient in CO2-brine system is time-consuming and complex because the procedure requires sophisticated laboratory equipment and reasonable interpretation methods. To facilitate the acquisition of more accurate values, an intelligent model, termed MKSVM-GA, is developed using a hybrid technique of support vector machine (SVM), mixed kernels (MK), and genetic algorithm (GA). Confirmed by the statistical evaluation indicators, our proposed model exhibits excellent performance with high accuracy and strong robustness in a wide range of temperatures (273–473.15 K), pressures (0.1–49.3 MPa), and viscosities (0.139–1.950 mPa·s). Our results show that the proposed model is more applicable than the artificial neural network (ANN) model at this sample size, which is superior to four commonly used traditional empirical correlations. The technique presented in this study can provide a fast and precise prediction of CO2 diffusivity in brine at reservoir conditions for the engineering design and the technical risk assessment during the process of CO2 injection.

A Study on the Influences of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 3899-3904
Author(s):  
Lan Yun Chen ◽  
Qing Long You ◽  
Xin Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Truck Tire

In order to study the effects of different factors on the performance of crumb rubber modified asphalt, on the basis of many laboratory tests, this article analyzed such factors as types of crumb rubber, fineness, content, mixing temperature and matrix asphalt. Results show that mixed with the crumb rubber, pavement performance of the asphalt has been improved to varying degree. In the engineering application of rubber asphalt, it is suggested that the 20 mesh crumb rubber modified asphalt of truck tire be adopted, with about 16% to 18% of crumb rubber content at about 175°C. As for matrix asphalt, it should be selected according to the different climatic conditions and the mechanical characteristics of the pavement.

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