Antimicrobial Activity of Ca-Alginate/Chitosan Nanocomposite Loaded with Camptothecin

The main aim of this study was to prepare antimicrobial nanocomposites consisting of alginate, chitosan, and camptothecin (CPT). CPT-loaded calcium alginate (Ca-Alg2) and calcium alginate/chitosan (Ca-Alg2-CH) nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity and the genetic effects of Ca-Alg2/CPT and Ca-Alg2-CH/CPT nanomaterials on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia were studied. The repetitive element polymerase chain reaction analysis technique was used to assess the changes in the bacterial genetic material due to the processing of the nanomaterials. The results showed the presence of a strong chemical interaction between alginate and chitosan, and CPT was loaded successfully in both Ca-Alg2/CPT and Ca-Alg2-CH/CPT nanomaterials. Furthermore, the antimicrobial test showed that the Ca-Alg2/CPT nanocomposite was susceptible to S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumonia; on the other hand, Ca-Alg2-CH/CPT nanocomposite was more susceptible to E. coli and K. pneumonia and was resistant to S. aureus. The results showed that the Ca-Alg2/CPT nanocomposite was less efficient than Ca-Alg2-CH/CPT nanocomposite in killing Gram-negative treated bacteria. Moreover, results revealed that the PCR analysis revealed a polymorphic banding pattern. This observation provides an excellent guide to the ability of some polymers to induce point mutations in DNA.

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Quantitative PCR analysis of intestinal microbiota in suckling piglets of different age groups with diarrhea

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet10206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (102) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

D. M. Masiuk ◽

A. V. Kokariev ◽

M. H. Supenko

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Pcr ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Age Groups ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Automatic Device ◽

The Body ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Suckling Piglets

The article presents the results of quantitative PCR detection of intestinal intestinal microbiota in suckling piglets of different age groups with diarrhea. To determine the etiology of diarrhea in piglets, 4 groups of animals were formed – two experimental and two control aged 3–5 and 17–21 days of life. Each group consisted of 6 piglets. The piglets in the experimental groups showed signs of diarrhea, and the pigs in the control groups were clinically healthy. Rectal smears were taken from piglets and immediately frozen at a temperature of -18 °C – -22 °C and stored in this form until laboratory examination. Isolation of genetic material from rectal smears was performed using a set of reagents for DNA/RNA extraction manufactured by Biosellal (France) on an automatic device “KingFisher Duo Prime” (USA). Performed mechanical lysis of biological material on the device for homogenization “FastPrep-24” (France). Specific regions of rotavirus RNA types A and C (PRV A, PRV C), the causative agent of swine diarrhea (PEDV) and Cl DNA fragments were determined in the purified nucleic acid solution. perfringens, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp, Eimeria spr, Cystoisospora suis, as well as toxin-producing genes A and B Cl. difficile. Determinations of pathogenic E. coli was performed by toxin genes – STa, STb, LT, STX1, STX2 and EAE, as well as for by coding genes – F4, F5, F18 and F41. The obtained results of the study of the genetic material of microorganisms extracted from rectal smears from clinically healthy pigs and with manifestations of diarrhea characterize the state of the microbiome and the distribution of microorganisms in the intestines of suckling piglets. It was found that the species composition of intestinal microorganisms in clinically healthy suckling piglets is represented by two Cl bacteria. perfringens and E. coli with dominance of the latter, in the population of which there are trace amounts of enterotoxigenic forms. At the same time, it was found that diarrhea in piglets aged 3–5 days of age is induced by a pathogenic effect on the body of rotavirus type C, which is complicated by the effect of toxin synthesizing Cl. difficile, and in pigs 17–21 days of age – co-infection of rotavirus type A and enterotoxigenic forms of E. coli.

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BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING ANDREDERA CORDIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajathi Palanivelrajan ◽

Suja S

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Free Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Biomimetic Synthesis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Frap Assay ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Objective: The present study is focussed on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Andredera cordifolia and to investigate the free radical scavenging potential, antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against different human pathogens.Methods: The formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the colour change from colourless to reddish brown. Biosynthesized nanoparticles was characterised using several techniques, viz- UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM and EDAX analysis. The free radical scavenging potential was measured by DPPH, FRAP assay, antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms was tested using disc diffusion method. Results: UV-Vis spectral analysis showed silver Surface Plasmon Resonance band at 426 nm. The crystalline morphology and size of the nanoparticles were determined by TEM, SEM, and X-ray diffraction studies which showed the average size of the nanoparticles in the range 40 –60nm. The biologically synthesized nanoparticles efficiently inhibited pathogenic organisms such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris. The biosynthesized nanoparticles might serve as a potent antioxidant as revealed by DPPH assay and FRAP assay. Conclusion: The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles had several advantages in pharmaceutical applications as well as large scale commercial production.Key Words: Silver nanoparticle, Andredera cordifolia leaf, SEM,TEM,XRD,antioxidant, antimicrobial,etc.

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Nitrogen and Carbon Nitride-Doped TiO2 for Multiple Catalysis and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-021-03573-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Atif Ashfaq ◽

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Ali Haider ◽

Anwar Ul-Hamid ◽

Iram Shahzadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Carbon Nitride ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Bandgap Energy ◽

Fixed Amount ◽

E Coli ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Co Precipitation

AbstractNitrogen (N) and carbon nitride (C3N4)-doped TiO2 nanostructures were prepared using co-precipitation route. Fixed amount of N and various concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 wt%) of C3N4 were doped in TiO2 lattice. Through multiple techniques, structural, chemical, optical and morphological properties of samples were thoroughly investigated. XRD results verified anatase TiO2 presence along the substitutional doping of N, while higher degree of crystallinity as well as increased crystallite size were noticed after doping. HR-TEM study revealed formation of nanostructures incorporated on two dimensional (2D) C3N4 nanosheet surface. Elemental composition was checked out using EDS technique which confirmed the presence of dopant in product. Optical characteristics were evaluated with UV–vis spectroscopy which depicted representative redshift in absorption spectra resulted in a reduction in bandgap energy in N/C3N4-doped TiO2 samples. The formation of Ti–O–Ti bonds and different molecular vibrations were disclosed by FTIR. Trap sites and charge carrier’s migration in the materials were evaluated with PL spectroscopy. Multiple catalytic activities (photo, sono and photo-sono) were undertaken to evaluate the dye degradation performance of prepared specimen against methylene blue and ciprofloxacin. Further, antimicrobial activity was analyzed against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria.

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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 22’DICHLOROHYDROBENZOIN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28360 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 334

Author(s):

Thanuja B ◽

Charles Kanagam

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

E Coli ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Optical Behavior ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Objective: The objective of this work to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of synthesized 22’dichlorohydrobenzoin (22’CD) a new organic crystal.Methods: 22’CD a new organic crystal was grown by vapor diffusion method. Single crystals of 22’CD have been subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis to estimate the lattice parameters and the space group. The molecular structure was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. Optical behavior and thermal stability of the crystal were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis curves. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of 22’CD was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was evaluated by agar well diffusion method.Results: Antibacterial activity of 22’CD was analyzed with ciprofloxacin and miconazole standard and tested against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumonia’s, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus progenies, and B. subtilis.Conclusion: The 22’CD was found to be effective against E. coli and B. subtitles.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Metal Complexes of N-(4-methoxybenzylidene) Isonicotinohydrazone Schiff Base

Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajocs/2019/v6i118987 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md. Sajjad Hossain ◽

Farzana Khanm Camellia ◽

Nayon Uddin ◽

Md. Kudrat-E-Zahan ◽

Laila Arjuman Banu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Isonicotinic Acid ◽

Acid Hydrazide ◽

Molar Conductivity ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Two complexes of Cu(II) and Ni(II) with the ligand N- (4-methoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazide, having the formula [M(La)2]2+ (M = Cu(II) and Ni(II)) were synthesized. The ligand was synthesized by the condensation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) with 4- methoxybenzaldehyde (p- anisaldehyde). The complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against human pathogens like gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus)strains. The results indicate that all complexes consist of N and O coordination with metals has better antimicrobial activity.

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BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM RICE WASTE WATER AND ITS COMPOSITE WHICH ARE DEPOSITED NANOPARTICLE AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL MATERIAL

ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ◽

10.20961/alchemy.v12i1.946 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eli Rohaeti ◽

Endang W Laksono ◽

Anna Rakhmawati

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Chitosan Composite

<pre>Bacterial cellulose (C) and its composites were synthesized from rice waste water with addition of glycerol (G) and chitosan (Ch).Antibacterial activity of the C, the bacterial cellulose-chitosan composite (CCh), and the bacterial cellulose – glycerol - chitosan composite (CGCh) which were deposited silver nanoparticles against S. aureus, E. coli, and yeast C. albicans has been conducted. Silver nanoparticles was prepared by chemical reduction of a silver nitrate solution, a trisodium citrate as a reductor, and a PVA as a stabilizer. The UV-Vis spectroscopy is used to determine the formation of silver nanoparticles. The characterization was conducted on the bacterial celluloses and those composites including the functional groups by the FTIR, the mechanical properties by Tensile Tester, photos surfaces by SEM, and the test of the antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans by diffusion method. The silver nanoparticle characterization indicates that the silver nanoparticles are formed at a wavelength of 418.80 nm. The antibacterial test showed an inhibitory effect of the C, the CCh, and the CGCh which are deposited the silver nanoparticles against of S. aureus, E. coli, and C.albicans. The CGChs which are deposited silver nanoparticles has the highest antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The CGs which are deposited silver nanoparticles provide the highest antimicrobial activity against the E. coli ATCC 25922 and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231.</pre>

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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MGO – CALCIUM ALGINATE POROUS BEADS

Revista TECNIA ◽

10.21754/tecnia.v26i2.52 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Oscar Perales Pérez ◽

Yarilyn CedeñoMattei

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Calcium Alginate ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Polymeric Matrix ◽

E Coli ◽

Porous Beads

La dispersión de nanopartículas antibacterianas en matrices poliméricas biocompatibles, no tóxicas y biodegradables permitirá el desarrollo de materiales más eficientes y efectivos para la conservación de alimentos, la eliminación de contaminantes y la protección contra microorganismos que comprometen la salud humana. Los materiales bactericidas nanométricos tienen una relación superficie / volumen muy grande que les permite interactuar con más copias de moléculas biológicas, y por lo tanto, mejorar la eficacia antimicrobiana. Más recientemente, se ha sugerido la actividad antimicrobiana del MgO amigable con el medio ambiente y químicamente estable. La incorporación de compuestos bactericidas en una matriz polimérica puede combinar la estabilidad física proporcionada por la matriz polimérica con las propiedades antimicrobianas de los agentes antimicrobianos dispersados como partıculas pequeñas sólidas. Sobre esta base, la presente investigación se centrará en el desarrollo de mezclas de partículas inorgánicas poliméricas biocompatibles, los denominados nanocompuestos, con actividad antimicrobiana sintonizable y mejorada. Se confirmó la actividad antimicrobiana de perlas de alginato cálcico - MgO (que oscilaban entre 0% y 40% p / p MgO) contra E. coli. Las perlas que contenían 20% p / p de MgO inhibían completamente el crecimiento bacterial de la E. coli. Palabras clave.-Alginato de calcio, Cuentas porosas, Óxido de magnesio, Actividad antimicrobiana. ABSTRACTThe dispersion of antibacterial nanoparticles into bio-compatible, non-toxic and bio-degradable polymeric matrices will enable the development of more efficient and effective materials for food preservation, removal of contaminants, and protection against human health-compromising microorganisms. Nanometric bactericidal materials have a very large surface to volume ratio that enable them to attach more copies of biological molecules, and hence, enhance antimicrobial efficiency. More recently, the antimicrobial activity of environmental-friendly and chemically stable MgO has been suggested. The incorporation of bactericidal compounds into a polymeric matrix can combine physical stability provided by the polymeric matrix with the antimicrobial properties of antimicrobial agents dispersed as solid tiny particles. On this basis, the present research will be focused on the development of biocompatible polymer-inorganic particle mixtures, so-called nanocomposites, with tunable and enhanced antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of calcium alginate – MgO beads (ranging from 0% - 40% w/w MgO) against E. coli was confirmed. Beads containing 20% w/w of MgO fully inhibited the E. coli. bacterial growth.. Keywords.- Calcium alginate, Porous beads, Magnesium oxide, Antimicrobial activity.

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Vesicle-Mediated Transfer of Virulence Genes fromEscherichia coli O157:H7 to Other Enteric Bacteria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.66.10.4414-4420.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (10) ◽

pp. 4414-4420 ◽

Cited By ~ 186

Author(s):

Sima Yaron ◽

Glynis L. Kolling ◽

Lee Simon ◽

Karl R. Matthews

Keyword(s):

Virulence Genes ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Chromosomal Dna ◽

E Coli ◽

Food Borne ◽

Phage Dna ◽

Rna And Dna

ABSTRACT Membrane vesicles are released from the surfaces of many gram-negative bacteria during growth. Vesicles consist of proteins, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipids, RNA, and DNA. Results of the present study demonstrate that membrane vesicles isolated from the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 facilitate the transfer of genes, which are then expressed by recipient Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or E. coli JM109. Electron micrographs of purified DNA from E. coli O157:H7 vesicles showed large rosette-like structures, linear DNA fragments, and small open-circle plasmids. PCR analysis of vesicle DNA demonstrated the presence of specific genes from host and recombinant plasmids (hly, L7095, mobA, andgfp), chromosomal DNA (uidA andeaeA), and phage DNA (stx1 andstx2). The results of PCR and the Vero cell assay demonstrate that genetic material, including virulence genes, is transferred to recipient bacteria and subsequently expressed. The cytotoxicity of the transformed enteric bacteria was sixfold higher than that of the parent isolate (E. coli JM109). Utilization of the nonhost plasmid (pGFP) permitted the evaluation of transformation efficiency (ca. 103 transformants μg of DNA−1) and demonstrated that vesicles can deliver antibiotic resistance. Transformed E. coli JM109 cells were resistant to ampicillin and fluoresced a brilliant green. The role vesicles play in genetic exchange between different species in the environment or host has yet to be defined.

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Identification and characteristics of a novel cecropin from the armyworm, Mythimna separata

10.21203/rs.2.17979/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kaiqi Lian ◽

Mingliang Zhang ◽

Xiuli Liang ◽

Lingling Zhou ◽

Zhiqi Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Mythimna Separata ◽

Cell Membrane Damage ◽

E Coli ◽

Recent Emergence

Abstract Background: The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has increased the need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides have been considered as a promising product with several advantages.Results: In this present study, we identified a novel cecropin from the armyworm, Mythimna separata (armyworm cecropin 1, AC-1) by transcriptome sequencing and multi-sequence alignment analysis. The AC-1 precursor comprised 63 amino acid residues, containing a conserved cleavage site of the signal peptide, Ala23-Pro24, while the mature AC-1 included 39 amino acid residues. Chemically synthesized AC-1 exhibited low hemolytic activity against chicken red blood cells, low cytotoxicity against swine testis cells, and effective antimicrobial activity against Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its antimicrobial activity against Salmonella remained after incubation for 1 h at 100 °C or in 250 mM NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 solution, implying good thermal- and salt-resistant stabilities. The bactericidal effect of AC-1 on E. coli gradually increased with increasing AC-1 concentration, resulting in deformation, severe edema, cytolysis, cell membrane damage, and reducing intracellular electron density. Additionally, recombinant AC-1 protein expressed in E. coli was digested by enterokinase protease to obtain AC-1, which showed similar antimicrobial activity against E. coli to chemically synthesized AC-1.Conclusions: This study identified a novel antimicrobial peptide that may represent a potential alternative to antibiotics.

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