scholarly journals Effective Young’s Modulus Estimation of Natural Fibers through Micromechanical Models: The Case of Henequen Fibers Reinforced-PP Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3947
Author(s):  
Ferran Serra-Parareda ◽  
Fabiola Vilaseca ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
Francesc X. Espinach ◽  
Quim Tarrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Micromechanical Modeling ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Pp Composites

In this study, Young’s modulus of henequen fibers was estimated through micromechanical modeling of polypropylene (PP)-based composites, and further corroborated through a single filament tensile test after applying a correction method. PP and henequen strands, chopped to 1 mm length, were mixed in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP). A 4 wt.% of MAPP showed an effective enhancement of the interfacial adhesion. The composites were mold-injected into dog-bone specimens and tensile tested. The Young’s modulus of the composites increased steadily and linearly up to 50 wt.% of fiber content from 1.5 to 6.4 GPa, corresponding to a 327% increase. Certainly, henequen fibers showed a comparable stiffening capacity of PP composites than glass fibers. The intrinsic Young’s modulus of the fibers was predicted through well established models such as Hirsch or Tsai-Pagano, yielding average values of 30.5 and 34.6 GPa, respectively. The single filament test performed to henequen strands resulted in values between 16 and 27 GPa depending on the gauge length, although, after applying a correction method, a Young’s modulus of 33.3 GPa was obtained. Overall, the present work presents the great potential for henequen fibers as PP reinforcement. Moreover, relationships between micromechanics models and filament testing to estimate Young’s modulus of the fibers were explored.

scholarly journals Effect of the Fiber Treatment on the Stiffness of Date Palm Fiber Reinforced PP Composites: Macro and Micromechanical Evaluation of the Young’s Modulus

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Belgacem Chihaoui ◽  
Ferran Serra-Parareda ◽  
Quim Tarrés ◽  
Francesc Xavier Espinach ◽  
Sami Boufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Pp Composites

The present work aims at determining the potential of date palm wastes to be applied as reinforcement in polypropylene. For this, fibers were separated from the raw biomass via mechanical defibration in Sprout Waldron equipment. Then, three different treatment strategies were adopted on the fibers, being (i) mechanical, (ii) chemical with NaOH, and (iii) enzymatical with xylanases and pectinases. Fibers were characterized in terms of chemical composition, morphology and SEM. Additionally, PP was reinforced with date palm fibers and the composites’ stiffness was evaluated. The analysis was performed from a macro and micro mechanical viewpoint. The incorporation of 40 and 60 wt.% of DPF-E enhanced the Young’s modulus of PP by 205 and 308%, respectively. The potential of enzymatically treated fibers to replace glass fibers in composites was studied, exhibiting similar stiffening abilities at 60 wt.% of date palm fiber (6.48 GPa) and 40% of glass fibers (6.85 GPa). The intrinsic Young’s modulus of the fibers was set at values around 16, 20 and 24 GPa for mechanical, chemical and enzymatic fibers. From the micromechanical analysis, the efficiency of the reinforcement as well as the contribution of the length and orientation to the Young’s modulus of the composite was evaluated.

Effect of Span Length on the Tensile Properties of Natural Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Biswas ◽  
Qumrul Ahsan ◽  
Ignaas Verpoest ◽  
Mahbub Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Span Length ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Coir Fibers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Natural fibers are widely used as “reinforcing agents” in polymer composites. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of span length on the tensile properties of several natural fibers (Vietnamese coir and bamboo and Bangladeshi jute). Tensile testing of jute, bamboo and coir fibers was carried out by varying span length (5, 10, 15, 25 and 35 mm). The Young’s modulus and strain to failure were corrected by using newly developed analytical equations in order to correlate the Young’s modulus and strain to failure of natural fibers. Scanning electron microscopy of the fibers was also carried out. It is clearly observed that the Young’s modulus increased with an increase in span length. Whereas tensile strength and strain to failure decreased with an increase in the span length of single fibers. The correction method resulted in a high Young’s modulus for larger span, while strain to failure found was lower compared to smaller span. This is because larger span length helps to minimize the machine displacement compared to smaller ones. Among all fibers, the Young’s modulus of bamboo fiber was highest, followed by jute and coir respectively. Jute fiber had smoother surface and compact structure compared to other two fibers.

The Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Cyperus Odoratus (LLDPE/CY) Blends: Effect of Sodium Hydroxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Ahmad Faris Nik Abdullah ◽  
Nik Noriman Zulkepli ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Naoh Solution

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treated Cyperus Odoratus (CY) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the properties of biodegradable plastics made from linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/CY blends. Alkali treatments for natural fibers can increased adhesion between the hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic matric. After CY was treated with 5% NaOH solution, it can be seen that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the LLDPE/CY blends significantly increased. Therefore, alkali treatments can be considered in modifying the properties of natural fibers.

Evaluation of cutting force of high-performance fibers’ dynamic cutting behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372199075
Author(s):  
Magdi El Messiry ◽  
Affaf Eloufy ◽  
Samar Abdel Latif ◽  
El Shimaa Eid
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Cutting Velocity ◽  
Blade Edge ◽  
Set Up

An analysis of fiber mechanics during cutting is conducted using a rotating cutting set up. It was found that high cutting speeds, low cutting angles, and high cutting normal forces lead to low values of cutting force. In this study, a set of high performance organic and inorganic fiber types are tested throughout different conditions of cut testing. Inorganic fibers gave the lowest specific cutting force. Values of cutting stresses on the edge of the blade were proved to be a function of fibers’ Young’s moduli. Higher Young’s moduli give lower cutting stresses on the blade edge while cutting fibers. Organic fibers were found to have a higher cutting resistance than carbon and glass fibers. A significant indirect correlation was found between the shear stress of the fibers and the fiber Young’s modulus. The value of the cutting force is significantly affected by both normal force and cutting velocity. The analysis of fiber mechanics during cutting is conducted using a rotating cutting set-up. It was found that high cutting speeds, low cutting angles, and high cutting normal forces lead to low values of cutting force. In this study, a set of high performance organic and inorganic fiber types are tested throughout different conditions of cut testing. Inorganic fibers gave the lowest specific cutting force. Values of cutting stresses on the edge of the blade were proved to be a function of fibers Young’s modulus. Higher Young’s modulus gives lower cutting stresses on the blade edge while cutting fibers. Organic fibers were found to have a higher cutting resistance than carbon and glass fibers. A significant indirect correlation was found between the shear stress of the fibers and the fibers Young’s modulus. The value of the cutting force is significantly affected by the normal force, cutting angle, and cutting velocity.

scholarly journals Braiding Thermoplastic and Glass Fibers in Composite Dental Post Improves Their Mechanical Compatibility, In Vitro Experiment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Esraa M. Abdelkader ◽  
Khaled Nassar ◽  
Juan Melchor ◽  
Guillermo Rus
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Mechanical Compatibility

Mechanical compatibility with the human dentin is a considerable issue when fabricating dental fiber posts. To this purpose, this study introduces a new method of fabricating compatible dental posts using braiding techniques of thermoplastic fibers (matrix) with glass fibers (reinforcement). Fifty fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts of thermoplastic yarns polypropylene (PP) braided with continuous filaments glass fibers (GFs) for reinforcement, varying in fiber volume fraction (FVF), and core types are fabricated and tested. Posts are performed using a braiding machine, and braids are placed in an aluminum mold. The filled mold is playced inside an oven at the melting temperature of the polypropylene to produce the final post’s shape. An ultrasonic test is conducted to measure the shear modulus and Young’s modulus of FRC post specimens by measuring the velocities of both the P-wave and S-wave. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurements, each sample is measured three times, and then the means and standard deviations of each sample are calculated before analyzing the test results using the means of two steps, namely, clustering and comparing the P and R² values of each cluster, which revealed that FVF, fiber mass, and core type of the specimen had a significant effect on the resulted Young’s and shear modulus. The results indicate that the proposed method can fabricate competitive dental posts with regard to different fabricating variables. The samples show Young’s modulus ranges of from 10.08 GPa to 31.83 GPa. The following tested hypothesis is supported: the braiding technique of thermoplastic fibers with glass fibers will improve the mechanical compatibility of the resulting posts (ex vivo).

Physical Properties of LLDPE and PP Filled With Wood Flours

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Sultan Bas ◽  
Erol Sancaktar ◽  
Erdal Karadurmus
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Flour Blends

In this study, composites of polypropylene (PP), as well as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) thermoplastics filled with wood flour have been investigated to study the effect of size and amount of wood flour on their mechanical, thermal and aging properties. PP and LLDPE were mixed with five different types of wood flour, i.e., cedar, maple, oak, poplar, and select pine, by adding different percentages of wood flour at 30, 40 and 50 weight percentages. Mixing was done using a mini compounder at 180–210°C and dog-bone shape samples were produced by using a mini-injection molding machine. Two different sizes of wood flour labeled as thin (425–500 μm) and thick (600–710 μm) were compared for PP-wood and LLDPE-wood composites. Mechanical properties of blends were investigated by tensile testing and thermal behaviors of blends were characterized by using DSC analyses. Poplar and maple show better tensile results among other wood types with 543.7 MPa and 600.5 MPa Young’s modulus and 21.05 MPa and 24.53 MPa tensile strength for LLDPE when comparing thick and thin wood flour blends, respectively. In the case of PP; poplar and select pine gave higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength results. Samples were also aged in acid and water solution for 3 days, and their weight and dimensional changes were recorded and compared with neat polymer samples to show physical stability.

TENSILE CREEP OF FLY ASH CONCRETE AT EARLY AGE CONSIDERING THE YOUNG'S MODULUS DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Mimura ◽  
Vanissorn Vimonsatit ◽  
Yuki Watanabe ◽  
Itaru Horiguchi ◽  
Isamu Yoshitake
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
Dog Bone

Tensile properties are important for predicting tensile stress which causes thermal cracking. Fly ash, a by-product from coal-fired power plants, has been recently used to reduce such thermal cracks. However, investigations dealing with tensile properties of fly ash concrete are still limited. This study focuses on the tensile properties of concrete mixed with fly ash at an early age. Fly ash was mixed in general purpose concrete with a cement-replacement ratio of 20% by mass to simulate fly ash concrete used in Japan. To examine tensile Young's modulus and tensile creep, direct tension test was conducted using dog-bone shaped specimens. The tensile creep tests were conducted at the age of 3 days or 7 days, and the loading (30% of splitting tensile strength at the loading age) was sustained for 14 days. Past investigations usually assumed a constant elastic strain during creep test. It should be noted however that elastic strain at early age decreases with the age of concrete as hydration continues. This study takes a consideration of Young's modulus development during creep test to distinguish actual creep and elastic strains. Test results show that creep strain has been underestimated when assuming constant elastic strain.

Effect of Fluctuation in Fiber Orientation on the Young’s Modulus of Green Composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 2163-2166
Author(s):  
Bao Sheng Ren ◽  
Junji Noda ◽  
Koichi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Optical Micrograph ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Fiber Orientation Angle

This paper describes an effect of fluctuation in fiber orientation on Young’s modulus of the so-called green composites. The composites were reinforced with slivers of high-strength natural fibers extracted from plants named curaua. Then a surface optical micrograph of the composites with the fiber fluctuation was obtained. The micrograph was divided into many fine segments, and the fiber orientation angle in each segment was measured. Then, a new concept which takes account of the fiber orientation angles as a probability distribution, was proposed for prediction of the Young’s modulus. The results showed that the predicted Young’s moduli were in a good agreement with the experimental results.

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