scholarly journals Syntheses and Characteristics of Urushiol-Based Waterborne UV-Cured Wood Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Chang ◽  
Jyun-Ya Liao ◽  
Kun-Tsung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Excellent Adhesion ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersions ◽  
The Eu

The manufacture and properties of waterborne UV-cured coatings (WUV coatings) by acetone process based on urushiol for wood finishing were investigated. Firstly, epoxide urushiol (EU) was prepared by reacting urushiol with epichlorohydrin. Secondly, the EU was reacted with acrylic acid to obtain acrylic epoxide urushiol (AEU). Next, the prepolymers were synthesized by the reaction of AEU, 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), respectively, using acetone as a solvent. The prepolymers were further neutralized by triethylamine (TEA) to obtain ionomers and dispersed in the water. After removing the acetone by vacuum distillation, the polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) were obtained. Finally, the WUV coatings were performed by adding a photoinitiator (Irgacure 2959). The products in the synthesized processes and the properties of the WUV coatings were examined. The results showed that the EU, AEU, prepolymers, and ionomers could be synthesized stably. The PUDs synthesized by the IPDI and HDI had a similar solid content of 25.2% and 26.2%, and similar pH values of 7.8 and 7.6. However, the IPDI-containing PUD displayed lower viscosity, smaller particle size, and a more even polydispersity index. The IPDI-containing WUV film displayed a higher hardness, gloss, and lightfastness. The HDI-containing WUV film possessed superior impact resistance. Both IPDI-containing and HDI-containing WUV films showed excellent adhesion, bending resistance, and mass retention, and demonstrated a potential for wood finishing.

scholarly journals Manufacture and Characteristics of Oil-Modified Refined Lacquer for Wood Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Chang ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Lee ◽  
Kun-Tsung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Drying Oils ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Oriental Lacquer

Oriental lacquer, a natural and renewable polymeric coating, comes from the sap produced by lacquer trees. For practical applications, oriental lacquer must be refined to reduce its water content and enhance its quality. In this study, drying oils were blended with oriental lacquer during a refining process to produce oil-modified refined lacquer (OMRL). Rhus succedanea lacquer, composed of 54.1% urushiols, 34.3% water, 7.2% plant gum, and 4.4% nitrogenous compounds, and drying oils, including tung oil (TO), linseed oil (LO), and dehydrated castor oil (DCO), were used as materials in this study. The effect of type and amount (0%, 10%, and 20% by wt %) of drying oils added to lacquer on lacquer properties were evaluated. Results show that the drying oils acted as a diluent, which reduced the viscosity, and enhanced workability, shortened touch-free drying time and accelerated the hardened drying of the OMRL. The results also indicated that the hardness, mass retention, Tg, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and lightfastness of OMRL films decreased as more drying oils were blended with lacquer. Conversely, the bending resistance, elongation at break, impact resistance increased. Gloss was greatly improved through the blending of more drying oils with lacquer. In conclusion, the LO-modified refined lacquer (RL) had the highest film gloss and the DCO-modified RL had the shortest drying time for coating. Otherwise, the film properties were similar among the three types of drying oils.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Linseed Oil-Based Waterborne Urethane Oil Wood Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Chang ◽  
Jing-Ping Chang ◽  
Kun-Tsung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Pseudoplastic Fluid ◽  
Weakly Alkaline ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Fluid Behavior ◽  
Wood Coatings

The linseed oil glyceride (LOG) was synthesized by using a transesterification process with a glycerol/linseed oil molar ratio of 1.0. The waterborne urethane oil (WUO) wood coating was prepared by acetone process. First, dimethylolpropionic acid was reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), followed by adding LOG at various NCO/OH molars of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9, respectively, and the COOH-containing prepolymer was obtained. Then, the ionomer which was prepared by neutralizing prepolymer with trimethylamine, was dispersed by adding deionized water, and the water–acetone dispersion was obtained. Finally, the acetone was removed by vacuum distillation. In the whole synthesized process, the LOG and COOH-containing prepolymer could be steadily synthesized by FTIR analysis, and the weight-average molecular weight and polydispersity of COOH-containing prepolymer increased with an increase of NCO/OH molar ratios. During the water dispersion process of the ionomer acetone solution, the point of phase inversion was prolonged, meaning the solid content decreased with an increase of NCO/OH molar ratios. After acetone was removed, the color of WUO was milky-white, and it was weakly alkaline and possessed a pseudoplastic fluid behavior. The particle size of WUO increased with increasing of NCO/OH molar ratios, however, the storage stability was extended for HDI and shortened for IPDI synthesized with increasing of NCO/OH molar ratios.

scholarly journals Endogenous pH, Titratable Acidity and Total Soluble Solid Content of Mouthwashes Available in the Brazilian Market

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti ◽  
Ianny Alves Ramos ◽  
Rafaela Bastos Leite ◽  
Mariana da Costa Oliveira ◽  
Karynna de Melo Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Soluble Solid ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Abbe Refractometer

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the endogenous pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solid content (TSSC) of mouthwashes available in the Brazilian market.Methods: The study sample was composed of 10 commercial brands of mouthwashes based on different active ingredients: Cepacol®, Clinerize®, Equate®, Listerine Cool Citrus®, Oral-B®, Periogard ®, Peroxyl®, Plax Overnight®, Prevident 220® and Sanifill®. The experiments were performed in triplicate. The endogenous pH was evaluated by potentiometry, titratable acidity was evaluated by the addition of 0.1N KOH increments to the mouthwashes, and TSSC readings were performed by Brix refractometry using the Abbé refractometer.Results: pH values ranged from 3.56 (Peroxyl®) to 7.43 (Cepacol®) and three mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5. The titratable acidity values ranged from 0.007 (Periograd®) to 0.530 (Prevident ®). Oral B® and Clinerize® presented the lowest (4.7%) and the highest (23.70%) TSSC, respectively.Conclusions: Some of the mouthwashes evaluated in this study presented low endogenous pH, even below the critical value for enamel dissolution (pH<5.5), high titratable acidity and high TSSC, and may be potentially erosive to the dental tissues if not properly used. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:156-159)

scholarly journals Effect of Coating Process on Performance of Reversible Thermochromic Waterborne Coatings for Chinese Fir

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Yan ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xingyu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Waterborne Coatings ◽  
Layered Coatings ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact

The effect of the coating process on the properties of reversible thermochromic waterborne coating on the surface of Chinese fir was examined. The results demonstrated that the most critical process parameter affecting the color difference and gloss of the coating was the way of adding thermochromic ink. The coating process had little influence on the adhesion, impact resistance adding, liquid resistance, and original properties of the coating. There was no obvious gloss variation in the coating under different coating processes. For the (3+3) layered coatings, when the thermochromic ink was added to the topcoats, the discoloration performance was the most obvious and the comprehensive performance of coating was better. Meanwhile, the gloss was 55.6%, the adhesion grade was grade 0, the impact resistance was 5.0 kg·cm, the liquid resistance grade of the coating to sodium chloride, ethanol and detergent was grade 1, and the liquid resistance grade to red ink was grade 3. The discoloration performance of the coating was stable under the conditions of aging and time change. This study provides new insight into preparing thermochromic intelligent waterborne wood coatings with potential practical applications on Chinese fir wood surfaces, and also lays a foundation for its application in furniture engineering.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Temperature Calcined Wheat Straw Powder after Lignin Removal on Properties of Waterborne Wood Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Yan ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xingyu Qian
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Waterborne Coating ◽  
Waterborne Coatings ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Mold Resistance

The effect of adding wheat straw powder after lignin removal (WSPALR) and high-temperature calcined WSPALR on the hardness, adhesion, and resistance to impact, color difference, and mold resistance of waterborne coatings was studied. The results showed that the hardness was the highest of 6H when the concentration of WSPALR was 1.0%–2.0%. WSPALR and high-temperature calcined WSPALR had little effect on the adhesion and impact resistance of waterborne coatings, and the resistance to impact was about 10.0 kg cm. When both the concentration of WSPALR and high-temperature calcined WSPALR were 0.5%, the waterborne coating had the best adhesion of Level 1. The addition of high-temperature calcined WSPALR maintained the color difference of the original coatings. A high WSPALR concentration showed better mold resistance than a low concentration WSPALR, and the inhibition effect of high-temperature calcined WSPALR on Trichoderma was better than that of WSPALR. When the concentration of WSPALR calcined at a high temperature was 0.5%, it showed a better hardness of 4H, Level 1 adhesion, 10.0 kg cm resistance to impact, and 1.1 color difference of the waterborne coating. This work has important application value for mold resistance of wood coatings.

Study on Polyurethane Dispersions with PES/PPG and High-Solid Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 588-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Wei ◽  
Fa Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Solid Content ◽  
High Solid ◽  
Shape Memory Behavior ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersions

A series of novel stable and high-solid-content polyurethane were prepared by self-emulsification,use PES and PPG as mixed soft segments.Influence of APAETMS content and mole ratio of PES/PPG on properties of polyurethane dispersions and films were analyzed .Results show that: the cross-linked complex were multivariate distribution in particle size. With an increase of the mass ratio of PES and PPG and content of APAETMS average particles diameter of polyurethane dispersions became bigger , poly-dispersion became wider., solid content of dispersions decrease.. It is also noticed that the high-solid-content dispersions exhibit a pseudo-plastic behavior, when the mass ratio of PES and PPG is 1:3 and content of APAETMS is 1%, the solid content of dispersions is up to 55%. The film also has a good shape memory behavior.

scholarly journals 387 Carbon Dioxide Enrichment in Mamoncillo Fruit (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.) during Storage

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 510E-510
Author(s):  
Juan E Manzano-Mèndez ◽  
Damaso Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Enrichment ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
And Storage

Mamoncillo fruit, which are very perishable, were harvested at mature ripening stage and stored at gas atmospheres containing of 5.1% CO2, 5.6 % oxygen and 89.3% nitrogen, during 17 days at 10 and 15 ± 2 °C. Characteristics studied were the percent soluble solid content, pH, tritatable acidity (expressed as citric acid), reducing sugars, and total sugars. The SST content showed values ranged between 20.37% to 22.30%, which were high values, but did not show significant differences in the treatments. The pH values were between 3.4 and 3.8 and were highly significant in the interaction between temperature and storage time. The tritatable acidity reported values from 0.99 to 2.24 (as percent citric acid), which had similar behavior in the fruit treated or not with CO2. Reducing sugar values were between 7.79 and 17.99 g•100 g-1 (in base to fresh weight), with highest values at higher storage temperature without CO2 atmosphere. Some times these fruit could be sweeter, such as in this case where the total sugar reached the highest values from 12.92 to 20.64 g•100 g-1, resulting in higher value fruit stored during 3 weeks with CO2 treatment at 15 ± 2 °C. Fruit kept good conditions during 3 weeks stored at 15 ± 2 °C.

scholarly journals Manufacture and Characteristics of Oil-Modified Refined Lacquer for Wood Coatings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Chang ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Lee ◽  
Kun-Tsung Lu
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Drying Oils ◽  
Drying Oil ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Oriental Lacquer

Oriental lacquer, a natural and renewable polymeric coating, comes from the sap produced by lacquer trees. For practical application, oriental lacquer must be refined to reduce excess water and enhance its quality. In this study, drying oils were blended with oriental lacquer during the refining process to prepare an oil-modified refined lacquer (OMRL). The type and adding amount (0, 10, and 20% by wt.) of drying oils for wood coatings utilization were evaluated. Rhus succedanea oriental lacquer is composed of 54.1% urushiols, 34.3% water, 7.2% plant gum, and 4.4% nitrogenous compounds, and drying oils, including tung oil (TO), linseed oil (LO), and dehydrated castor oil (DCO) were used as materials in this study. The results show that the drying oil acts as a diluent, which reduces the viscosity and enhances the workability and could shorten the touch-free drying time and speed up the hardened drying of the OMRL. The results also indicate that the hardness, mass retention, Tg, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and lightfastness of OMRL films decrease as more drying oils are blended. Conversely, the bending resistance, elongation at break, impact resistance increase, and particularly, the gloss, is greatly improved through the blending of more drying oils. In conclusion, the LO-modified refined lacquer (RL) has the highest film gloss and the DCO-modified RL has the shortest drying time for coating; otherwise, the film properties are similar among the three types of drying oil.

scholarly journals Effect of the Concentration of Pigment Slurry on the Film Performances of Waterborne Wood Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan ◽  
Chang ◽  
Qian
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Wood Coating ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Surface Decoration ◽  
Thermochromic Pigment

Wood surface decoration and protection has become a topic of public concern. In this paper, a temperature-sensitive and reversible thermochromic waterborne wood coating was prepared by using Chinese fir board as the base material and a waterborne wood coating with the pigment slurry of thermochromic microcapsules as the paint base. The optical properties, mechanical properties and chemical resistance of the waterborne wood coating were tested, and its microstructure was analyzed. The results showed that when the concentration of thermochromic pigment slurry was 30.0%, the thermochromic property of the waterborne wood coating was best. The gloss of the waterborne wood coating with 15.0% pigment slurry of thermochromic microcapsules was high. The concentration of thermochromic pigment slurry had no effect on the adhesion, impact resistance, or chemical resistance of the waterborne wood coating. Based on the above results, the waterborne wood coating on Chinese fir had the best comprehensive performance when the concentration of thermochromic pigment slurry was 15.0%. This work will provide a technical reference for the industrialization of the thermochromic coating film on wood.

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