scholarly journals Development of Polymer-Based Nanoformulations for Glioblastoma Brain Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis: An Update

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4114
Author(s):  
Bijuli Rabha ◽  
Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj ◽  
Siddhartha Pati ◽  
Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury ◽  
Tanmay Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis ◽  
The Brain

Brain cancers, mainly high-grade gliomas/glioblastoma, are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and recurrence with an extremely poor prognosis. Despite various conventional treatment strategies, viz., resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the outcomes are still inefficient against glioblastoma. The blood–brain barrier is one of the major issues that affect the effective delivery of drugs to the brain for glioblastoma therapy. Various studies have been undergone in order to find novel therapeutic strategies for effective glioblastoma treatment. The advent of nanodiagnostics, i.e., imaging combined with therapies termed as nanotheranostics, can improve the therapeutic efficacy by determining the extent of tumour distribution prior to surgery as well as the response to a treatment regimen after surgery. Polymer nanoparticles gain tremendous attention due to their versatile nature for modification that allows precise targeting, diagnosis, and drug delivery to the brain with minimal adverse side effects. This review addresses the advancements of polymer nanoparticles in drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy against brain cancer. The mechanisms of drug delivery to the brain of these systems and their future directions are also briefly discussed.

Cancer Nanotheranostics: A Nanomedicinal Approach for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288-1299
Author(s):  
Paromita Kundu ◽  
Deepika Singh ◽  
Abhalaxmi Singh ◽  
Sanjeeb K. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

The panorama of cancer treatment has taken a considerable leap over the last decade with the advancement in the upcoming novel therapies combined with modern diagnostics. Nanotheranostics is an emerging science that holds tremendous potential as a contrivance by integrating therapy and imaging in a single probe for cancer diagnosis and treatment thus offering the advantage like tumor-specific drug delivery and at the same time reduced side effects to normal tissues. The recent surge in nanomedicine research has also paved the way for multimodal theranostic nanoprobe towards personalized therapy through interaction with a specific biological system. This review presents an overview of the nano theranostics approach in cancer management and a series of different nanomaterials used in theranostics and the possible challenges with future directions.

scholarly journals Intranasal Delivery of Nanoformulations: A Potential Way of Treatment for Neurological Disorders

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Ul Islam ◽  
Adeeb Shehzad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Young Sup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Nasal Delivery ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Although the global prevalence of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, glioblastoma, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis is steadily increasing, effective delivery of drug molecules in therapeutic quantities to the central nervous system (CNS) is still lacking. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for the entry of drugs into the brain, as it comprises a tight layer of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocyte foot processes that limit drugs’ entry. In recent times, intranasal drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the BBB and treat neurological diseases. The intranasal route for drug delivery to the brain with both solution and particulate formulations has been demonstrated repeatedly in preclinical models, including in human trials. The key features determining the efficacy of drug delivery via the intranasal route include delivery to the olfactory area of the nares, a longer retention time at the nasal mucosal surface, enhanced penetration of the drugs through the nasal epithelia, and reduced drug metabolism in the nasal cavity. This review describes important neurological disorders, challenges in drug delivery to the disordered CNS, and new nasal delivery techniques designed to overcome these challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery. The potential for treatment possibilities with intranasal transfer of drugs will increase with the development of more effective formulations and delivery devices.

Multiple Sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Bhargava ◽  
Peter A. Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating neurological disorder of the brain and spinal cord, with both inflammatory and degenerative components. Current treatment strategies utilize immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents to reduce the inflammatory disease activity and retard accumulation of disability. Future challenges for treatment include identifying agents that will promote remyelination and axonal protection to help impact progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. This chapter discusses currently available disease modifying therapies, agents currently in phase 2/3 trials, and future directions in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Neuronanomedicine: An Up-to-Date Overview

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mihai Teleanu ◽  
Cristina Chircov ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu ◽  
Raluca Ioana Teleanu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Improve Life Expectancy ◽  
The Brain

The field of neuronanomedicine has recently emerged as the bridge between neurological sciences and nanotechnology. The possibilities of this novel perspective are promising for the diagnosis and treatment strategies of severe central nervous system disorders. Therefore, the development of nano-vehicles capable of permeating the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reaching the brain parenchyma may lead to breakthrough therapies that could improve life expectancy and quality of the patients diagnosed with brain disorders. The aim of this review is to summarize the recently developed organic, inorganic, and biological nanocarriers that could be used for the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to the brain, as well as the latest studies on the use of nanomaterials in brain cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and stroke. Additionally, the main challenges and limitations associated with the use of these nanocarriers are briefly presented.

Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Garg ◽  
Deepak N Kapoor ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Sharma ◽  
Amit Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional drug delivery systems. Reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier are currently being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tend to potentiate targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis. Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective delivery of drugs.

Advancement and Strategies for the Development of Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacokinetic Modulation, Role and Clinical Evidence Against Cancer Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishabha Malviya ◽  
Swati Verma ◽  
Sonali Sundram
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Altered Pharmacokinetic ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Peptide Drug Conjugates ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

: Currently, many new treatment strategies are being used for the management of cancer. Among them, chemotherapy based on peptides has been of great interest due to the unique features of peptides. This review discusses the role of peptide and peptides analogues in the treatment of cancer, with special emphasis on their pharmacokinetic modulation and research progress. Low molecular weight, targeted drug delivery, enhanced permeability, etc., of the peptide-linked drug conjugates, lead to an increase in the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Various peptides have recently been developed as drugs and vaccines with an altered pharmacokinetic parameter which has subsequently been assessed in different phases of the clinical study. Peptides have made a great impact in the area of cancer therapy and diagnosis. Targeted chemotherapy and drug delivery techniques using peptides are emerging as excellent tools in minimizing problems with conventional chemotherapy. It can be concluded that new advances in using peptides to treat different types of cancer have been shown by different clinical studies indicating that peptides could be used as an ideal therapeutic method in treating cancer due to the novel advantages of peptides. The development of identifying and synthesizing novel peptides could provide a promising choice to patients with cancer.

Polymer Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for the Enhanced Release of Therapeutic Agents to the CNS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacristina Gagliardi ◽  
Claudia Borri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Polymer Nanoparticles ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Brain Protection ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
The Brain

Background: The brain is the most protected organ in the human body; its protective shield, relying on a complex system of cells, proteins and transporters, prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream but, on the other hand, it also stops drugs administered via the systemic route. To improve the efficacy of pharmacological treatments, targeted drug delivery by means of polymer nanoparticles is a challenging but, at the same time, efficient strategy. Methods: Thanks to a highly multidisciplinary approach, several ways to overcome the brain protection have provided effective solutions to treat a large number of diseases. Important advances in polymer science, together with the development of novel techniques for nanocarrier preparation, and the discovery of novel targeting ligands and molecules, allow a fine-tuning of size, shape, chemicophysical properties and surface chemistry of functional particulate systems; it enables the improvement of the therapeutic performances for several drugs, also toward districts that are difficult to be treated, such as the brain. Conclusion: This review focuses on the great strides made from scientists and doctors in the development of polymer nano-sized drug delivery systems for brain diseases. Even though the optimal nanocarrier was not yet discovered, important advances were made to strive for safer, performant and successful systems, with the expectation to find soon better solutions to cure some still untreatable pathologies. <p></p>

scholarly journals Intracerebral hemorrhage: update and future directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 651-659
Author(s):  
Eva ROCHA ◽  
Carolina ROUANET ◽  
Danyelle REGES ◽  
Vivian GAGLIARDI ◽  
Aneesh Bhim SINGHAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), defined as bleeding into the brain parenchyma, is a significant public health issue. Although it accounts for only 10 to 15% of strokes, it is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Despite advances in the field of stroke and neurocritical care, the principles of acute management have fundamentally remained the same over many years. The main treatment strategies include aggressive blood pressure control, early hemostasis, reversal of coagulopathies, clot evacuation through open surgical or minimally invasive surgical techniques, and the management of raised intracranial pressure.

scholarly journals Advances in Chemistry and Their Implications for Studying and Treating Brain Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
New Drug ◽  
The Brain

Chemical approaches to creating new drug delivery systems and biomaterials are discussed. These delivery systems have been used to study how blood vessels grow and how different molecules affecting the brain behave. They have also been used in treatments ranging from schizophrenia to brain cancer.

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