scholarly journals Natural Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Applicable at Cryogenic Temperatures

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4276
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Uram ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Laima Vevere ◽  
Ralfs Pomilovskis ◽  
Ugis Cabulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Cryogenic Insulation

This paper presents research into the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with bio-polyols from rapeseed and tall oil. Rigid polyurethane foams were designed with a cryogenic insulation application for aerospace in mind. The polyurethane systems containing non-renewable diethylene glycol (DEG) were modified by replacing it with rapeseed oil-based low functional polyol (LF), obtained by a two-step reaction of epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with 1-hexanol. It was observed that as the proportion of the LF polyol in the polyurethane system increased, so too did the apparent density of the foam material. An increase in the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient was associated with an increase in the value of apparent density. Mechanical tests showed that the rigid polyurethane foam had higher compressive strength at cryogenic temperatures compared with the values obtained at room temperature. The adhesion test indicated that the foams subjected to cryo-shock obtained similar values of adhesion strength to the materials that were not subjected to this test. The results obtained were higher than 0.1 MPa, which is a favourable value for foam materials in low-temperature applications.

Polyol from spent coffee grounds: Performance in a model pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foam system

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sendijarevic ◽  
Karol W Pietrzyk ◽  
Christi M. Schiffman ◽  
Vahid Sendijarevic ◽  
Alper Kiziltas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Coffee Grounds

The objective of this study was to produce a polyol from spent coffee grounds via acid liquification process that meets performance requirements for use in polyurethane applications. The spent coffee grounds based polyol was characterized and evaluated on a fully catalyzed model rigid polyurethane foam system. The pH of the polyol was 6.8, acid value 4.12 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl value 302.6 mg KOH/g, which are in the range of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foams. The reactivity study confirmed enhanced reactivity of the spent coffee grounds polyol compared to standard sucrose-glycerol initiated polyether polyols, which can be attributed to higher content of primary reactive hydroxyls. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs of the foams prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% spent coffee grounds polyol based on total polyols in the formulation revealed a drained dodecahedron type cell structure with intact cell windows as a clear indication of the closed cell structure typical for the rigid polyurethane foams used in thermal insulation applications. Results of this study confirmed the feasibility to produce polyols from spent coffee grounds with performance characteristics suitable for polyurethane application. The fact that spent coffee grounds are readily available industrial waste generated in instant coffee manufacturing, makes this biomass residue a sustainable source of raw materials for scalable production of polyols for polyurethanes.

Hydrolytic liquefaction of hydrolysis lignin for the preparation of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2385-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubla Mahmood ◽  
Zhongshun Yuan ◽  
John Schmidt ◽  
Matthew Tymchyshyn ◽  
Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Hydrolysis lignin (HL) was liquefied employing 50/50 (v/v) water–ethanol mixture for the preparation of bio-based polyols/rigid polyurethane foams.

Analysis of the Development and Application of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 4319-4322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
To Come ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Due to its excellent performance, the rigid polyurethane has been widely used in the building construction nowdays. This paper introduces what is rigid polyurethane foam and its main chemical constituents of the composition and principle, describes the main properties of rigid polyurethane foams and its present application status and development prospects, to provide reference for further development and research of the rigid polyurethane foam in the days to come.

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF POLYURETHANE FOAM COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH LYSOZYME

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
T.V. VISLOHUZOVA ◽  
◽  
R.A. ROZHNOVA ◽  
N.A. GALATENKO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Foam Composite ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds

The article is devoted to the development and research of the structure and properties of polyurethane foam (PUF) composite materials with the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme. A series of PUF composite materials with lysozyme of various concentrations (1, 3 and 5 wt %) were obtained. It is established that the immobilization of lysozyme occurs due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds by the method of IR spectroscopy. According to the results of physical-mechanical tests the adhesive strength of polyurethane foam compositions with lysozyme is in the range of 0,82–1,16 MPa. The introduction of lysozyme into the composition of polyurethane foams and an increase its amount causes a decrease in the values of adhesion strength by 18,1–29,3 %. According to differential scanning calorimetry the tested systems are single-phase with a glass transition temperature in the range of -49,20 to -49,86 °C. The introduction of lysozyme into the composition causes an increase heating capacity at the glass transition, which can be associated with a decrease of the packing density of macrochains resulting in an increase in free volume, which leads to an increase molecular mobility. According to the results of the analysis of transmission optical microscopy micrographs the studied PUF have a microporous structure, which depends on the content of filler in their composition. It was found that the presence of lysozyme in the composition of composite materials leads to a decrease in the percentage of porosity, an increase in the number of pores with a diameter of up to 300 μm, which is 76,7–82,4 % (while for PUF – 69,5 %) and the absence of pores with a diameter larger than 990 μm. Thermogravimetric characteristics indicate the heat resistance of the synthesized PUF to a temperature of 179,95 °C, which allows dry sterilization of samples without changing their characteristics. PUF composite materials with lysozyme are promising materials that can be used in medical practice as polymer compositions for the treatment of wounds and burns.

scholarly journals Density Effect on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Degradation, and Combustibility of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Modified by Expandable Graphite or Ammonium Polyphosphate

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Chen ◽  
Wan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Combustion Behaviors

The current study aims at comparatively investigating the effect of apparent density on flame retardancy, thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), RPUF/ expandable graphite (EG) and RPUF/ ammonium polyphosphate (APP). A series of RPUF, RPUF/EG and RPUF/APP samples with different apparent densities (30, 60 and 90 kg/m3) were prepared. The flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and combustion behaviors of each sample were investigated. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) results indicated that increasing apparent density was beneficial to the flame retardancy of all foam systems. The effect of apparent density on the enhancement of flame retardancy followed the sequence of RPUF < RPUF/APP < RPUF/EG. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that an increase in the apparent density can cause more weight loss in the first degradation stage and less weight loss in the second degradation stage for all foam systems. The combustion behaviors also showed significant differences. The samples with a higher apparent density showed a longer duration of heat release and higher total heat release (THR). The findings in this study demonstrated that apparent density played an important role in flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and combustion behaviors of RPUF, which must be paid more attention in the studies of flame-retardant RPUF.

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Varying Amount of Blowing Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
Jessalyn C. Grumo ◽  
Lady Jaharah Y. Jabber ◽  
Arnold A. Lubguban ◽  
Rey Y. Capangpangan ◽  
Arnold C. Alguno
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Blowing Agent

We report on the rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with varying amount of blowing agent. The effects of blowing agent in the formation of polyurethane will be characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SEM images revealed that varying the amount of blowing agent will significantly change the surface morphology of the resulting RPUF. The average cell size of the RPUF increases with increasing amount of blowing agent. Moreover, FTIR results revealed the presence of functional group related to formation of urethane bonds such as N-H, C=O, C=N and C-O-C stretching suggesting that polyurethane foam was successfully synthesized. This simple and straightforward process of RPUF using water as blowing agent will be economical.

Preparation of open cell rigid polyurethane foams and modified with organo-kaolin

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-447
Author(s):  
Guojian Wang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Cell Opening

The open cell rigid polyurethane foam (ORPUF) was prepared by adding chemical cell openers including O-500 and AK-9903. The FTIR results of cell openers and open cell rate of ORPUFs showed that O-500 has more effective cell opening capacity. In the ORPUF foaming formulation using O-500 as cell opener, silane coupling agent (KH-550) modified kaolin (organo-kaolin) was introduced into ORPUF with different weight loadings. The cellular morphology, apparent density, and compressive strength of the foams were tested in order to investigate the effects of organo-kaolin on the open cell rate and compressive property of the foams. The results showed that the open cell rate of ORPUFs slightly increased from 83.9% to 92.9% with the content of organo-kaolin. Meanwhile, compared to neat ORPUF, the compressive strength of foams increased by 72.8% when the content of introduced organo-kaolin was 4 parts per hundred of polyol by mass (php).

The effects of N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol on the flame retardancy and physical–mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daikun Jia ◽  
Yi Tong ◽  
Jin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Initial Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Upper Limit

Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams incorporating N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol have been prepared. After adding N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol, the density and compressive strength of the polyurethane foams were seen to decrease. The flame retardancy of the polyurethane foams has been characterized by limiting oxygen index, upper limit–94, and cone calorimeter tests. The polyurethane foam with 2.27 wt% N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol gave a highest limiting oxygen index of 33.4%, and the peak heat release rate of polyurethane foam reduced to 19.5 kW/m2 from 47.6 kW/m2 of PU-0 without N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol. Upper limit–94 revealed N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol did not change the burning rating, and all polyurethane foams had passed V-0 rating. The thermal stability of polyurethane foams has been investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer. N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly increased the initial decomposition temperature of polyurethane foams and their residues. In addition, the morphology of residual char from the flame-retarded polyurethane foams after cone calorimeter tests has also been characterized by digital photographs. The results indicated that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol significantly enhanced the strength and compatibility of the char layer formed by the polyurethane foams. These results indicate that N,N-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-l-phenylalanine diacid ester glycol can improve both the quality and quantity of the char, which has a significant effect on the flame-retardant properties of the foam.

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