Analysis of the Development and Application of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 4319-4322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
To Come ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Due to its excellent performance, the rigid polyurethane has been widely used in the building construction nowdays. This paper introduces what is rigid polyurethane foam and its main chemical constituents of the composition and principle, describes the main properties of rigid polyurethane foams and its present application status and development prospects, to provide reference for further development and research of the rigid polyurethane foam in the days to come.

scholarly journals Natural Oil-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Applicable at Cryogenic Temperatures

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4276
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Uram ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Laima Vevere ◽  
Ralfs Pomilovskis ◽  
Ugis Cabulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Foam Material ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Cryogenic Insulation

This paper presents research into the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with bio-polyols from rapeseed and tall oil. Rigid polyurethane foams were designed with a cryogenic insulation application for aerospace in mind. The polyurethane systems containing non-renewable diethylene glycol (DEG) were modified by replacing it with rapeseed oil-based low functional polyol (LF), obtained by a two-step reaction of epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with 1-hexanol. It was observed that as the proportion of the LF polyol in the polyurethane system increased, so too did the apparent density of the foam material. An increase in the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient was associated with an increase in the value of apparent density. Mechanical tests showed that the rigid polyurethane foam had higher compressive strength at cryogenic temperatures compared with the values obtained at room temperature. The adhesion test indicated that the foams subjected to cryo-shock obtained similar values of adhesion strength to the materials that were not subjected to this test. The results obtained were higher than 0.1 MPa, which is a favourable value for foam materials in low-temperature applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams with Varying Amount of Blowing Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
Jessalyn C. Grumo ◽  
Lady Jaharah Y. Jabber ◽  
Arnold A. Lubguban ◽  
Rey Y. Capangpangan ◽  
Arnold C. Alguno
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Blowing Agent

We report on the rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) with varying amount of blowing agent. The effects of blowing agent in the formation of polyurethane will be characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SEM images revealed that varying the amount of blowing agent will significantly change the surface morphology of the resulting RPUF. The average cell size of the RPUF increases with increasing amount of blowing agent. Moreover, FTIR results revealed the presence of functional group related to formation of urethane bonds such as N-H, C=O, C=N and C-O-C stretching suggesting that polyurethane foam was successfully synthesized. This simple and straightforward process of RPUF using water as blowing agent will be economical.

Preparation of open cell rigid polyurethane foams and modified with organo-kaolin

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-447
Author(s):  
Guojian Wang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Cell Opening

The open cell rigid polyurethane foam (ORPUF) was prepared by adding chemical cell openers including O-500 and AK-9903. The FTIR results of cell openers and open cell rate of ORPUFs showed that O-500 has more effective cell opening capacity. In the ORPUF foaming formulation using O-500 as cell opener, silane coupling agent (KH-550) modified kaolin (organo-kaolin) was introduced into ORPUF with different weight loadings. The cellular morphology, apparent density, and compressive strength of the foams were tested in order to investigate the effects of organo-kaolin on the open cell rate and compressive property of the foams. The results showed that the open cell rate of ORPUFs slightly increased from 83.9% to 92.9% with the content of organo-kaolin. Meanwhile, compared to neat ORPUF, the compressive strength of foams increased by 72.8% when the content of introduced organo-kaolin was 4 parts per hundred of polyol by mass (php).

scholarly journals Enhancing the Fire Safety and Smoke Safety of Bio–Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Inserting a Reactive Flame Retardant Containing P@N and Blending Silica Aerogel Powder

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2140
Author(s):  
Guangxu Bo ◽  
Xiaoling Xu ◽  
Xiaoke Tian ◽  
Jiao Wu ◽  
Yunjun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Silica Aerogel ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Reactive Flame Retardant

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in many fields, but they are easy to burn and produce a lot of smoke, which seriously endangers the safety of people’s lives and property. In this study, tetraethyl(1,5–bis(bis(2–hydroxypropyl)amino)pentane–1,5–diyl)bis(phosphonate) (TBPBP), as a phosphorus–nitrogen–containing reactive–type flame retardant, was successfully synthesized and employed to enhance the flame retardancy of RPUFs, and silica aerogel (SA) powder was utilized to reduce harmful fumes. Castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam containing SA powder and TBPBP was named RPUF–T45@SA20. Compared with neat RPUF, the obtained RPUF–T45@SA20 greatly improved with the compressive strength properties and the LOI value increased by 93.64% and 44.27%, respectively, and reached the V–0 rank of UL–94 testing. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of RPUF–T45@SA20 were, respectively, reduced by 44.66% and 51.89% compared to those of the neat RPUF. A possible flame–retardant mechanism of RPUF–T45@SA20 was also proposed. This study suggested that RPUF incorporated with TBPBP and SA powder is a prosperous potential composite for fire and smoke safety as a building insulation material.

Polyol from spent coffee grounds: Performance in a model pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foam system

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sendijarevic ◽  
Karol W Pietrzyk ◽  
Christi M. Schiffman ◽  
Vahid Sendijarevic ◽  
Alper Kiziltas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Coffee Grounds

The objective of this study was to produce a polyol from spent coffee grounds via acid liquification process that meets performance requirements for use in polyurethane applications. The spent coffee grounds based polyol was characterized and evaluated on a fully catalyzed model rigid polyurethane foam system. The pH of the polyol was 6.8, acid value 4.12 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl value 302.6 mg KOH/g, which are in the range of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foams. The reactivity study confirmed enhanced reactivity of the spent coffee grounds polyol compared to standard sucrose-glycerol initiated polyether polyols, which can be attributed to higher content of primary reactive hydroxyls. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs of the foams prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% spent coffee grounds polyol based on total polyols in the formulation revealed a drained dodecahedron type cell structure with intact cell windows as a clear indication of the closed cell structure typical for the rigid polyurethane foams used in thermal insulation applications. Results of this study confirmed the feasibility to produce polyols from spent coffee grounds with performance characteristics suitable for polyurethane application. The fact that spent coffee grounds are readily available industrial waste generated in instant coffee manufacturing, makes this biomass residue a sustainable source of raw materials for scalable production of polyols for polyurethanes.

Hydrolytic liquefaction of hydrolysis lignin for the preparation of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2385-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nubla Mahmood ◽  
Zhongshun Yuan ◽  
John Schmidt ◽  
Matthew Tymchyshyn ◽  
Chunbao (Charles) Xu
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Hydrolysis Lignin ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Hydrolysis lignin (HL) was liquefied employing 50/50 (v/v) water–ethanol mixture for the preparation of bio-based polyols/rigid polyurethane foams.

scholarly journals Nitrogen/phosphorus synergistic flame retardant-filled flexible polyurethane foams: microstructure, compressive stress, sound absorption, and combustion resistance

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 21192-21201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Mengfan Xing ◽  
Hongyang Wang ◽  
Shih-Yu Huang ◽  
Chengeng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Synergistic Flame Retardant ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Compared with a rigid polyurethane foam, a flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has more diversified applications including filtration, sound absorption, vibration-proofing, decoration, packaging, and heat insulation.

scholarly journals Flame Retarded Rigid Polyurethane Foams Composites Modified by Aluminum Diethylphosphinate and Expanded Graphite

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Hu ◽  
Zijian Zhou ◽  
Shuisheng Li ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Shui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
One Step ◽  
Combustible Gases

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) was an organic porous material, which was applied in many fields for excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties, especially in building insulation. However, the poor fire performance significantly suppresses its further application. In this work, aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) combined with expanded graphite (EG) to form a synergistic flame retarded system, which was introduced to fabricate flame retarded rigid polyurethane foam composites (FR-RPUF) by one-step water-blown method. Furthermore, thermal insulation, thermal stability, fire performance, and decomposition products of RPUF and FR-RPUF composites were systematically investigated. It was found that FR-RPUF composites possessed LOI of 25.9 vol% with V-1 rating in UL-94 test when 10 php of ADP and 20 php of EG were added, which were better than RPUF composites with ADP or EG added alone. MCC test showed that RPUF/ADP24/EG6 had the lowest PHRR value of 159.85 W/g, which was 52.01 W/g lower than that of pure RPUF. Gas phase products investigation implied that the combination of ADP and EG could decrease toxic and combustible gases intensities, thus significantly enhancing fire safety of FR-RPUF composites. SEM test indicated that ADP and EG promoted the formation of dense and continuous char residue, which significantly inhibited heat and substance transfer in combustion, thus significantly enhancing fire performance of FR-RPUF composites.

Problems and prospects for the Russian banking supervision development in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1296
Author(s):  
K.A. Omarieva ◽  
P.G. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Document Flow ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Subject. The article addresses problems and prospects for the banking supervision development in the Russian Federation under modern conditions. Objectives. We review the essence and methods of organization of the banking supervision, and identify the main problems and prospects for its development. Methods. To provide valid, reliable and reasoned recommendations, we apply normative and integrated approaches to the study of the banking supervision effectiveness in the current circumstances. Results. The paper investigates main problems and development prospects for the Russian banking supervision. The essential importance of supervision comes from the main role of the banking system in maintaining accounts of economic entities and making settlements. Even minor failures or delays in operations can lead to negative outcomes and disastrous consequences for the entire monetary system and the national economy. Therefore, we highlight issues that require attention, and make proposals for further development of the banking supervision. Conclusions. In the context of dynamically developing economy, the banking practice is becoming more complex. As a result, there is a need for new financial instruments that can reduce risks, increase the speed and efficiency of operations and document flow, and help achieve the world levels of introduced standards.

A greener and sustainable approach for converting polyurethane foam rejects into superior polyurethane coatings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sebacic Acid ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Microwave Reaction ◽  
P Recycling ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Green Polymer

Recycling is a crucial area of research in green polymer chemistry. Various developments in recycling are driven by Environmental concerns, interest in sustainability and desire to decrease the dependence on non-renewable petroleum based materials. Polyurethane foams [PUF] are widely used due to their light weight and superior heat insulation as well as good mechanical properties. As per survey carried Polyurethane Foam Association, 12 metric tonnes of polyurethane foam are discharged during manufacturing and/or processing and hence recycling of PUF is necessary for better economics and ecological reasons. In present study, rejects of PUF is subjected to reaction with a diethylene amine in presence of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as catalyst, as a result depolymerised product containing hydroxyl and amine groups is obtained. Conventional and Microwave reaction for depolymerizing polyurethane foam have been carried, and best results are obtained by Microwave reaction. Further depolymerised product with hydroxyl and amine functionalities are reacted with bis (2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) [BHET] obtained by recycling polyethylene terephthalate [PET] and sebacic acid, with stannous oxalate [FASCAT 2100 series] as catalyst to obtain Polyester amides. These Polyester amides having hydroxyl and amino groups in excess are cured with isocyanates-hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret [HDI biuret] and isophorone diisocyanate [IPDI] for coating applications. The coated films are characterized using physical, mechanical and chemical tests, which shows comparable physical, mechanical properties but alkali resistance is poor.

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