scholarly journals Influence of Organic Ligands on the Colloidal Stability and Removal of ZnO Nanoparticles from Synthetic Waters by Coagulation

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Inam ◽  
Du Park ◽  
Saba Zam Zam ◽  
Sookyo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Ligands ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Excess Charge ◽  
Zno Nps

The large-scale production and usage of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) may lead to their post-release into the aquatic environment. In this study, the effect of hydrophobic/hydrophilic organic ligands on sorption and sedimentation of ZnO NPs has been systematically investigated. In addition, the coagulation efficiency of ZnO NPs, Zn2+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and UV254 with varying ferric chloride (FC) dosages in synthetic waters were also evaluated. The results showed that the higher concentration of organic ligands, i.e., humic acid (HA), salicylic acid (SA), and L-cysteine (L-cys) reduced the ζ-potential and hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) of particles, which enhanced the NPs stability. The adsorption of organic ligands onto ZnO NPs was fitted with the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacities of 143, 40.47, and 66.05 mg/g for HA, SA and L-cys respectively. Removal of up to 95% of ZnO NPs and Zn2+ was achieved in studied waters at the effective coagulation zone (ECR), above which excess charge induced by coagulant restabilized the NPs in suspension. Moreover, the removal rate of DOC and UV254 were found to be higher in hydrophobic waters than hydrophilic waters. The width of ECR strongly depends on the characteristics of source water. The waters with hydrophobic ligand and higher UV254 values require more coagulant than hydrophilic waters to achieve the similar ZnO NPs and Zn2+ removal. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of ZnO NPs composite contaminant flocs indicated that the combined effect of enmeshment and charge neutralization might be a possible removal mechanism. These findings may facilitate the prediction of fate, transport, and removal of ZnO NPs in the natural waters, and might contribute to risk assessment, as well as decision making about engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in aquatic systems.

scholarly journals Removal of ZnO Nanoparticles from Natural Waters by Coagulation-Flocculation Process: Influence of Surfactant Type on Aggregation, Dissolution and Colloidal Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Inam ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Du Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism

The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and surfactants that are widely used in commercial and industrial products lead to the likelihood of their co-occurrence in natural water, making it essential to investigate the effect of surfactants on the fate and mobility of ZnO NPs. The present study seeks to elucidate the effect of an anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO), on ZnO NPs adsorption, aggregation, dissolution, and removal by the coagulation process. The results indicate that the presence of SDS in ZnO NPs suspension significantly reduced the ζ-potential and hydrodynamic diameter (HDD), while the effect of NPEO was found not to be significant. The sorption of SDS and NPEO by ZnO NPs were fitted with Langmuir model, but the Freundlich isotherm was more suitable for SDS at pH 9.0. Moreover, the adsorption was strongly pH-dependent due to the formation of mono-bilayer patches onto the NPs. The SDS remarkably affect the dissolution and aggregation phenomena of ZnO NPs in natural waters as compared to NPEO. Finally, the coagulation results showed that the removal efficiency of ZnO, Zn2+ and the surfactant in synthetic and wastewaters at optimum ferric chloride (FC) dosage reached around 85–98% and 20–50%, respectively. Coagulation mechanism investigation demonstrated that the cooperation of charge neutralization and adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF) might play an important role. In summary, this study may provide new insight into the environmental behavior of coexisting ZnO NPs and surfactants in water treatment processes, and it may facilitate their sustainable use in commercial products and processes.

scholarly journals Interaction between Persistent Organic Pollutants and ZnO NPs in Synthetic and Natural Waters

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Inam ◽  
Sarfaraz Khan ◽  
Du Park ◽  
Ick Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Ζ Potential ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aromatic Ether

The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDPEs) in different products and applications leads to the likelihood of their co-occurrence in the aquatic system, making it important to study the effect of PBDPEs on the fate and transport of ZnO NPs. In this study, we determine the influence of PBDPEs (BDPE-47 and BDPE-209) on the colloidal stability and physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs in different aqueous matrices. The results indicated the shift in ζ potential of ZnO NP from positive to negative in the presence of both PBDPEs in all tested waters; however, the effect on the NPs surface potential was specific to each water considered. The lower concentration of the PBDPEs (e.g., 0.5 mg/L) significantly reduced the ζ potential and hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) of ZnO NP, even in the presence of high content of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in both freshwater and industrial wastewater. Moreover, both BDPE-47 and BDPE-209 impede the agglomeration of ZnO NP in simple and natural media, even in the presence of monovalent and polyvalent cations. However, the effect of BDPE-47 on the ζ potential, HDD, and agglomeration of ZnO NP was more pronounced than that of BDPE-209 in all tested waters. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) further confirm the adsorption of PBDPEs onto ZnO NP surface via aromatic ether groups and Br elements. The findings of this study will facilitate a better understanding of the interaction behavior between the ZnO NPs and PBDPEs, which can reduce the exposure risk of aquatic organisms to both pollutants.

scholarly journals Mycosinthetized Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles from a promising Trichoderma harzianum strain and their antifungal potential against important phytopathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Fabiana Consolo ◽  
Andrés Torres-Nicolini ◽  
Vera Alejandra Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Extracellular Biosynthesis ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens

AbstractFungal green biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising eco-friendly method for mass-scale production. In the present study Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were biogenically synthetized using a cell filtrate of a strain of Trichoderma harzianum as a reducer and stabilizer agent. The structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of the NPs were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, wide angle X-ray scattering and thermogravimetric analysis. Since nanotechnology could offer promising applications in agricultural area, we evaluated the ability of the NPs to reduce the growth of important fungal phytopathogens as Alternaria alternata, Pyricularia oryzae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Silver and CuO NPs reduced significantly the mycelial growth of A. alternata and P. oryzae in a dose dependent manner. This is the first report of a multiple extracellular biosynthesis of NPs from T. harzianum and the first time that CuO and ZnO NPs were obtained from this fungus. In addition, we highlighted the rapid production of NPs, as well as, the potential of Ag and CuO for the control of phytopathogens. On the other hand, the three types of NPs could be easily and sustainably produced on a large scale with the chance of having multiple applications in biotechnological processes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants on the Colloidal Stability and Removal of CuO Nanoparticles from Water by Chemical Coagulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Inam ◽  
Sarfaraz Khan ◽  
Andrea Jiménez ◽  
Du Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Treatment Processes

The widespread use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and surfactants in various consumer products makes it likely that they coexist in aqueous environments, making it important to study the effects of surfactants on the fate and transport behavior of CuO NPs. The present study aims to investigate the influence of anionic sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO, Tergitol NP-9), on CuO NPs adsorption, aggregation, and removal from water by the coagulation process. The result of the sorption study indicates that both surfactants could be adsorbed on the surface of CuO NPs, and that SLS remarkably decreases the ζ potential as well as the hydrodynamic diameter (HDD) of CuO as compared to NP-9. The kinetic aggregation study showed that both SLS and NP-9 reduced the HDD of CuO NPs and retarded the settling rates at surfactant concentrations above 0.015% (w:v) over a 24 h-period. Moreover, enhanced aggregation of CuO NPs was observed in two environmental waters as compared to pure water, which could be related to their high ionic strength. The addition of surfactants in natural waters has been shown to reduce the aggregation and sedimentation of CuO; however, the reductive effect of SLS was more pronounced than that of NP-9. Finally, the coagulation results showed that the removal efficiencies of CuO, Cu2+, and the surfactant in all tested waters at optimum ferric chloride dosage reached around 98, 95, and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, the coagulation mechanism revealed that the combination of charge neutralization and adsorptive micellar flocculation (AMF) might be involved in the removal of both pollutants. The results of the present study provide new insight into the environmental behavior of coexisting NPs and surfactants in wastewater treatment processes.

Microwave Assisted ZnO Nanoparticles by Simple Precipitation Method: A Novel Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150010
Author(s):  
Lalita D. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Stated work consisted synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by the irradiation of microwaves. Material is formed by a simple chemical precipitation method by using Zinc Acetate Dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2[Formula: see text]2H2O) and Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as base chemicals in aqueous media for two different pH (12 and 14) values. This synthesis was carried out at room temperature. Synthesized NPs are dried in Microwave oven for 3 min of duration each. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the trend of incremental crystallinity upon increasing pH. XRD reveals the existence of (100), (002), (101), (102) and (110) reflections at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] two theta values, respectively. Crystallite size was determined by both Scherrer formula and W–H plot method. UV-Vis spectroscopy is utilized to probe the optical features of ZnO NPs. This confirms intrinsic excitonic transition properties of ZnO. UV absorbance shows decrement upon increasing pH value. Band gap depicts the decremental behavior upon increasing pH. Stated method is a novel and time saving method for ZnO NPs synthesis; a large scale production is also feasible by this method.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery Technology

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
S. Pragati ◽  
S. Kuldeep ◽  
S. Ashok ◽  
M. Satheesh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Solid Lipid

One of the situations in the treatment of disease is the delivery of efficacious medication of appropriate concentration to the site of action in a controlled and continual manner. Nanoparticle represents an important particulate carrier system, developed accordingly. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm and composed of macromolecular material. Nanoparticles could be polymeric or lipidic (SLNs). Industry estimates suggest that approximately 40% of lipophilic drug candidates fail due to solubility and formulation stability issues, prompting significant research activity in advanced lipophile delivery technologies. Solid lipid nanoparticle technology represents a promising new approach to lipophile drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are important advancement in this area. The bioacceptable and biodegradable nature of SLNs makes them less toxic as compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Supplemented with small size which prolongs the circulation time in blood, feasible scale up for large scale production and absence of burst effect makes them interesting candidates for study. In this present review this new approach is discussed in terms of their preparation, advantages, characterization and special features.

Stepwise Development of Biomimetic Chimeric Peptides for Gene Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-710
Author(s):  
Roya Cheraghi ◽  
Mahboobeh Nazari ◽  
Mohsen Alipour ◽  
Saman Hosseinkhani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Cationic Lipids ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stepwise Development ◽  
Chimeric Peptides

Gene-based therapy largely relies on the vector type that allows a selective and efficient transfection into the target cells with maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity. Although, genes delivered utilizing modified viruses transfect efficiently and precisely, these vectors can cause severe immunological responses and are potentially carcinogenic. A promising method of overcoming this limitation is the use of non-viral vectors, including cationic lipids, polymers, dendrimers, and peptides, which offer potential routes for compacting DNA for targeted delivery. Although non-viral vectors exhibit reduced transfection efficiency compared to their viral counterpart, their superior biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity and potential for large-scale production make them increasingly attractive for modern therapy. There has been a great deal of interest in the development of biomimetic chimeric peptides. Biomimetic chimeric peptides contain different motifs for gene translocation into the nucleus of the desired cells. They have motifs for gene targeting into the desired cell, condense DNA into nanosize particles, translocate the gene into the nucleus and enhance the release of the particle into the cytoplasm. These carriers were developed in recent years. This review highlights the stepwise development of the biomimetic chimeric peptides currently being used in gene delivery.

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