scholarly journals Mycotoxins—Prevention, Detection, Impact on Animal Health

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035
Author(s):  
Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik ◽  
Wioletta Biel
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Food Processes

Mycotoxins are defined as secondary metabolites of some species of mold fungi. They are present in many foods consumed by animals. Moreover, they most often contaminate products of plant and animal origin. Fungi of genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillum are most often responsible for the production of mycotoxins. They release toxic compounds that, when properly accumulated, can affect many aspects of breeding, such as reproduction and immunity, as well as the overall liver detoxification performance of animals. Mycotoxins, which are chemical compounds, are extremely difficult to remove due to their natural resistance to mechanical, thermal, and chemical factors. Modern methods of analysis allow the detection of the presence of mycotoxins and determine the level of contamination with them, both in raw materials and in foods. Various food processes that can affect mycotoxins include cleaning, grinding, brewing, cooking, baking, frying, flaking, and extrusion. Most feeding processes have a variable effect on mycotoxins, with those that use high temperatures having the greatest influence. Unfortunately, all these processes significantly reduce mycotoxin amounts, but they do not completely eliminate them. This article presents the risks associated with the presence of mycotoxins in foods and the methods of their detection and prevention.

scholarly journals Herbs in a sustainable animal nutrition

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Runjaic-Antic ◽  
S. Pavkov ◽  
J. Levic
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs

Animal has a direct impact on the quality of meat, milk and eggs in a positive and negative sense. Over the composition of a meal for animals can manipulate the quality of products of animal origin and can be achieved by a variety of nutritional, sensory, chemical, physical and physiological characteristics. The use of medicine in intensive and extensive farming is a big and risky to the quality of food and thus health. In organic farming of animals is not allowed to use medicines. Because are increasingly looking for natural healing resources. Herbs provides, in the manufacture of animal feed, a real opportunity to increase value through the use of different functional additions. Addition food for animals, really can improve its functionality in terms of a physiological effect. In developed countries in Europe is very strong trend of replacing synthetic antibiotic drugs based on medicinal herbal preparations. As herbal feed additives may be used drug (finely divided dry medicinal herbal raw materials), herbal extracts or herbal isolate (e.g. essential oil). The paper gives a short overview of the most important potential of herbal medicinal materials with antibacterial activity, antiinflammatory, digestion-stimulating, laxative, antidiarrhoeal, choleretic etc. activities that have an approved application in human medicine and which can be added to animal feed for use in different animal health disorders. The use of herbs is more current and all higher, in human and veterinary food industry.

scholarly journals Prion infections of animals: safety of food and medicinal raw materials of animal origin. Up-to-date data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Nadtochey ◽  
S.W. Vangeli
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellular Prion Protein ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Sheep Scrapie

Prion infections of humans and animals are absolutely fatal. The cellular prion protein retains its antigenicity during the transition to the prion isoform; therefore, animals affected by prions do not respond to them with defensive reactions in the form of inflammation and the production of antibodies, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease in vivo. In affected animals, prions accumulate in the nervous, lymphoreticular and muscle tissues and are released into the environment, in which they remain for many years. The resistance of prions to physical and chemical factors does not allow them to be inactivated in food by heat or radiation. Zoonoticity has been proven only for the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, to which sheep, goats and pigs are susceptible. Sheep scrapie and chronic wasting deer disease occur widely in natural conditions in the form of enzootics and are similar in many characteristics. The zoonotic nature of their pathogens has not been proven.

scholarly journals Additives in swine nutrition

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Zlatan Sinovec ◽  
Zivan Jokic ◽  
Dragan Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

To attain better feed utilization, longer preservation, easier manipultion and higher production and better quality of food of animal orgin as the final goal, besides raw materials, feed mixes contain numerous pronutrients (additives), added to perform different effects, in a narrower sense, the term pronutrient implies heterogenous substances, which have no diverse effects and have to be efficient in the manner of use. Basically, all pronutrients have to reach the goal of keeping optimal animal health status and to increase production of food of animal origin without adverse and negative effects. The development of biotechnology had a great part in the appearance of natural alternatives which are able to fulfil and satisfy the high demands of highly productive animals, as well as those of the consumer lobby and environmental protection movements. Growth promoters based upon physiological mechanisms and production potential of the animal have an unquestionable adventage, not only because of the lack of residues in food of animal origin; but also because of their ecological safety and decrease of envirnomental pollution by undigested materials. Demand continues to grow for "all natural", non-pharmaceutical feed additives with growth enhancing effects in food animals. Special attention is paid to minerals (anorganic and organic sources), growth stimulators (antibiotics, probiotics prebiotics), substances for better feed utilization (enzymes, acidifers) adsorbents.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

NON-TRADITIONAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS IN CREATING THE NEW TYPES OF FOOD PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Pavlovna Shevchenko ◽  
Marina Vasilevna Kaledina ◽  
Lyudmila Viktorovna Voloschenko ◽  
Alexander Ivanovich Shevchenko ◽  
Inna Alekseevna Baidina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Traditional Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

scholarly journals Colors and dyes of archaeological textiles from Tarapacá in the Atacama Desert (South Central Andes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Sepúlveda ◽  
Cecilia Lemp Urzúa ◽  
José Cárcamo-Vega ◽  
Edgar Casanova-Gónzalez ◽  
Sebastián Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Carminic Acid ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
South Central

AbstractThis work concerns the study of colors and dyes identified on archaeological textiles from the Atacama Desert. The different garments and ornaments come from the excavation of two important pre-Columbian cemeteries of the Tarapacá region: Tarapacá-40 attributed to the Formative period (1100 BC–660 AD) and Pica-8 to the Late Intermediate period (900–1450 AD). For the first time, a multi-analytical approach with non-invasive techniques using FORS and SERS was applied on samples of less than 2 cm of length for physicochemical characterization of the raw materials and the dyes employed in the textile production of northern Chile. The fibers are from animal origin. Blue, green, and yellow are identified as indigo, but we cannot discard a mixture with other dyes to vary hue and shade; while carminic acid and alizarin—to a lesser extent—are found on red, orange, and brown samples. This research provides new elements for the discussion about the textile technology developed in this desertic region, its changes, and continuities along the history. Our results are compared to recent findings on neighboring regions from South-Central Andes, to improve the current knowledge and discuss the existence of dyeing textile cultural traditions.

scholarly journals Mycotoxin Analysis: New Proposals for Sample Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares ◽  
José F. Huertas-Pérez ◽  
Ana M. García-Campaña ◽  
Laura Gámiz-Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Commodities

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by different fungi, with different chemical structures. Mycotoxins contaminate food, feed, or raw materials used in their production and cause diseases and disorders in humans and livestock. Because of their great variety of toxic effects and their extreme heat resistance, the presence of mycotoxins in food and feed is considered a high risk to human and animal health. In order to ensure food quality and health consumers, European legislation has set maximum contents of some mycotoxins in different matrices. However, there are still some food commodities susceptible to fungal contamination, which were not contemplated in this legislation. In this context, we have developed new analytical techniques for the multiclass determination of mycotoxins in a great variety of food commodities (some of them scarcely studied), such as cereals, pseudocereals, cereal syrups, nuts, edible seeds, and botanicals. Considering the latest technical developments, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry has been chosen as an efficient, fast, and selective powerful analytical technique. In addition, alternative sample treatments based on emerging methodologies, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and QuEChERS, have been developed, which allow an increased efficiency and sample throughput, as well as reducing contaminant waste.

The Main Stages of the Development of Incense Culture in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Elena E. Voytishek
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
New Age ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Aesthetic Attitude ◽  
Ritual Practices ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article provides an overview of the main stages and trends in the development of the incense culture of China from antiquity to the present day. It covers religious and magical rituals, sanitary and hygiene, traditional medicine, a set of spiritual, healing, artistic, and game practices and rituals of Taoist-Buddhist and Confucian character. In China, over several millennia, a colossal experience has been accumulated in terms of the use of aromatic raw materials of plant, mineral and animal origin: thousands of treatises and reference books have been written, the properties of individual incense and their combinations have been studied, detailed classifications have been drawn up and principles of religious cults and ritual practices have been developed. Along with the applied value of incense, an aesthetic attitude toward incense aromas also developed, which repeatedly ensured periods of rapid flourishing of incense culture in antiquity, the Middle Ages and on the cusp of the New Age. Currently, the traditional aromatic culture in China is experiencing a period of upsurge and revival. This provides ample opportunities for its study in various fields of knowledge, which indicates the relevance and multidimensional nature of the study of this topic.

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