Valorization of Waste Lignocellulose to Furfural by Sulfonated Biobased Heterogeneous Catalyst Using Ultrasonic-Treated Chestnut Shell Waste as Carrier

Recently, the highly efficient production of value-added biobased chemicals from available, inexpensive, and renewable biomass has gained more and more attention in a sustainable catalytic process. Furfural is a versatile biobased chemical, which has been widely used for making solvents, lubricants, inks, adhesives, antacids, polymers, plastics, fuels, fragrances, flavors, fungicides, fertilizers, nematicides, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. In this work, ultrasonic-treated chestnut shell waste (UTS-CSW) was utilized as biobased support to prepare biomass-based heterogeneous catalyst (CSUTS-CSW) for transforming waste lignocellulosic materials into furfural. The pore and surface properties of CSUTS-CSW were characterized with BET, SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. In toluene–water (2:1, v:v; pH 1.0), CSUTS-CSW (3.6 wt%) converted corncob into furfural yield in the yield of 68.7% at 180 °C in 15 min. CSUTS-CSW had high activity and thermostability, which could be recycled and reused for seven batches. From first to seventh, the yields were obtained from 68.7 to 47.5%. Clearly, this biobased solid acid CSUTS-CSW could be used for the sustainable conversion of waste biomasses into furfural, which had potential application in future.

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Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives by Phthalhydrazide-Functionalized TiO2-Coated Nano-Fe3O4 as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617999200807214103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Forough Motamedi Nia ◽

Mahnaz Farahi ◽

Bahador Karami ◽

Raziyeh Keshavarz

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Magnetic Nanocatalyst ◽

Chalcone Derivatives ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Nano Fe3o4

Abstract:: Phthalhydrazide immobilized on TiO2-coated nano Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-P) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS and VSM analysis. The resulting magnetic nanocatalyst was used as a catalyst for the synthesis of chalcone derivatives which affords the desired products in good to excellent yields. This catalyst can be isolated readily after completion of the reaction by an external magnetite field and reused several times without significant loss of activity.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Application of N,N-Dimethyl-N-Sulfoethan Ammonium tetra-Chloro Aluminate: A Novel micro-Heterogeneous Cata-lyst for Synthesis of tri-Arylmethanes

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617999200925205313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Saeid Azimi ◽

Niloofar Mohamadighader

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Aromatic Aldehydes ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Sem Images ◽

One Pot ◽

Acidic Catalyst ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Ft Ir

Abstract: A new solid catalyst was synthesized from an ionic liquid and heterogenised by changing anion reaction. The new heterogeneous acidic catalyst was characterized by SEM images, EDS analysis, AFM images, Ft-IR, HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass Spectroscopy. It was applied to synthesis of tri-arylmethanes throughout one-pot tri-component reactions among aromatic aldehydes, N,N-dimethylaniline and other carbonic nucleophiles such as anisole and indole. Hence, synthesis of convenient and inexpensive micro-heterogeneous catalyst was introduced, the efficiency of which was confirmed. Also, various useful products were synthesized throughout this simple and clean procedure.

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Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01993-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leila Khaleghipour ◽

Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽

Hamid Rashedi ◽

Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽

Andrius Jasilionis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Value Added ◽

Apparent Molecular Weight ◽

Bacillus Halodurans ◽

Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽

High Concentration ◽

Enzymatic Production ◽

Successful Separation ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractSugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0–0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10–30 min and 50–150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.

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Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9071234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1234

Author(s):

Zhiwei Jiang ◽

Di Hu ◽

Zhiyue Zhao ◽

Zixiao Yi ◽

Zuo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Catalytic System ◽

Levulinic Acid ◽

Value Added ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Alternative Route ◽

Catalytic Systems ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

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Clinoptilolite as a natural, active zeolite catalyst for the chemical transformations of geraniol

Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis ◽

10.1007/s11144-021-02027-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Fajdek-Bieda ◽

Agnieszka Wróblewska ◽

Piotr Miądlicki ◽

Jadwiga Tołpa ◽

Beata Michalkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Carbon Chain ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Transformations ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Catalyst Content ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Instrumental Methods

AbstractThis work presented the studies with the natural zeolite—clinoptilolite as the catalyst for the isomerization of geraniol. During the research, it turned out that the studied process is much more complicated, and not only isomerization takes place in it, but also dehydration, oxidation, dimerization, cyclization and fragmentation of the carbon chain. Geraniol is an organic raw material which can be obtained not only by a chemical synthesis but also from plants (renewable biomass) by distillation or extraction method, for example a source of geraniol can be a plant—geranium. Before catalytic tests clinoptilolite was characterized by the instrumental methods, such as: XRD, porosity studies—nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, SEM, EDXRF, and FT-IR. Gas chromatography analyses showed that the main products of geraniol isomerization process were 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol. The selectivity of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol depended on the temperature, catalyst content and reaction time. These parameters were changed in the following ranges: 80–150 °C (temperature), 5–15 wt% (catalyst content) and 15–1440 min. (reaction time). The most favorable conditions for 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol obtaining were: temperature 140 ºC, catalyst content 12.5 wt% and reaction time 180 min. At these conditions, the conversion of geraniol amounted to 98 mol%, and the selectivities of 6,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol and thumbergol amounted to 14 and 47 mol%, respectively.

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Overview of nanocellulose as additives in paper processing and paper products

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2021-0023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 264-281

Author(s):

Ao Li ◽

Dezhong Xu ◽

Lu Luo ◽

Yalan Zhou ◽

Wen Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effects ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Value Added ◽

Environmental Concerns ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Efficient Utilization ◽

Paper Recycling ◽

Rapid Economic Growth ◽

Recycled Fibers ◽

Value Added Products

Abstract The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.

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Insights on the Advancements of In Silico Metabolic Studies of Succinic Acid Producing Microorganisms: A Review with Emphasis on Actinobacillus succinogenes

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Wubliker Dessie ◽

Zongcheng Wang ◽

Xiaofang Luo ◽

Meifeng Wang ◽

Zuodong Qin

Keyword(s):

Succinic Acid ◽

In Silico ◽

Value Added ◽

Research Progress ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Actinobacillus Succinogenes ◽

Cell Factories ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Critical Problems

Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top candidate value-added chemicals that can be produced from biomass via microbial fermentation. A considerable number of cell factories have been proposed in the past two decades as native as well as non-native SA producers. Actinobacillus succinogenes is among the best and earliest known natural SA producers. However, its industrial application has not yet been realized due to various underlying challenges. Previous studies revealed that the optimization of environmental conditions alone could not entirely resolve these critical problems. On the other hand, microbial in silico metabolic modeling approaches have lately been the center of attention and have been applied for the efficient production of valuable commodities including SA. Then again, literature survey results indicated the absence of up-to-date reviews assessing this issue, specifically concerning SA production. Hence, this review was designed to discuss accomplishments and future perspectives of in silico studies on the metabolic capabilities of SA producers. Herein, research progress on SA and A. succinogenes, pathways involved in SA production, metabolic models of SA-producing microorganisms, and status, limitations and prospects on in silico studies of A. succinogenes were elaborated. All in all, this review is believed to provide insights to understand the current scenario and to develop efficient mathematical models for designing robust SA-producing microbial strains.

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Industry 4.0 and Developing Countries: Innovation Perspective of Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh

International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology - RTT2020 ◽

10.46501/ijmtst060615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Amrut Rao ◽

Ravindra Pathak ◽

Ashraf Mahmud Rayed

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Global Economy ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Technological Development ◽

Value Added ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Intelligent Manufacturing ◽

Smart Manufacturing ◽

Efficient Production

Ethiopia, India and Bangladesh are raising economic power, but have not yet integrated very much with the global economy and still have not achieved their potential in context of technology, globalization, and international competitiveness like developed countries. These countries have much strength, but at the same time , are facing many challenges in the increasingly competitive and fast changing global economy. The main key strengths of these courtiers are their large domestic market, young and growing population, a strong private sector with experience in market institutions, and a well developed legal and financial system. In today’s environment of global competition, technological development and innovation; companies, especially manufacturing, are forced to reconfigure their manufacturing and management processes. Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing are part of a transformation, in which manufacturing and information technologies have been integrated to create innovative systems of manufacturing, management and ways of doing business. This system allows optimizing manufacturing, to achieve greater flexibility, efficient production processes and generate a value added proposal for their customers, as well as to provide a timely response to their market needs. The objective of this work is to explore the Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, environment requirement and relation of innovation in perspective of developing countries.

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Combining acid-based deep eutectic solvents and microwave irradiation for improved chestnut shell waste valorization

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1gc03450b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José González-Rivera ◽

Angelica Mero ◽

Elena Husanu ◽

Andrea Mezzetta ◽

Carlo Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Waste Valorization ◽

Simultaneous Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Chestnut Shell ◽

Shell Waste ◽

Key Features

Key features of the deep eutectic solvent-microwave assisted simultaneous extraction of polyphenols and delignification pretreatment of chestnut shell waste are presented.

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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH FE3O4

Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia ◽

10.17146/jsmi.2021.22.3.6310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Bernadeta Ayu Widyaningrum ◽

Dita Apriani ◽

Putri Amanda ◽

Ismadi Ismadi ◽

Sutanto Sutanto

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrum ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Shell Waste ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Co Precipitation

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH Fe3O4. In this study, GO-Fe3O4 were fabricated by co-precipitation technique and the graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized from an agricultural biomass, palm kernel shell, via Hummer’s method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (FESEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy were used to analysis the successful attachment of Fe3O4 onto the surface of GO. Morphology observation showed that Fe3O4 were heterogeneously deposited on the surface of GO. FT-IR spectra shows peak that incorporated to oxygenated functional groups and sharp peak at 586 cm-1 confirmed to lattice absorption of Fe3O4. The percentage of composition of GO-Fe3O4 was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy and the results also confirmed in XRD exhibits similar properties with JCPDS 19-0629 for magnetite more dominant than GO. From Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that 1343.82 cm-1 (D-band) and 1584.62 cm-1 (G-band) and 2698 cm-1 (2D-band) indicates GO and GO-Fe3O4 were successfully synthesized.

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