Effects of a Supplementary Strength-Power Training Program on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes

AIM: This study examined the effects of a high-intensity, short-duration supplementary strength-power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills of young female “Gymnastics for All” athletes. MATERIAL & METHOD: Twenty-four female “Gymnastics for all” athletes aged 13 ± 2 years, with at least two years of competitive-level training experience, took part in this study. Participants were divided into training (TG, n = 13) and control groups (CG, n = 11), who completed the same 3-day per week gymnastics training program over 10 weeks, with the TG completing a supplementary 7–9 min long strength-power program at the end of each training session. This training program consisted of two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1-min rest between rounds. The exercises used included plyometrics for upper and lower body using body weight resistance, as well as strength-power exercises using elastic bands and light kettle bells. Participants performed each exercise at maximum voluntary effort, as fast and as hard as possible. Initially, six different exercises were performed per round (15 s work and 15 s rest), while the number of exercises per round was gradually decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (with 30 s rest). Data were analyzed using mixed-model 2-way ANOVA (group × time). RESULTS: After 10 weeks of training the TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (by 11.9 ± 2.8%, p = 0.001) and two legs (by 7.1 ± 2.7%, p = 0.026), drop jump performance (by 11.9 ± 2.8%, p = 0.002), single-leg jumping agility (by 12.9 ± 1.5%, p = 0.001), sport-specific performance, i.e., repeated rondats (by 8.2 ± 2.1%, p = 0.004), but not 10-m sprint performance (2.5 ± 1.7%, p = 0.23). There was no change in these neuromuscular performance parameters in the CG (p = 0.13 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that this supplementary strength-power program performed for only 7–9 min at the end of each session improved neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.

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Effects of Supplementary Strength–Power Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports8080104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Konstantina Karagianni ◽

Olyvia Donti ◽

Christos Katsikas ◽

Gregory C. Bogdanis

Keyword(s):

Female Athletes ◽

Training Group ◽

Young Female ◽

Control Group ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Power Training ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Neuromuscular Performance ◽

Specific Performance ◽

Before And After

This study examined the effects of a short-duration supplementary strength–power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills in adolescent athletes. Twenty-three female “Gymnastics for All” athletes, aged 13 ± 2 years, were divided into a training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a test battery before and after 10 weeks of intervention. TG completed, in addition to gymnastics training, a supplementary 7–9 min program that included two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms, torso, and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1 min rest between rounds, three times per week. Initially, six exercises were performed (15 s work–15 s rest), while the number of exercises was decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (30 s rest) after the fifth week. TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (11.5% ± 10.4%, p = 0.002) and two legs (8.2% ± 8.8%, p = 0.004), drop jump performance (14.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.038), single-leg jumping agility (13.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.001), and sport-specific performance (8.8% ± 7.4%, p = 0.004), but not 10 m sprint performance (2.4% ± 6.6%, p = 0.709). No change was observed in the CG (p = 0.41 to 0.97). The results of this study indicated that this supplementary strength–power program performed for 7–9 min improves neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.

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Effects of Slackline Training on Acceleration, Agility, Jump Performance and Postural Control in Youth Soccer Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2018-0078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 235-245

Author(s):

Javier Fernández-Rio ◽

Luis Santos ◽

Benjamín Fernández-García ◽

Roberto Robles ◽

Iván Casquero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Training Program ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Training Session ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Control Group ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Squat Jump

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the effects of a supervised slackline training program in a group of soccer players. Thirty-four male division I under-19 players (16.64 ± 0.81 years) agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The first group (EG) followed a 6-week supervised slackline training program (3 sessions/week; 5-9 min/session), while the CG performed only regular soccer training. Several variables were assessed in all participants: acceleration (20-m sprint test), agility (90º turns test), jump performance (squat jump, countermovement jump), and postural control (Center of Pressure ( CoP) testing: length, area, speed, Xmean, Ymean, Xspeed, Yspeed, Xdeviation, Ydeviation). Ratings of perceived exertion and local muscle ratings of perceived exertions were also recorded after each slackline training session. At post-tests, there was a significant increase only in the EG in acceleration, agility, squat jump and countermovement jump performance, as well as several CoP variables: area in the bipedal support on a firm surface, and length, area and speed in the left leg on a firm surface. The program was rated as “somewhat hard” by the players, while quadriceps, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior were the most exerted muscles while slacklining. In conclusion, slackline training can be an effective training tool for young, high-level soccer players.

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THE EFFECTS OF A SPECIFIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE KINEMATIC PARAMETERS OF THE JUMP SHOT AMONG ELITE FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS

Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport ◽

10.22190/fupes191001044m ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 507

Author(s):

Kristina Marković

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Training Session ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Specific Training ◽

Kinematic Parameters ◽

Training Experience ◽

Ball Flight ◽

The Republic ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of an eight-week specific training program on the kinematic parameters of the jump shot at 9m from the goal, among elite female handball players. The sample of participants consisted of 30 female handball players (height: 1.73±0.08 m; mass: 69±8.9 kg; body mass index-BMI 22.9±2 kg/m2; training experience: 12.3±6.2 yrs), competing in the first national handball league of the Republic of Serbia. The research was longitudinal in nature, with an initial and final measuring. The experimental treatment included a 30 min replication of the regular training session, with specifically designed exercises (work with medicine balls, stabilizer training, and strength training in a gym). 12 kinematic variables of the jump shop were analyzed using the Kinovea software program, ver. 0.8.2. The analysis of covariance and the effect size (ES) determined a positive effect of the specific program on the kinematic parameters of the jump shot, especially on the variables of height and maximal ball flight velocity.

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The Influence of Different Training Conditions on the Kinematics of Long Jump-Specific Exercise in Young Female Jumpers

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism ◽

10.1515/pjst-2015-0032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 241-246

Author(s):

Hubert Makaruk ◽

Andrzej Mastalerz ◽

Marcin Starzak ◽

Mariusz Buszta

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Young Female ◽

The Body ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Training Conditions ◽

System A ◽

Movement Characteristics ◽

Long Jump ◽

Key Variables

Abstract Introduction. This study examined the changes in the kinematic parameters of long jump-specific technical exercise performed in different training conditions. Material and methods. The study involved a group of young female athletes who volunteered to participate in the research. The key variables for long jump performance were measured using the Xsens MVN system. A three-way ANOVA (general linear model with repeated measures; factors: surface × hurdle × number of jumps) was used to determine if significant differences existed between the testing conditions. Results. The main finding of this study was that the tartan surface resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) greater velocities of the centre of mass of the body (CM) or parts of the athlete’s body than the grass surface. The second important finding was that the hurdles condition provided significantly (p < 0.05) greater velocity of the CM when landing and shorter contact time compared to the condition without hurdles. Conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that technical exercise should be performed on harder surfaces such as a tartan track rather than softer ones (e.g. grass) due to more beneficial movement characteristics and greater potential for the automaticity of movement during specific training tasks.

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The Effects of a Maximal Power Training Cycle on the Strength, Maximum Power, Vertical Jump Height and Acceleration of High-Level 400-Meter Hurdlers

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2013-0012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández ◽

Carlos Mª Tejero-González ◽

Juan del Campo-Vecino ◽

Dionisio Alonso-Curiel

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Training Session ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Jump Height ◽

Power Training ◽

Vertical Jump Height ◽

Training Cycle ◽

Power Load ◽

High Level

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a power training cycle on maximum strength, maximum power, vertical jump height and acceleration in seven high-level 400-meter hurdlers subjected to a specific training program twice a week for 10 weeks. Each training session consisted of five sets of eight jump-squats with the load at which each athlete produced his maximum power. The repetition maximum in the half squat position (RM), maximum power in the jump-squat (W), a squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CSJ), and a 30-meter sprint from a standing position were measured before and after the training program using an accelerometer, an infra-red platform and photocells. The results indicated the following statistically significant improvements: a 7.9% increase in RM (Z=-2.03, p=0.021, δc=0.39), a 2.3% improvement in SJ (Z=-1.69, p=0.045, δc=0.29), a 1.43% decrease in the 30-meter sprint (Z=-1.70, p=0.044, δc=0.12), and, where maximum power was produced, a change in the RM percentage from 56 to 62% (Z=-1.75, p=0.039, δc=0.54). As such, it can be concluded that strength training with a maximum power load is an effective means of increasing strength and acceleration in high-level hurdlers.

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Training programs for female weightlifters aged 16-18 years in an annual macrocycle that take into account the diff erences between weight categories

Science in Olympic Sport ◽

10.32652/olympic2018.2_3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Valentin Oleshko ◽

Viktor Slobodianiuk

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Training Programs ◽

Young Female ◽

Training Load ◽

Survey Method ◽

Training Methods ◽

Basic Training ◽

General Physical ◽

Physical Preparation

Objective. To improve the training process of skilled weightlifters of diff erent sports schools within an annual macrocycle taking into account the diff erences between the groups of weight categories at the stage of specialized basic training. Methods. Аnalysis of scientifi c and methodological literature, analysis and synthesis of indicators of training work, questionnaire survey, method of calculating the training load (according to V.G. Oleshko), pedagogical observations and experiments, control testing of the morphofunctional state (anthropometry and electronic caliperometry) and physical preparedness (using the general physical preparation and specialized physical preparation tests), methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The training loads of female weightlifters of diff erent groups of weight categories of the major sports schools of Ukraine in different mesocycles of the annual macrocycle have signifi cant diff erences in the load volumes, fi rst of all, between athletes of the light and heavy weight categories, and also diff er from the standards of the current curriculum for the Children and Youth Sports Schools. The training load indices for diff erent groups of exercises (snatches, clean and jerks, rows, squats, presses and others) tend to change in young weightlifters aged 16-18 years. The training loads of the female athletes were the lowest in the competitive (by 17.4%) and in the control-preparatory mesocycles (by 15.3%) compared to the base mesocycles as this is due to their preparation for competitive starts. Positive changes in the measures of the morphofunctional condition and in the results of control tests of general and specialized physical preparation, as well as the growth of sports performance (in snatch, clean and jerk, and total combined) among the athletes of major sports schools of Ukraine confi rmed the high effi ciency of the training program for middleweight female weightlifters in weightlifting training centers of Kharkiv, Ternopil, and Donetsk regions. The program can serve as a model for the development of a diff erentiated training program for young female weightlifters in Ukraine. Conclusion. The studies allowed us to recommend the training programs as a basis for designing a diff erentiated training program of annual macrocycle for female athletes of diff erent weight categories and the corresponding age, at the stage of specialized basic training.

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The Effect of a Coordination Training Program on the Performance of Basic Handball Skills among Young Female Athletes

Journal of Applied Sports Science ◽

10.21608/jass.2014.84782 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 85-88

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Young Female ◽

Coordination Training

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Superior 2-Year Functional Outcomes Among Young Female Athletes After ACL Reconstruction in Just 10 Post-Operative Return-to-Sport Training Sessions

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967119s00351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽

pp. 2325967119S0035

Author(s):

Jacob John Capin ◽

Mathew Failla ◽

Angela H. Smith ◽

Ryan Zarzycki ◽

Celeste Dix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcomes ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Young Female ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Perturbation Training ◽

Text Figure

Objectives: Outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are not uniformly acceptable and are worse among young female athletes. Developing better rehabilitation and return-to-sport (RTS) training programs and evaluating their outcomes are essential. The purposes of this study were to: 1) Test the effect of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention (SAPP) exercises with and without perturbation training (SAPP+PERT) on strength, hops, functional outcomes, activity levels, and RTS rates in young female athletes 1 and 2 years after ACLR; and 2) Compare 2-year functional outcomes and activity levels among young female athletes in the ACL-SPORTS trial to homogeneous cohorts who completed criterion-based post-operative rehabilitation alone (MOON) and in combination with extended pre-operative rehabilitation (DE-Oslo). We hypothesized that SAPP+PERT would result in superior outcomes compared to SAPP alone; and female athletes who structured completed post-operative RTS training, compared to those who did not, would have higher functional outcomes. Methods: Aim 1 is a randomized control trial (NCT01773317) while aim 2 is a cohort study. For aim 1, we enrolled 39 female athletes, based on power calculations described previously. Athletes were enrolled 3-9 months after primary ACLR when they achieved impairment resolution. Participants were randomized to 10 SAPP or SAPP+PERT sessions (˜2x/week) and tested 1 and 2 years after ACLR on quadriceps strength, 4 hop tests, functional outcome measures, and RTS rates. We used 2x2 mixed-model ANOVA to test aim 1 (α = 0.05). Secondary to no group differences, we collapsed across SAPP and SAPP+PERT for aim 2. We applied inclusion/exclusion criteria and constrained sex (female) and age (13 to < 25 years) to compare these athletes who received post-operative RTS training (ACL-SPORTS) to homogeneous subsets who completed criterion-based post-operative rehabilitation alone (MOON) and combined with extended pre-operative rehabilitation (DE-Oslo) on 2-yr outcomes: the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Marx Activity Rating Scale. We tested aim 2 using 3-way ANOVA and Chi-Square test of proportions to compare the proportion of individuals in each group who met the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds. Results: There were no significant or clinically meaningful differences between SAPP and SAPP+PERT; groups were collapsed for comparison to the other cohorts. ACL-SPORTS had the highest scores on every outcome (Table 1). A higher proportion of ACL-SPORTS achieved the PASS thresholds for the IKDC, KOOS Activities of Daily Living, and KOOS Sport and Recreation (Fig 1, p ≤ .01). Conclusion: Our 1st hypothesis, that the addition of perturbation training would result in superior clinical and functional outcomes, was not supported. Our 2nd hypothesis, that a structured RTS training program would improve outcomes over existing cohorts, was supported. Post-operative RTS training incorporating strengthening, agilities, and plyometrics but not necessarily perturbation training, may improve functional outcomes and activity levels among young female athletes after ACLR. We provide a prototype for RTS training that would be feasible to implement into group or non-clinical environments. Future RCTs should assess the comparative effectiveness of RTS training in various settings. [Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

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