scholarly journals Quantifying Gas Emissions and Denitrifying Genes in a Salt-Affected Soil

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Minh ◽  
Warneke ◽  
Bissett ◽  
Cao ◽  
Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cumulative Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Salt Affected Soil ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Salinity effects on microbial community relative to greenhouse gas emissions are not well understood in salt-affected soils. A better understanding of this interaction would be useful for agricultural practices to reduce nitrogen gas losses and manage environmental pollution. We hypothesized that elevated salinity would increase the abundance of denitrifier genes resulting in a low rate of gas emissions. Objectives of this study were to measure induced-soil greenhouse gas emissions and to quantify denitrifying genes in a salt-affected soil over a 3-week incubation period. This incubation study was conducted by submerging field-moist samples of an acid sulphate soil in different saline solutions. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the abundance of resident bacterial denitrification genes in the salt-affected soil. It was found that increased salinity caused a decrease in both flux and cumulative emission of N2O from the incubated soil, relative to fresh water. Soil respiration was significantly reduced in salinity treatments compared to the treatment of distilled water. The study results showed that elevated salinity increased the denitrifying genes in the incubated acid sulfate soil. The abundance of the nir genes was usually high between the first and second week of incubation, while number copies of the nosZ gene were significantly low at those times. The study concludes that salinity controls the biological aspects of denitrification leading to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Findings from this investigation extend our knowledge about the underlying molecular ecological mechanisms of denitrification that manage nitrogen cycling in salt-affected soils.

No evidence that earthworms increase soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) in the presence of plants and soil-moisture fluctuations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Ganault ◽  
Johanne Nahmani ◽  
Yvan Capowiez ◽  
Isabelle Bertrand ◽  
Bruno Buatois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Gas Emissions

<p>Accelerating climate change and biodiversity loss calls for agricultural practices that can sustain productivity with lower greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining biodiversity. Biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices have been shown to increase earthworm populations, but according to a recent meta-analyses, earthworms could increase soil CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 33 and 42%, respectively. However, to date, many studies reported idiosyncratic and inconsistent effects of earthworms on greenhouse gases, indicating that the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we report the effects of earthworms (anecic, endogeic and their combination) with or without plants on CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in the presence of soil-moisture fluctuations from a mesocosms experiment. The experimental set-up was explicitly designed to account for the engineering effect of earthworms (i.e. burrowing) and investigate the consequences on soil macroporosity, soil water dynamic, and microbial activity. We found that plants reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 19.80% and that relative to the no earthworm control, the cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were 17.04, 34.59 and 44.81% lower in the anecic, both species and endogeic species, respectively. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were not significantly affected by the plants or earthworms but depended on the interaction between earthworms and soil water content, an interaction that was also observed for the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Soil porosity variables measured by X-ray tomography suggest that the earthworm effects on CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were mediated by the burrowing patterns affecting the soil aeration and water status. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions decreased with the volume occupied by macropores in the deeper soil layer, whereas CO<sub>2</sub> emissions decreased with the macropore volume in the top soil layer. This study suggests that experimental setups without plants and in containers where the earthworm soil engineering effects via burrowing and casting on soil water status are minimized may be responsible, at least in part, for the reported positive earthworm effects on greenhouse gases.</p>

scholarly journals Microbial trait-based approaches for agroecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha M.B. Krause ◽  
Stefan Bertilsson ◽  
Hans-Peter Grossart ◽  
Paul L.E. Bodelier ◽  
Peter van Bodegom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Gas Emissions

Conventional agricultural practices negatively impact soil biodiversity, carbon stocks, and greenhouse gas emissions in ways that make them unsustainable for supporting future supply of food and fiber. Better management of agrobiodiversity will likely play a critical role in transitioning towards more sustainable practices. In particular, innovation and developments targeting the aboveground and belowground components of agroecosystems should be informed by frameworks and approaches that harness the –in particular functional– diversity of complex microbial communities. Here, we review and discuss microbial trait-based approaches that will help us understand and steer agroecosystem functioning in the face of global change. We highlight how trait-based approaches can improve agricultural practices related to soil functioning (e.g. soil fertility and aggregation); climate regulation (e.g. carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions) and adaptation to climate change; plant health; and reduction of contaminant-related hazards for human health. We also consider how microbial trait-based approaches can be used as a tool to improve cultivated plant performance through artificial selection and microbiome engineering. Last, we discuss the inherent obstacles associated with the development and implementation of trait-based approaches owing to strong interactions within microbial communities and linkages between plants and the soil environment. Despite these obstacles, microbial trait-based approaches hold promise for the sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems needed to feed and nourish a rapidly growing human population.

scholarly journals The RothC Model to Complement Life Cycle Analyses: A Case Study of an Italian Olive Grove

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Valentina Fantin ◽  
Alessandro Buscaroli ◽  
Patrizia Buttol ◽  
Elisa Novelli ◽  
Cristian Soldati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Rothc Model

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a fundamental role in soil health, and its storage in soil is an important element to mitigate climate change. How to include this factor in Life Cycle Assessment studies has been the object of several papers and is still under discussion. SOC storage has been proposed as an additional environmental information in some applications of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF). In the framework of wider activity aimed at producing the PEF of olive oil, the RothC model was applied to an olive cultivation located in Lazio region (Italy) to calculate the SOC storage and assess four scenarios representing different agricultural practices. RothC applicability, possible use of its results for improving product environmental performance, and relevance of SOC storage in terms of CO2eq compared to greenhouse gas emissions of the life-cycle of olive oil are discussed in this paper. According to the results, in all scenarios, the contribution in terms of CO2eq associated with SOC storage is remarkable compared to the total greenhouse gas emissions of the olive oil life-cycle. It is the opinion of the authors that the calculation of the SOC balance allows a more proper evaluation of the agricultural products contribution to climate change, and that the indications of the scenarios analysis are useful to enhance the environmental performance of these products. The downside is that the application of RothC requires additional data collection and expertise if compared to the execution of PEF studies.

scholarly journals Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices in Ethiopia: Implications of Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Review Paper

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakshum Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Ghg Reduction

This paper aimed to assess climate-smart agricultural practices in Ethiopia, discuss the contribution of climate-smart agricultural practices for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, and examine determinant factors of climate-smart agricultural practices in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility management, agroforestry, crop diversification, and improved livestock feed and feeding practices are among the best climate-smart agricultural practices in Ethiopia. Combination of the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices such as no-tillage increased crop diversity and retaining crop residue on-farm have a mitigation potential of increased SOC in non-flooded crops that change in a significant ton of CO2e ha-1 year-1. In addition, a mitigation potential of CH4 in reduced irrigation of paddy rice farms was also changed in ton CO2e ha-1 year-1. It was found that productivity enhancing interventions in the tropics could reduce emission intensity in dairy systems by up to 0.9 t CO2e per milk. Agroforestry practices and the addition of organic fertilizers on the farm increased mitigation potential of 784093 t CO2e and 193050 t CO2e biomass of carbon and SOC per year respectively. Adoptions of climate-smart agricultural practices are affected by different factors such as farming factors, technology inaccessibility, environmental factors, policy design and social expertise, negative attitudes and motivations of farmers, farmers’ socio-demographic factors, and farmers' socioeconomic factors. To reverse the situation, preparation of targeted climate-smart agricultural practices to areas that are likely to provide the greatest GHG reduction potential and demonstration of these practices to other areas should be encouraged so that other farmers will learn for similar agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Ukrainian Involvement in the Global Ecological Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Natalia Vasylieva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Basic Source

Greenhouse gas emission is a global ecological challenge since it affects climate change and complicates providing food security. Each country ought to care about mitigating Greenhouse gas emissions including CH4 and N2O originated from agriculture. In this context, first, the performed research focused on Ukrainian ranking among the world Greenhouse gas emitters offering a multi-criteria evaluation of total Greenhouse gas quantities in CO2 equivalent, those ones per capita and per km2 of countries’ land territories. These indictors were also applied to visual comparing involvement of Ukrainian economy and its agriculture in the international Greenhouse gas emissions. Second, to explore agricultural Greenhouse gas emission at the domestic level we studied regional contributions by basic source categories such as enteric fermentation, manure management, and synthetic fertilizers. The proposed horizontal and vertical analyses allow clarifying regional management priorities in reducing Greenhouse gas emissions. Third, for this purpose the conducted investigation specified the EU Member States which match Ukrainian condition by shares of Greenhouse gas emissions and outputs in animal and crop sectors. The found patterns will be the most reliable vectors of adopting effective agricultural practices beneficial for the environment protection and mitigating influence over climate change.

Reframing the climate change challenge in light of post-2000 emission trends

2008 ◽  
Vol 366 (1882) ◽  
pp. 3863-3882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Anderson ◽  
Alice Bows
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cumulative Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
Global Agreement

The 2007 Bali conference heard repeated calls for reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 50 per cent by 2050 to avoid exceeding the 2°C threshold. While such endpoint targets dominate the policy agenda, they do not, in isolation, have a scientific basis and are likely to lead to dangerously misguided policies. To be scientifically credible, policy must be informed by an understanding of cumulative emissions and associated emission pathways. This analysis considers the implications of the 2°C threshold and a range of post-peak emission reduction rates for global emission pathways and cumulative emission budgets. The paper examines whether empirical estimates of greenhouse gas emissions between 2000 and 2008, a period typically modelled within scenario studies, combined with short-term extrapolations of current emissions trends, significantly constrains the 2000–2100 emission pathways. The paper concludes that it is increasingly unlikely any global agreement will deliver the radical reversal in emission trends required for stabilization at 450 ppmv carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e). Similarly, the current framing of climate change cannot be reconciled with the rates of mitigation necessary to stabilize at 550 ppmv CO 2 e and even an optimistic interpretation suggests stabilization much below 650 ppmv CO 2 e is improbable.

scholarly journals Carbon footprint inventory of rubber industry in two phases planting and processing in Binh Duong province

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Dung Minh Ho ◽  
Giang Le Nhat Tran
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Rubber Block

With the objective of assessing the current greenhouse gas emissions and proposing solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from planting and processing of rubber industry in Binh Duong province, the study using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method combined with instructions of IPCC (2006), the study has done the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in plantation and processing plants in 11 plantations and 03 processing plants of Dau Tieng Rubber Co.Ltd, Binh Duong province. The results showed that emissions in plantation is 1,038.2 kg C/ton product, 91.5% to 94.6% from the total emissions of the products; emissions of rubber blocks from latex is 1,134.7 kg C/ton product; emissions of rubber block from latex condensed is 1,098.0 kg C/ton product; emissions of latex concentrated is 1,110.8 kg C/ton product; emissions of skim block is 1,123.9 kg C/ton product. In addition, the study also proposes measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in plantation and processing plant. The measures is mainl focused on changing the way of using fertilizers, increased efficiency of using urea in rubber trees and reduce the amount of fertilizer containing urea /nitrogen. Study results will help managers and enterprises control greenhouse gas emissions from rubber latex processing industry in Binh Duong province.

scholarly journals Application of Nitrogen Fertilizers and Its Effect on Timeliness of Fertilizers Decomposition Resulting in Lost of Nitrogen Through Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Koloman Krištof ◽  
Tomáš Šima ◽  
Ladislav Nozdrovický ◽  
Ján Jobbágy ◽  
Jan Mareček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate

Fertilizers are an important tool to maintain soil fertility and as an enhancement for the efficient crop production. The system of fertilizers application affects the final dose and commonly causes local overdosing or insuficient spatial distribution of fertilizers which are a very important source of nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) from the soil into the atmospher observation of such phenomenon are among the key factors defining environmental impacts of agriculture. A study was conducted to observe the effect of application dose of fertilizer on N2O emission from the soil. CAN (Calcium ammonium nitrate – consist of 27 % nitrogen) was spread by a fertiliser spreader Kuhn Axera 1102 H-EMC aggregated with a tractor John Deere 6150 M. Incorporation of fertilizer into the soil was done by power harrow Pöttinger Lion 302. The application dose was set at 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha–1 while monitoring points were selected at the base of this application doses in respective places. Measurements were conducted at time intervals 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fertiliser application and following incorporation. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured by field gas monitor set INNOVA consisting of a photoacoustic gas monitor INNOVA 1412 and a multipoint sampler INNOVA 1309. Statistically significant differences was found among time intervals and among the application dose (p > 0.05). It was observed that the application dose of selected fertilizers has the direct effect on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions released from soil into the atmosphere. An increase of greenhouse gas emissions was observed in range from 0.83 to 152.33 %. It can be concluded that the local overdose of fertilizers negatively affects environmental impact of agricultural practices at greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs).

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