scholarly journals Comparison of Properties with Relevance for the Automotive Sector in Mechanically Recycled and Virgin Polypropylene

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Abdelhak Ladhari ◽  
Esra Kucukpinar ◽  
Henning Stoll ◽  
Sven Sängerlaub
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Recycling Potential ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

Polypropylene (PP) has a high recycling potential. However, the properties of mechanically recycled PP (R-PP) have not been fully compared to those of virgin PP (V-PP). Therefore, in this study, properties of R-PP and V-PP were compared using data from recyclers, virgin plastic suppliers, and the literature. The properties of recyclates could not be directly correlated either with the properties of the virgin polymers from which the recyclates were made or the recycling parameters. It was found that the MFR of R-PP was higher; MFR R-PP had a median value (m) of 11 g/10 min while MFR V-PP had a median value of 6.3 g/10 min (at 230 °C and with 2.16 kg). In terms of mechanical properties, in many cases R-PP exhibited stiffer and more brittle behavior, with a slightly higher Young’s modulus (ER-PP = 1400 and EV-PP = 1200 MPa), a reduced elongation at break (ɛbR-PP = 4 l.-% and ɛbV-PP = 83 l.-%), and notched charpy impact strength (NCISR-PP = 4.8 and NCISV-PP = 7.5 kJ/m2). However, the values for every property had a broad distribution. In addition to existing information from the literature, our research sheds fresh light on the variation of the characteristics of recycled polypropylenes presently on the market.

scholarly journals Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Bianka Nagy ◽  
Norbert Miskolczi ◽  
Zoltán Eller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

The aim of this research was to increase the compatibility between PLA and starch with vegetable oil-based additives. Based on tensile results, it can be stated, that Charpy impact strength could be improved for 70/30 and 60/40 blends in both unconditioned and conditioned cases, regardless of vegetable oil, while no advantageous change in impact strength was obtained with PLA-g-MA. Considering sample with the highest starch concentration (50%), the flexural modulus was improved by using sunflower oil-based additive, Charpy impact strength and elongation at break was increased using rapeseed oil-based additive in both conditioned and unconditioned cases. SEM images confirmed the improvement of compatibility between components.

Compatibility Effect of Reactive Copolymers on the Morphology, Rheology, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Polypropylene Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tu Lin ◽  
Qing Rong Qian ◽  
Li Ren Xiao ◽  
Qiao Ling Huang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Pp Blends ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted ethyleneoctene multi-block copolymer (OBC) in the presence of the styrene (St) monomer (OBC-g-(GMA-co-St)) was prepared and then used as a compatibilizer for recycled Poly (ethylene terephthalate)/Polypropylene (R-PET/PP) blends. The morphological, rheological and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The results show that the compatibilization between R-PET and PP blends is improved by the introduction of OBC-g-(GMA-co-St). The SEM results show that all R-PET/PP blends exhibit a matrix-dispersed droplet type morphology, and the addition of OBC-g-(GMA-co-St) results in a finer morphology and better adhension between the phases. In addition, the storage moduli (G'), loss moduli (G") and the Charpy impact strength of the blends increase with increasing OBC-g-(GMA-co-St) content, while the the flexural strength decreases slightly.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Abaca Fiber Reinforced Urea Formaldehyde Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Suvarna ◽  
Akash Katagi ◽  
Jackson Pasanna ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Basavaraju Bennehalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

The present investigation focuses on the fabrication and mechanical characterization of alkali treated natural abaca fiber reinforced urea formaldehyde composites. The composites were prepared by means of compression moulding, and then the effects of fiber loading on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were investigated. The composite with 40 wt% abaca fibers gave excellent tensile strength and flexural strength showing that it has the most superior bonding and adhesion of all the composites. In particular, the highest value, 10.02 kJ/m2 of charpy impact strength is observed in the composite with 50 wt% abaca fiber. This work revealed the potential of using abaca fibers in fiberboard.

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Reinforced Polyethylene Composites Using Experiments with Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bilal ◽  
Richard Lin ◽  
Krishnan Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

In recent years, the use of agro-wastes, such as rice husk (RH), in the manufacture of thermoplastic composites to replace wood fibres has emerged as a promising field of interest. Linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) and ground rice husk (GRH) were used to manufacture composites. The D-optimal design routine in Design Expert software was used to select ten different blends with different percentages of RH, MDPE and compatibiliser, maleated polyethylene (MAPE) along with four replicate blends. RH was varied between 15 to 50 wt%, MAPE between 1 to 6 wt% and MDPE between 44 to 84 wt%. The effects of RH, MDPE and MAPE content on the mechanical properties of the manufactured composites were examined. The results show that tensile and flexural properties of the composites were improved, whereas, Charpy impact strength was decreased with increasing RH loading. The effect of MAPE on tensile strength and Charpy impact strength was significant, but its effect was negligible on tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites.

scholarly journals The effect of the accelerated aging on the mechanical properties of the PMMA denture base materials modified with itaconates

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Spasojevic ◽  
Milorad Zrilic ◽  
Dragoslav Stamenkovic ◽  
Sava Velickovic
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

This study evaluated the effect of accelerated ageing on the tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and Charpy impact strength in commercial PMMA denture base material modified with di-methyl itaconate (DMI) and di-n-butyl itaconate (DBI). The samples were prepared by modifying commercial formulation by addition of itaconates in the amounts of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by weight. After polymerization samples were characterized by FT-IR and DSC analysis while residual monomer content was determined by HPLC-UV. Accelerated ageing was performed at 70?C in water for periods of 7, 15 and 30 days. Tensile measurements were performed using Instron testing machine while the hardness of the polymerized samples was measured by Shore D method. The addition of itaconate significantly reduces the residual MMA. Even at the small amounts of added itaconates (2.5%) the residual MMA content was reduced by 50%. The increase of itaconate content in the system leads to the decrease of residual MMA. It has been found that the addition of di-n-alkyl itaconates decreases the tensile strength, hardness and Charpy impact strength and increases elongation at break. Samples modified with DMI had higher values of tensile strength, hardness and Charpy impact strength compared to the ones modified with DBI. This is explained by the fact that DBI has longer side chain compared to DMI. After accelerated ageing during a 30 days period the tensile strength decreased for all the investigated samples. The addition of DMI had no effect on the material ageing and the values for the tensile strength of all of the investigated samples decreased around 20%, while for the samples modified with DBI, the increase of the amount of DBI in the polymerized material leads to the higher decrease of the tensile strength after the complete accelerated ageing period od 30 days, aulthough after the first seven days of the accelerated ageing the values of hardness have increased for all of the investigated samples. Such behavior is explained as the result of the polymer chain relaxation. The values of Charpy impact strength decreased after accelerated ageing. The amount of added DMI have no affect on the decrease of Charpy impact strength after accelerated ageing, the decrease was similar as for pure PMMA. The decrease of Charpy impact strength increased as the amount of added DBI increases.

Effect of mechanical properties of metal powder-filled hybrid moulded products

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Głogowska ◽  
Janusz W. Sikora ◽  
Branislav Duleba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Copper Powders ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

Abstract The extensive research on polymer composites is motivated by the fact that it can result in obtaining new materials with enhanced properties. This research primarily focuses on investigating basic mechanical properties which determine the use of a particular composite material. This paper presents the results of tests investigating the mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, hardness and impact strength, of hybrid injection mouldings produced at constant processing parameters. We used five metal powder fillers: aluminium, zinc, tin, iron and copper powders, with their contents ranging from 2.5 wt% to 15 wt% relative to a polypropylene matrix composite material. The relationships were determined between different contents of the aforementioned metal powder fillers and Young’s modulus, maximum tensile stress, tensile stress at break, strains, Shore hardness and Charpy impact strength. The research also involved investigating mould shrinkage. Relevant conclusions were drawn.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Mechanical Properties of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene and Their Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Ildar I. Salakhov ◽  
Nadim M. Shaidullin ◽  
Anatoly E. Chalykh ◽  
Mikhail A. Matsko ◽  
Alexey V. Shapagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Izod Impact

Low-temperature properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and their blends were studied. The analyzed low-temperature mechanical properties involve the deformation resistance and impact strength characteristics. HDPE is a bimodal ethylene/1-hexene copolymer; LDPE is a branched ethylene homopolymer containing short-chain branches of different length; LLDPE is a binary ethylene/1-butene copolymer and an ethylene/1-butene/1-hexene terpolymer. The samples of copolymers and their blends were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 13С NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using testing machines equipped with a cryochamber. It is proposed that such parameters as “relative elongation at break at −45 °C” and “Izod impact strength at −40 °C” are used instead of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature to assess frost resistance properties because these parameters are more sensitive to deformation and impact at subzero temperatures for HDPE. LLDPE is shown to exhibit higher relative elongation at break at −45 °C and Izod impact strength at −20 ÷ 60 °C compared to those of LDPE. LLDPE terpolymer added to HDPE (at a content ≥ 25 wt.%) simultaneously increases flow properties and improves tensile properties of the blend at −45 °C. Changes in low-temperature properties as a function of molecular weight, MWD, crystallinity, and branch content were determined for HDPE, LLDPE, and their blends. The DMA data prove the resulting dependences. The reported findings allow one to understand and predict mechanical properties in the HDPE–LLDPE systems at subzero temperatures.

scholarly journals The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hemp Fibers-Reinforced Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites Modified by Electron Beam Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5317
Author(s):  
Rafał Malinowski ◽  
Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
Krzysztof Moraczewski ◽  
Wojciech Głuszewski ◽  
Volodymyr Krasinskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Radiation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Hemp Fibers

The need for the development of new biodegradable materials and modification of the properties the current ones possess has essentially increased in recent years. The aim of this study was the comparison of changes occurring in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) due to its modification by high-energy electron beam derived from a linear electron accelerator, as well as the addition of natural fibers in the form of cut hemp fibers. Changes to the fibers structure in the obtained composites and the geometrical surface structure of sample fractures with the use of scanning electron microscopy were investigated. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined, including tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural modulus and impact strength of the modified PCL. It was found that PCL, modified with hemp fibers and/or electron radiation, exhibited enhanced flexural modulus but the elongation at break and impact strength decreased. Depending on the electron radiation dose and the hemp fibers content, tensile strength decreased or increased. It was also found that hemp fibers caused greater changes to the mechanical properties of PCL than electron radiation. The prepared composites exhibited uniform distribution of the dispersed phase in the polymer matrix and adequate adhesion at the interface between the two components.

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