scholarly journals Political Mobilisation of Religious, Chauvinist, and Technocratic Populists in Indonesia and Their Activities in Cyberspace

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Ihsan Yilmaz ◽  
Greg Barton
Keyword(s):  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Political Milieu

Populism has been on the rise in many countries. As a result, studies on populism have proliferated. However, there are very few studies that investigate and compare different types of populisms in a single nation-state. Furthermore, how these different populists in the same political milieu use cyberspace has not been comparatively studied. This study addresses these gaps by looking at a variety of populist forces within Indonesia that have emerged as major actors and identifying the uses of cyberspace in populist political mobilisation. This paper argues that the three main types of populism that predominate in political rhetoric (religious, chauvinistic, and technocratic) do not exist in isolation but rather borrow from each other. This is reflected in their cyberspace activities.

30. Nationalism, national self-determination, and international relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
John Breuilly
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Different Types

This chapter examines the role of nationalism and national self-determination (NSD) in shaping the major institution of modern international relations: the nation-state. It considers different types of nationalism and how they vary from one another, whether the commonly accepted sequence of nation > nationalism > nation-state is actually the reverse of the normal historical sequence, and whether the principle of NSD is compatible with that of state sovereignty. The chapter also explores the contribution of nationalism to the globalization of world politics and the changing meanings of NSD since 1918. Four case studies of nationalism are presented: Kurdistan, Germany, India, and Yugoslavia. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether the principle of NSD threatens stable international relations.

15. Regions

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-280
Author(s):  
James Bickerton ◽  
Alain-G. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Different Types

This chapter explores the concept of region, defined as a territorial entity distinct from both locality and nation-state. The region constitutes an economic, political, administrative, and/or cultural space, within which different types of human agency interact, and towards which individuals and communities may develop attachments and identities. Regionalism is the manifestation of values, attitudes, opinions, preferences, claims, behaviours, interests, attachments, and identities that can be associated with a particular region. The chapter first reviews the main theories and approaches that are used to understand the political role and importance of regions, including the modernization paradigm, Marxism, and institutionalism. It then considers the various dimensions and aspects of regions and regionalism, with particular emphasis on regionalism from below versus regionalization ‘from above’. It also examines the political economy of regions, tracing the changing economic role and place of regions within the national and global economy.

27. Nationalism, national self-determination, and international relations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Breuilly
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Different Types

This chapter examines the role of nationalism and national self-determination (NSD) in shaping the major institution of modern international relations: the nation-state. It considers different types of nationalism and how they vary from one another, whether the commonly accepted sequence of nation > nationalism > nation-state is actually the reverse of the normal historical sequence, and whether the principle of NSD is incompatible with that of state sovereignty. The chapter also explores the contribution of nationalism to the globalization of world politics and the changing meanings of NSD since 1918. Four case studies of nationalism are presented, in Kurdistan, Germany, India, and Yugoslavia. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether the principle of NSD threatens stable international relations.

Ideology as the Ethos of the Nation State

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstract: Ideology can be considered the ethos of the modern, liberal, democratic, capitalist nation state. Working from the descriptions of political ethos in Aristotle's Rhetoric, Tapies, and Politics, the differences from and similarities to post-Renaissance political structures underline the modern insistence on ways to stabilise the representation of the group in power, giving it its veil of authority, as well as ways to stabilise the description or definition of the individual within the nation. Looking at a number of contemporary commentaries from both political theory and cultural studies, the essay elaborates the rhetoric necessary to constitute ideology as the ethos of the nation state, and goes on to detail some of the constraints on the individual who, in gaining access to power, becomes subject to that state. The rhetoric of ideology provides not only an ethos for the character of the group in power, but also a set of guidelines for establishing a spedfic responsive state in the audience, an ethics of pathos. Its ethos is a strategy that imposes a strategy. The circularity of this ethos marks many of the analyses undertaken by current theory, and it has only recently been challenged by, among others, feminist historians of rhetoric. The discussion moves to a point where it asks: given that multinational and transnational corporations now share with the nation state the regularisation of capitalist exploitation, is ideology effective as a political rhetoric any more? Who is the wife of the nation state? And, what is the ethos of the multinational?

But I Do Academic Anthropology!: Advocacy, Ethics, and the Politics of Research

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Rachel Adler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The U.S

Conducting research among immigrants in the United States can pose ethical problems not encountered by anthropologists working abroad. Research occurs, of course, in the context of a political milieu. When anthropologists are working outside of their own societies, it is easier to dissociate themselves from the political sphere. This is because foreign anthropologists are not expected to embrace the political rhetoric of societies of which they are only observers. Ethnographers inside the U.S., on the other hand, often become politicized, regardless of their academic intentions.

Ghanaian Migrants in Germany and the Social Construction of Diaspora Les migrants ghanéens en Allemagne et la construction sociale de la diaspora

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Nieswand
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Hometown Associations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bounded Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Abstract This article explores diasporic discourses and practices among Ghanaian migrants in Germany. Instead of presuming that 'diaspora' is a stringent theoretical concept or refers to a bounded group in a sociological sense, it is argued that it provides migrants with a grammar of practice that allows for the situational and contextual construction of different types of 'diasporas'. Empirically, three social sites of construction are identified. Firstly, the Ghanaian nation-state and the reconfiguration of Ghanaian nationalism play an important role for promoting diasporic discourses. Secondly, the discourse of development and 'charity rituals' of ethnic and 'hometown' associations are of particular relevance for the proliferation of Ghanaian 'diasporas'. Thirdly, Ghanaian chieftaincies are involved in diasporic activities. The article is based on data collected in thirteen months of multi-sited ethnography conducted in Germany and Ghana between 2001 and 2003 and the analysis of video tapes, newspaper articles and web pages. Cet article explore les discours diasporiques et les pratiques trouvées parmi les migrants ghanéens en Allemagne. Plutôt que de présumer que la « diaspora » est un concept théorique strict ou fait référence à un groupe délimité dans un sens sociologique, il est soutenu qu'il fournit une grammaire de pratiques qui permet la construction situationnelle et contextuelle de différents types de « diasporas ». Empiriquement, trois lieux de construction sociale sont identifiés. Premièrement l'Etat-nation ghanéen et la reconfiguration du nationalisme ghanéen jour un rôle important pour promouvoir des discours diasporiques. Deuxièmement, le discours du développement et des « rituels de charité » des associations ethniques et des « villes natales » a une pertinence particulière pour la prolifération des « diasporas » ghanéennes. Troisièmement, les chefferies des tribus ghanéennes sont impliquées dans les activités de la diaspora. Empiriquement, cet article se base sur treize mois d'ethnographie, conduite en Allemagne et au Ghana entre 2001 et 2003, et sur l'analyse de bandes-vidéos, d'articles de journaux et de sites web.

Political Reality and Human Reality

Worldview ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
John Cogley
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Human Reality ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Situation

Even today, politics is based on power relationships and the kind of calculations that have been canonized since the rise of the nation-state. Get a group of Washington practitioners together and you will still hear echoes of the old saw that “politics is the art of the possible.”But this kind of thinking, in our new situation, has already brought mankind to the brink of disaster and promises to destroy political life altogether. It is so clearly anachronistic, at least to the young, that the newest postwar generation to come to maturity simply refuses to play the game. To their ears, even the soaring political rhetoric of John F. Kennedy sounds hollow and unconvincing. I recently heard a brilliant college student charge that the President's famous “Ask not what your country can do for you …” smacked of fascism. Taken literally that, of course, was nonsense; yet I think I know what the young man was trying to get at.

Capitalism, Microfinance and Democracy

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Sakshi Kharbanda
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Neoliberal Economics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The paper looks at the relationship between neoliberal thought of economics and microfinance. Applying the principles of embedded neoliberal economics to microfinance suggests that the government and markets do not exist in solidarity. They can both grow and sink together. Both are required to fulfill each other's requirements to sustain in a nation state. This paper suggests that market oriented economy, can be mediated through the government by bringing in changes to the institutions that can help markets grow and by also molding the nature of relationship it shares with the society. On the other hand, Markets have to incorporate the cultural, social and local knowledge to use it to their advantage. Economic sphere cannot work on its own regulations and by itself completely. The aim of neoliberal proponents shall not be to create same homogeneous conditions wherever they go to operate. Rather diversity should be studied closely to devise the best methods to deal with different contexts and societies. The paper first analyses the relationship between different types of capitals (Physical and Social) with Microfinance and development and then knits them together with the thread of democracy.

War, Revolution, and Nation-Making in Lithuania, 1914-1923

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Balkelis
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Great War

This book explores how war made the Lithuanian state and shaped society from the onset of the Great War in 1914 to the last waves of violence in 1923. As the very notion of an independent Lithuania was constructed during the war, violence became an essential part of the formation of Lithuanian state, nation, and identity. War was much more than simply the historical context in which the tectonic change from empire to nation state took place. It transformed people, policies, institutions, and modes of thought in ways that would continue to shape the nation for decades after the conflict subsided. By telling the story of the post-World War I conflict in Lithuania, the book focuses on the juncture between soldiers and civilians rather than the strategies and acts of politicians, generals, or diplomats. Its two main themes are the impact of military, social, and cultural mobilizations on the local population, and different types of violence that were so characteristic of the region throughout the period. The actors in this story are people displaced by war and mobilized for war: refugees, veterans, volunteers, peasant conscripts, prisoners of war, paramilitary fighters, and others who took to guns, not diplomacy, to assert their power. The book tells the story of how their lives were changed by war and how they shaped the society that emerged after war.

Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Charles Devellennes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subjective Element ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Nation State

This chapter deals with the questions of violence and Hobbes' theory of the state. Violence refers to a variety of different types of action. The chapter draws an important distinction between two main types of violence: physical violence (often referred to as simply 'violence'), and moral violence (often qualified by other terms, such as 'spiritual', 'structural' or 'psychological' violence). Both physical and moral violence are coercive and engender resistance. They are coercive in the sense that they seek to change the behaviour of others. But violence also has a subjective element. For it to qualify as violence, it needs to be perceived as such by others. Typically, violence needs to be recognized as such by those on whom it is exercised. The term 'violence', when used on its own, implies that there is a physical aspect to it. Non-physical uses of the term 'violence' need it to be qualified, typically, for interlocutors to make sense of what type of violence is being discussed. Physical violence is material in that it uses material means to achieve its ends. Moral violence is the result of attempting to achieve ends through blackmail, spying and manipulation. This bureaucratic violence, as a form of moral violence, is the one that is characteristic of the modern nation state and largely explains its successes and failures. State violence today relies mostly on this type of moral violence to create compliance.

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