scholarly journals Effects of Suckling on the Udder Health of Foster Cows

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Katharina Köllmann ◽  
Yanchao Zhang ◽  
Nicole Wente ◽  
Anneke Lücken ◽  
Stefanie Leimbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rearing Methods

In a foster cow system, one or more calves are reared by a foster cow. With regard to the growing rejection towards the early separation of cow and calf after calving, such alternative rearing methods with prolonged cow–calf contact are coming more into focus. Nevertheless, there is a lack of recent studies investigating the effects of suckling multiple calves on the udder health of a foster cow. The present study aimed to initially describe the status and development of the udder condition and the microbial colonisation during the foster period. Thereby, the objectives were to determine whether suckling multiple calves was associated with an increase in intramammary infections (IMI) and a deterioration of udder constitution. A total of 99 Holstein Friesian foster cows from a large organic dairy farm in eastern Germany were included in this pilot study. Each foster cow was suckled by 3–4 calves and not additionally milked. Quarter milk samples were taken for cytomicrobiological examination at the beginning and end of the approximately 3.5 months suckling period. At the same time, the udders of 91 of these foster cows were clinically examined by visual assessment and manual palpation. In both the first and second examination (E1 and E2, respectively), Corynebacterium ssp. and non-aureus staphylococci (NaS) constituted the most frequently detected pathogen species in the 385 examined udder quarters. Classifying the quarters into mastitis categories was significantly different between the two examinations (p = 0.001). The number of quarters considered as healthy increased from E1 to E2 by 8.5%. At the same time, the number of quarters with mastitis decreased by 2.6%, the number of quarters with non-specific mastitis by 11.4% and the number of quarters with a latent infection increased by 5.4%. In total, 69.4% of the 121 infected udder quarters in E1 were bacteriologically cured in E2. A cytological cure was achieved in 28.1% of the 385 quarters. Both the bacteriological and cytological cure rate were spontaneous. A new infection occurred in 23.1% of the 385 examined udder quarters and was mainly attributable to infections with Corynebacterium spp. and NaS. During the suckling period, mainly new infections occurred and amounted to 73% in relation to presumed persistent infections (18.9%). The new infections were mainly attributable to infections with Corynebacterium spp. and NaS. Pasteurella spp. were also found in high percentages. A total of 10.1% of the quarters showed an increase in somatic cell count (SCC) above the threshold of 100,000 cells/mL from E1 to E2, indicating a new subclinical mastitis. Regarding udder condition, significant changes during the foster period were an increase in udder skin and teat lesions, a decrease in udder oedema, an increased amount of udder quarters with a consistency considered as normal and an increase in the number of udders showing no sign of udder cleft dermatitis. Moreover, teat length, circumference, and diameter increased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a possibility that suckling multiple calves improves udder health in terms of mastitis but leads to an increased pathogen transmission at the same time, resulting in an increase in latent infections. Additionally, pathogens as Pasteurella spp., which are usually located in the upper respiratory system, could be detected in the mammary gland. The changes concerning the udder condition were manifold. However, it has not yet been conclusively clarified whether all these changes are exclusively due to calf suckling. Further investigations with a non-suckled control group are required.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance to cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in selected dairy farms of Mymensingh and Sirajganj districts of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Mahibur Rahman ◽  
Anita Rani Dey ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Status ◽  
Correction Table ◽  
Benzimidazole Anthelmintic ◽  
And Control

Correction: Table 1 and Table 2 have were omitted from the PDF in error. They were added to page 89 on 17th May 2018.Anthelmintic resistance (AR) to commonly used dewormers is one of the major world-wide constrain in livestock production. The present study was investigated the status of AR in BAU dairy farm, Mymensingh and Talukder dairy farm, Sirajganj. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was applied to assess AR in cattle of two dairy farms during January to June 2017. The anthelmintics tested were Albendazole (ABZ), a benzimidazole anthelmintic (Almex®, Square Ltd.) and Ivermectin (IVM) (Vermic®, Techno drugs Ltd.), administered at the doses recommended by the manufacturers. In each farm, cattle were divided into treatment and control (not treated) group based on faecal egg counts (FEC), that is at least 200 eggs/g. At 14 days after treatment, faecal samples were collected for post-treatment FEC, which is compared between treatment and control group. Resistance was defined if there was <95% reduction, with lower 95% confidence limit (CL) <90% in the FEC. AR was present in both the dairy farms involved in this study. The FECRT using ABZ revealed 79.7% (95% CL 87.9, 65.8) reduction and 95.8% (95% CL 98.7, 87.1) reduction of FEC in BAU and Talukder dairy farms, respectively. Also, FECRT using IVM revealed 77.9% (95% CL 97.7, 85.5) and 94.2% (95% CL 97.7, 85.5) reduction of FEC in BAU and Talukder dairy farms, respectively. Our study suggest that AR is present in both selected dairy farms and further extensive studies are required to determine the extent of AR in different cattle farms of Bangladesh.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 87-92, April 2018

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRACISTERNAL ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT FOR THE CONTROL OF MASTITIS IN GOATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
K. Hristov ◽  
R. Pepovich ◽  
B. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this study is to investigate the healing and prophylactic effect of drying-off antibiotic therapy using the selective and non-selective approach of administration of the antibiotics. First experimental group at the start of the dry period were treated non-selectively (all halves) intra-cisternally with antibiotics. In the second group, we only treated those halves that were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The control group of 9 goats was not treated. The number of somatic cells in treated groups after birth decreased from 2586 x 10³/ mL to 560 x 10³/mL in the first group and from 1978 x 10³/mL to 526 x 10³/mL in the second. Post partum, 10% of the halves were found to have subclinical mastitis. A healing effect was achieved in 25% (n=5) milk halves. New intramammary infections developed during the dry period also occurred in 5% (n=1) of the milk halves. In the second post-partum study, subclinical mastitis was observed only in 5% (n=1). Healing was achieved in 30% (n = 6) and the new intramammary infections (NIMIs) were 10% (n=2). In the control group, healing was only observed in 5% (n=1) and NIMI were 27.78% (n=5). The application of both treatment approaches, results in reduction in prevalence and manifestation of mastitis, as well as reduction of somatic cells in milk after kidding. The selective treatment method may be preferred, in order to reduce the cost of medications in conducting treatment and prophylaxis programs.

Use of milk amyloid A in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy ewes

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Miglio ◽  
Livia Moscati ◽  
Gabriele Fruganti ◽  
Michela Pela ◽  
Eleonora Scoccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Ewes

Subclinical mastitis (SM) is one of the most important diseases affecting dairy ewes worldwide, with negative impact on the animal health, farm income and public health. Animals with SM often remain untreated because the disease may not be revealed. Increase in somatic cell count (SCC) and positive bacteriology for mastitis pathogens in milk samples are indicative of SM but the evidence of only one of these alterations must suggest an uncertain SM (UM). UM is defined when positive bacteriological examination (Latent-SM) or SCC>500 000 cells/ml (non-specific-SM) are detected in milk. Nevertheless, SCC and bacteriological examination are expensive, time consuming and are not yet in use at the farm level in dairy ewes. Recently, a sensitive acute phase protein, amyloid A, displaying multiple isoforms in plasma and different body fluids including mammary secretion (milk amyloid A-MAA), has been investigated as a marker of mastitis in cows and, in a few studies, in sheep. The aim of this trial was to compare the concentration of MAA of single udder-halves in ewes with healthy udder-halves (HU-control group) and naturally occurring subclinical mastitis, both confirmed (SM group) and uncertain (UM groups: Latent-SM and non-specific-SM), for monitoring udder health. The reliability of a specific ELISA kit for the measurement of MAA was also tested. During a 3-month trial period, 153 udder halves were assigned to the experimental groups based on their health status: 25 with SM, 40 with UM (11 with latent-SM and 29 with non-specific-SM) and 88 HU. SCC and bacteriological analysis were performed to establish the control and subclinical mastitis groups. MAA concentrations in milk samples were measured using a specific commercially milk ELISA kit. The data were submitted to statistical analysis. Significant (P<0·05) differences among the groups SM, non-specific-SM and HU were detected with the SM having the highest level and HU the lowest. MAA concentration is affected by the udder health status and is a useful indicator of subclinical mastitis and increased SCC in sheep.

scholarly journals Application of bacillus megaterium for subclinical mastitis in cows

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tytukh ◽  
Yurii Musiienko ◽  
Natalia Grebenik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Positive Effect

The problem of treatment of subclinical mastitis often arises after calving, especially in cows of the first lactation. The paper presents the results of the therapeutic effect of Bacillus megaterium in subclinical mastitis in cows. The aim of the research. To determine the effect of Bacillus megaterium on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and colonies of microorganisms isolated from subclinical mastitis in cows. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in a dairy farm growing Holstein. Cows with subclinical mastitis of the experimental groups were given concentrated feed with the addition of Bacillus megaterium (1 × 109 CFU/g) at a dose of 15–35 g per animal. The control group of cows was given the usual diet for dairy cows. The experiment lasted 30 days. Results. The use of Bacillus megaterium (1 × 109 CFU/g) at a dose of 35 g per animal had a pronounced effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of cows. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was 67 % higher and Bifidobacterium 58 % higher than the control. In addition, the level of opportunistic pathogens on Escherichia coli decreased by 45 %, Clostridium by 27 %, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus by 75 %, and Candida by 80 % compared to controls. The amount of microflora in milk decreased by 40.2 % and the number of somatic cells by 87.9 %. Conclusions. The therapeutic efficacy of Bacillus megaterium (1 × 109 CFU/g) at a dose of 35 g per animal for 30 days in subclinical mastitis has been proven. After treatment, the amount of microflora in cow's milk decreased by 40.2 % and the number of somatic cells by 87.9 %. A positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of cows, where the number of Lactobacillus sp. increased by 67 % and Bifidobacterium by 58 %. The level of opportunistic pathogenic microflora decreased by Escherichia coli – by 45 %, Clostridium – by 27 %, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus – by 75 %, Candida – by 80 %, compared to the control.

Associations of teat morphometric parameters and subclinical mastitis in riverine buffaloes

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Baljinder Kumar Bansal ◽  
Raj Sukhbir Singh ◽  
Neeraj Kashyap ◽  
Shukriti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Type Traits

The possible association between teat morphometric traits and subclinical mastitis (SCM) in dairy buffaloes was studied. Teat morphometric parameters, i.e. teat shape (bottle, conical, cylindrical, and others), teat-end shape (flat, round, and pointed), teat length (TL), teat diameter (TD), and teat-end to floor distance were measured before milking, but after proper milk let-down, in clinically healthy buffaloes (47 Murrah and 34 Nili-Ravi breeds). Subclinical mastitis was defined on the basis of bacteriology and somatic cell count (SCC) of quarter foremilk samples. A high proportion of cylindrical teats (40%) and pointed teat-ends (64·4%) was observed. Hind teats were longer and thicker than fore teats (P < 0·05). A significant breed effect was found with respect to teat shape, length and diameter (P < 0·05). Teats were mostly cylindrical (43·3 vs. 35·4%) and conical (34·2 vs. 30·8%) shaped, smaller (mean 8·2 vs. 9·5 cm) and thinner (mean 3·3 vs. 3·6 cm) in the Murrah breed compared with the Nili-Ravi breed. Teats that had ‘other’ shapes and were longer, wider, and placed closer to the floor were more associated with SCM (P < 0·05). Mean SCC was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in Nili-Ravi buffaloes, teat shapes classified as ‘others’, and quarters with SCM. Teat morphometric traits seem to be associated with indicators of udder health in buffaloes, thus, their inclusion in breeding programmes for selection against undesirable dairy type traits may be of value in reducing susceptibility to intramammary infections in Indian buffaloes.

Effects of periparturient systemic treatment with penethamate hydriodide on udder health and milk yield of dairy heifers

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kreiger ◽  
Gabriele M Friton ◽  
Johannes Hofer ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Petra Winter
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Dairy Heifers

Sixty dairy heifers from seven Austrian herds, with high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis, were used in this pilot study. Heifers were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group received at parturition intramuscularly 10 million i.u. of penethamate hydriodide and then 24 h later, 5 million i.u.; the control group received no treatment. Bacteriological examination was conducted on 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 d post partum (pp) and milk yield data, fat and protein contents and SCC data were collected every 5th week for the first 200 d of lactation. Occurrence of retained placenta and endometritis were recorded, and the days open of both groups were compared. No effect was observed on the postparturient genital tract health and reproduction indicators. On day 7 pp, four intramammary infections (IMI; two severe clinical; one mild clinical; and one subclinical mastitis) were detected in the untreated control group, whereas there were no IMI in the antibiotic-treated group. At subsequent samplings, there were fewer IMI in the antibiotic-treated group, which were later in lactation, less severe and less persistent. Although SCC was numerically lower in the treatment group, significant differences in SCC between groups could not be detected. Antibiotic-treated heifers produced significantly more milk during the first 15 weeks of lactation than untreated heifers. Over the whole observation period (200 d), peripartum antibiotic-treated heifers produced 323 kg more milk than heifers in the untreated control. Periparturient antibiotic treatment of heifers with penethamate hydriodide prevented IMI during the first week after parturition and achieved a significant increase in milk yield, which was found to be economically beneficial.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of milk and bacteriological findings in cows with subclinical mastitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-541
Author(s):  
A. Galfi ◽  
M. Radinovic ◽  
D. Milanov ◽  
S. Bobos ◽  
M. Pajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Third Stage

Intramammary infections change the composition of milk and increase electrical conductivity of milk and decrease milk electrical resistance. Electrical conductivity has been used to detect mastitis during last four decades. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of the milk electrical conductivity measuring in detection of subclinical mastitis. The experiment was conducted on a dairy farm of Holstein-Friesian breed. A total of 113 quarter milk samples were examined, 55 samples from cows in first stage of lactation and 58 from cows in third stage of lactation. Electrical conductivity (EC) of milk samples was detected by Hand-held EC meter (Draminski mastitis detector). Quarter milk samples for bacteriological analysis were taken aseptically during the morning milking in sterile test tubes. Bacteria growth was not detected in 60 quarter milk samples (53.1%), while in the other 53 samples bacteria was found (46.9%). The most common isolated bacteria in first and third stage of lactation was Corynebacterium spp. (38.9%) and coagulase - negative staphylococci (3.54%). High quality and healthy milk with Draminski mastitis detector was observed in 59.29% of the samples (67/113). Cows with mastitis may not always show an increased EC of milk from the infected quarter. Electrical conductivity of milk can give useful informations about udder health status, but hand-held EC meters, such as Draminski mastitis detector, cannot be used alone in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

Control of subclinical bovine mastitis

1995 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Reyes ◽  
G. Guajardo ◽  
R. Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Method

AbstractA clinical trial was conducted on a dairy farm. 26 animals were divided into 2 groups of 13 each, pairing on clinical and subclinical mastitis status, milk production and number of lactations, assigning both animals and treatments by a systematic random method. One group received homoeopathic treatment, the other placebo. Monthly milk production was carefully recorded for each animal, as were the results of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) performed on each quarter of the udder. The proportion of affected quarters according to CMT was 32% in the treated group, and 68% in the control group. The odds ratio of the difference shows that animals receiving placebo presented 4.5 (1.78–11.73) times more subclinical mastitis than those under homoeopathic treatment (p<0.05). Average milk production in the treated group did not differ significantly from that of the control group (p>0.05). The study confirms previous observations of the benefit the homoeopathic method can provide in disease control in animal populations.

Polybrominated biphenyls in Michigan [abstract only]

1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1158) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyls ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Polybrominated Biphenyl ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Farm Residents

Inadvertent admixture of the fire retardant chemical polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) with farm feed occurred in Michigan late in 1973; important animal disease resulted. Delay in detection allowed wide and prolonged distribution of contaminated food, and as a result most of Michigan’s 9 000 000 citizens currently have detectable levels of PBB in serum and body tissues. Almost all samples of breast milk in the State have been found to have PBBs as well as PCBs. A clinical field survey of more than 1000 dairy farm residents and others demonstrated an unusual prevalence of specific but not pathognomonic clinical complaints, particularly neuro-behavioural. These were far fewer among a control group of Wisconsin dairy farm residents not exposed to PBB. Similar contrasts were noted in two laboratory studies: liver function test results (enzyme levels) were much more likely to be abnormal in Michigan than in Wisconsin, possibly related to the fact that the halogenated biphenyl is a powerful enzyme inducer; in addition, T cell and B cell abnormalities and impaired lymphoblastogenesis were the rule in Michigan dairy farmers, but these findings, consistent with immuno­suppression, were absent in the Wisconsin group.The long-term signi­ficance of the observations is not at present known. This is being studied, as is the status of the general population of Michigan presumed to have lower tissue burdens than the farmers.

NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES LEVEL AND THE STATUS OF THE RENIN – ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. M. Mambetova ◽  
A. M. Inarokova ◽  
N. N. Shabalova ◽  
D. V. Bizheva ◽  
A. T. Mahiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sick Children

THE AIM. To determine the concentration of natriuretic peptide in the blood serum in children with congenital malformations of the urinary system (CM US) and to compare with the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).MATERIALS AND METHODS.119 patients with CM US aged 3 to 18 years were examined. A control group of 10 clinically healthy children. 3 groups were assigned: group I – 55 children with  congenital vesicoureteral reflux, and group II – 34 children with  congenital hydronephrosis and ureterohydronephrosis, III group – 30 children with other forms of dysembryogenesis of the US. Following indicators were identified by ELISA in the blood: renin, aldosterone,  N – terminal propeptide natriuretic hormone (NT-рroВNР). RESULTS.NT-рroВNР, renin and aldosterone hyperproduction were diagnosed in 59,6%, 69,7%, 54.6 % of sick children relatively. Concentrations were higher in all variants of  malformations in comparison with the control group. Significant  differences were revealed in obstructive species, where arterial  hypertension (AH) was diagnosed more often. Patients with AH  recorded significantly higher concentrations of NT-proВNР and renin.CONCLUSION.The key point in pathological processes developmentand progression in the cardiovascular system and kidneys is the  activation of RAAS. The system of natriuretic factors is important in maintaining the compensated state of patients due to the blockade of RAAS.

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