Fruit Battery Method for Oil Palm Fruit Ripeness Sensor and Comparison with Computer Vision Method

Oil palm ripeness’ main evaluation procedure is traditionally accomplished by human vision. However, the dependency on human evaluators to grade the ripeness of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) by traditional means could lead to inaccuracy that can cause a reduction in oil palm fruit oil extraction rate (OER). This paper emphasizes the fruit battery method to distinguish oil palm fruit FFB ripeness stages by determining the value of load resistance voltage and its moisture content resolution. In addition, computer vision using a color feature is tested on the same samples to compare the accuracy score using support vector machine (SVM). The accuracy score results of the fruit battery, computer vision, and a combination of both methods’ accuracy scores are evaluated and compared. When the ripe and unripe samples were tested for load resistance voltage ranging from 10 Ω to 10 kΩ, three resistance values were shortlisted and tested for moisture content resolution evaluation. A 1 kΩ load resistance showed the best moisture content resolution, and the results were used for accuracy score evaluation comparison with computer vision. From the results obtained, the accuracy scores for the combination method are the highest, followed by the fruit battery and computer vision methods.

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Basketball shooting technology based on acceleration sensor fusion motion capture technology

EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing ◽

10.1186/s13634-021-00731-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Binbin Zhao ◽

Shihong Liu

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Support Vector Machine ◽

Motion Capture ◽

Visual Recognition ◽

Gaussian Mixture ◽

Human Vision ◽

Support Vector ◽

Background Removal ◽

Graphics Processing ◽

Basketball Shooting

AbstractComputer vision recognition refers to the use of cameras and computers to replace the human eyes with computer vision, such as target recognition, tracking, measurement, and in-depth graphics processing, to process images to make them more suitable for human vision. Aiming at the problem of combining basketball shooting technology with visual recognition motion capture technology, this article mainly introduces the research of basketball shooting technology based on computer vision recognition fusion motion capture technology. This paper proposes that this technology first performs preprocessing operations such as background removal and filtering denoising on the acquired shooting video images to obtain the action characteristics of the characters in the video sequence and then uses the support vector machine (SVM) and the Gaussian mixture model to obtain the characteristics of the objects. Part of the data samples are extracted from the sample set for the learning and training of the model. After the training is completed, the other parts are classified and recognized. The simulation test results of the action database and the real shot video show that the support vector machine (SVM) can more quickly and effectively identify the actions that appear in the shot video, and the average recognition accuracy rate reaches 95.9%, which verifies the application and feasibility of this technology in the recognition of shooting actions is conducive to follow up and improve shooting techniques.

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IMPLEMENTASI JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN (JST) DAN PENGOLAHAN CITRA UNTUK KlASIFIKASI KEMATANGAN TBS KELAPA SAWIT

Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jkfi.15.1.36-45 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Minarni Minarni ◽

Roni Salumbae ◽

Zilhan Hasbi

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Color Space ◽

Human Perception ◽

Image Data ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Human Vision ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Color Parameters ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches

The clasification of ripeness stages of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) can be done using color parameters. These parameters are often evaluated by human vision, whose degree of accuracy is subjective which can cause doubt in judgement. Automatic clasifications offreshfruit bunches (FFBs) based on color parameters can be done using computer vision. This method is known as a nondestructive, fast and cost effective method. In this research, a MATLAB computer program has been developed which consists of RGB and HSV GUI which is used to record, display, and process FFB image data. The backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) program is also developed which is used to classify the oil palm fruit fresh bunches (FFBs). Samples are fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of oil palm varieties of Tenera which comprise of Topaz, Marihat, and Lonsum clones. Each clone composed of three levels of ripeness represented by five fractions. The measurements were started by capturing images of oil palm, extracting RGB and HSV values, calculating weight values from the image database to make anANN program, preparing grid programs for oil palm FFBs, and comparing grading levels of oil palm FFBs using program and by harvester. This program successfully classified oil palm (FFBs) into three categories of ripeness which are unripe (F0 and F1), ripe (F1 and F1) and over ripe (F4 and F5). The RGB and HSV programs successfully classified 79 out of 216 FFBs or 36.57% and 106 out of 216 TBS or 49.07%. Respectively the HSV program is better than RGB program because the representation of HSV color space are more understood by human perception hence can be used in calibration and color comparison.

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Optimum design of a microstrip ring resonator sensor to determine the moisture content in oil palm fruits and seeds

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.1.1819-1837 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1819-1837

Author(s):

Ahmad Fahad Ahmad ◽

Zulkifly Abbas ◽

Hameda Ali Abrass ◽

Kok Yeow You

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Ring Resonator ◽

Detection System ◽

Automated Detection ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Microstrip Ring ◽

Microstrip Ring Resonator

Oil palm fresh fruit bunch (OPFFB) is the main export product of the oil palm industry. A good oil palm is between 17 to 18 weeks of age with full fruitless maturity. An automated detection system should be implemented to determine the OPFFB’s maturity and expedite the harvesting process. Various automated detection methods have been proposed for conventional method replacement. In a preliminary study, a new oil palm fruit sensor was proposed for detecting the maturity of OPFFB, and a microstrip ring resonator was designed for determining the moisture content in oil palm fruit. The coaxial feeder of the microstrip ring was a Sub-Miniature A (SMA) stub contact panel with outer and inner conductors of 4.1 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The measurement system consisted of a sensor and a PC controlled network analyzer. This system was tested successfully on seeds and fruits of oil palm with various degrees of maturity. The microstrip ring resonator operated between 2.2 and 3 GHz and required low frequency that enabled the electromagnetic field in the first half of the ring resonator to be transferred to the second half and subsequently cause the collinearity of the maximum field points in the feed lines and resonator.

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Effect of Charging Parameter on Fruit Battery-Based Oil Palm Maturity Sensor

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11090806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 806

Author(s):

Norhisam Misron ◽

Nisa Syakirah Kamal Azhar ◽

Mohd Nizar Hamidon ◽

Ishak Aris ◽

Kunihisa Tashiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

High Demand ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Charging Time ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Content Processing ◽

Key Industries

Oil palm is one of the key industries highly observed in Malaysia, due to its high demand both whether locally or internationally. The oil extraction rate (OER) in palm oil production is used as an element to identify the performance of the mills, estates and producers. In view of this, there are specific instrument or sensor needs to be implemented at the mills especially during the reception of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) transported from the field for oil content processing. This paper aims to study and propose the use of a fruit battery-based oil palm maturity sensor to analyse the effect of the sensor to various parameters. The study utilizes a charging method with different parameters, including a moisture content test on the palm oil samples. Three types of parameters are tested along with the different grades of oil palm fruit from different bunches, such as the load resistance, charging voltage and charging time. The repeatability data of the samples are obtained with the used list of values in each parameter. The results show that the parameters tested for the unripe, under ripe and ripe samples can affect the sensor sensitivity.

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The Impact of Different Drying Techniques on the Physicochemical and Quality Characteristics of Oil Palm Fruit Mesocarp (Elaeis guineensis)

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2021/2005502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Vida Gyimah Boadu ◽

Edward Ken Essuman ◽

Gifty Serwaa Otoo ◽

Kate Bigson

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Food Product ◽

Acid Value ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

The Impact

Drying is one of the traditional means of preserving food. However, various drying methods can influence the nutritional and bioactive constituents of the food product. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of different drying methods on the proximate composition, physicochemical properties, and minor constituents of palm oil fruit mesocarp. Two varieties of fresh oil palm fruit (dura and tenera) were processed to separate the mesocarp from the other part of the fruit. The fresh fruit mesocarp was divided into five groups and subjected to different drying methods. Proximate and physicochemical characteristics of the oil palm fruit mesocarp were determined. The dried mesocarp had low moisture content (1.49-3.28%), high crude fat content (78.10-90.60%), carbohydrate (4.41-15.12%), crude protein (0.93-3.40%), and ash (0.53-1.15%). The free fatty acid (FFA) (1.06-3.54) and acid value (AV) (2.17 to 8.83 mgKOH/g) were lower because the samples were heated at 100°C for 30 min. The lower pH, FFA, AV, titratable acidity, moisture content, and high antioxidant activity of the oil palm fruit products could be an indication of shelf stability against microbial contamination and rancidity.

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Fruit Battery with Charging Concept for Oil Palm Maturity Sensor

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20010226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 226

Author(s):

Norhisam Misron ◽

Nisa Syakirah Kamal Azhar ◽

Mohd Nizar Hamidon ◽

Ishak Aris ◽

Kunihisa Tashiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Current Practice ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Load Voltage ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽

Maturity Grade

There are many factors affecting oil extraction rate (OER) but a large contributor to high national OER is by processing good-quality fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at the mills. The current practice for grading oil palm fruit bunches in mills is using human graders for visual inspection, which can lead to repeated mistakes, inconsistent evaluation results, and many other related losses. This study aims to develop a fruit maturity sensor that can detect oil palm fruit maturity grade and send indication to the user whether to accept or reject the bunches. This study focuses on fruit battery principle and applying the charging concept to the fruit battery in order to generate significant load voltage readings of oil palm fruit battery. The charging process resulted in amplified load voltage readings, which were 4 times more sensitive to changes as compared to normal fruit battery without charging process. From the load voltage readings, the fruits can be characterized into their maturity grade based on moisture content. It was determined that fruits with moisture content less than 44% and average load voltage, Vavg, between 20 to 30 mV are considered ripe fruits.

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Human Vision and Computer Vision

Contemporary Psychology ◽

10.1037/023481 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 47-47

Author(s):

Herman Bouma

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Human Vision

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The DEVELOPMENT OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST POPULATION AFTER INTRODUCTION AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF OIL PALM FRUIT SET IN SERAM ISLAND, MOLLUCAS, INDONESIA

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i1.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55

Author(s):

Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽

Agus Susanto

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Average Risk ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Male And Female ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Female Flowers ◽

Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the main pollinating agent in oil palm plantations in Indonesia today. The development of oil palm plantations in new areas requires introduction of these insects, moreover the new areas are located on different islands. First introduction of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust had been done from North Sumatra to Seram Island on 23 September 2013. The introduction was performed on larva and pupa stadium in 4-5 days post anthesising of male inflorescences. The introduction of E. kamerunicus using plywood boxes has an average risk of death by 7.89% at 6 days delivery period. Observation before releasing of the weevils showed that this insect was not detected in both of oil palm male and female flowers and the oil palm fruit set was very low approximately 11.27%. For about 500 weevils/ha were released in Marnuhu estate and could be developed into 362,401 weevils/ha in 5 months with 97.86% of oil palm sex ratio. The oil palm fruit sets were increased after 1 and 2 months introduction, 53.70% and 75.56 %, respectively. The lower sex ratio of oil palm or the more availability of male inflorescences make growth of E. kamerunicus population became faster and the greater number of weevils that visiting anthesising of female flowers make the higher value of oil palm fruit set.

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OIL CONTENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE PARTS OF OIL PALM FRUIT FROM 8 IOPRI VARIETIES

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Sujadi Sujadi ◽

Hasrul Abdi Hasibuan ◽

Meta Rivani ◽

Abdul Razak Purba

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Content ◽

Mean Value ◽

Oleic Acid Content ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Main Components ◽

Main Component

Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) consist of fruit be composed grade in few spikelet. Fruit at a spikelet can be distinguished into performed fruit namely internal fruit, middle fruit and outer fruit as soon as each section contain parthenocarpy fruits. This research was conducted for determine composition and content fatty acid of oil at internal fruit, middle, outer and parthenocarpy fruit from oil palm fruit. Samples of fruit came from 3 – 5 spikelet the central of FFB. Result showed that oil content of outer fruit (46.9 + 9.9)% trend higher be compared middle fruit (42.8 + 10.3)% and internal fruit (39.1 + 9.5)%. Parthenocarpy fruits have a low oil content (14.2 + 16.2)% except yellowish fruit trend high relatively oil content. The main components of fatty acid at outer fruit, middle and internal are palmitic acid, oleic, linoleic and stearic with mean value respectively (44.8 – 45.8)%, (37.6 – 38.0)%, (9.9 – 10.9)% and (4.6 – 4.8)%. Oil content at parthenocarpy fruit have amount main component of fatty acid with performed fruit but composition of palmitic acid (40.0 + 5.9)% and oleic (34.6 + 8.4)% lower while linoleic acid (16.9 + 8.5)% and linolenic (1.6 + 1.8)% higher be compared to performed fruit. Simalungun variety has the highest oil content in the part of fruit, with that PPKS 540 and La Mé respectively. PPKS 540 variety has the highest oleic acid content while PPKS 718 has the highest linoleic content.

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OPTIMATION OF DNA EXTRACTION PROTOCOL OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

Sri Wening ◽

Agus Eko Prasetyo ◽

Tjut Ahmad Perdana Rozziansha ◽

Agus Susanto

Keyword(s):

Dna Fingerprinting ◽

Dna Extraction ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Biological Study ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Extraction Protocol ◽

Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

African pollination weevil (Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust) has an important role in the productivity of Indonesian oil palm plantation. Up to now, there has not been a comprehensive biological study of the species at molecular level. The basic knowledge is very useful for exploitation of the weevil for effective oil palm fruit set development. This research aimed to obtain DNA extraction protocol of E. kamerunicus for DNA fingerprinting of the species. Results showed that using a DNA extraction kit,material disruption by using micro pestle resulted the highest quantity of DNA, while there were no significant differences of resulted DNA quantity among treatments using tissue lyser for material disruption. DNA extracted by using micro pestle or tissue lyser for material disruption is adequate for DNA fingerprinting using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and sequencing techniques.

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