scholarly journals The Impact of Different Drying Techniques on the Physicochemical and Quality Characteristics of Oil Palm Fruit Mesocarp (Elaeis guineensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vida Gyimah Boadu ◽  
Edward Ken Essuman ◽  
Gifty Serwaa Otoo ◽  
Kate Bigson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Impact

Drying is one of the traditional means of preserving food. However, various drying methods can influence the nutritional and bioactive constituents of the food product. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of different drying methods on the proximate composition, physicochemical properties, and minor constituents of palm oil fruit mesocarp. Two varieties of fresh oil palm fruit (dura and tenera) were processed to separate the mesocarp from the other part of the fruit. The fresh fruit mesocarp was divided into five groups and subjected to different drying methods. Proximate and physicochemical characteristics of the oil palm fruit mesocarp were determined. The dried mesocarp had low moisture content (1.49-3.28%), high crude fat content (78.10-90.60%), carbohydrate (4.41-15.12%), crude protein (0.93-3.40%), and ash (0.53-1.15%). The free fatty acid (FFA) (1.06-3.54) and acid value (AV) (2.17 to 8.83 mgKOH/g) were lower because the samples were heated at 100°C for 30 min. The lower pH, FFA, AV, titratable acidity, moisture content, and high antioxidant activity of the oil palm fruit products could be an indication of shelf stability against microbial contamination and rancidity.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Severity of Physiological Disorders of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L.) in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Fred Bwayo Masika ◽  
Isaac Danso ◽  
Rossette Nangonzi ◽  
Otuba Moses Amugoli ◽  
Alex Asiimwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Physiological Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Trials ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Corporate Investors

In Africa, oil palm is grown in 25 countries supported by corporate investors. In Uganda, commercial oil palm cultivation began in 2005 in Bugala Islands. Seedlings were imported from countries with established breeding programs. These seedlings were grown in areas with different environmental conditions which have resulted in a number of physiological disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the major physiological disorders in oil palm fruit bunches in Uganda. The study was carried out in the adaptive trials in Kagadi, Bugiri, Buvuma and Masaka Districts and in the different smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala District. Data was collected on bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening. Sampling was carried out in oil palm plantations above five years of age. Three fields were selected from each unit and three units from each block by the help of the Agricultural Extension Officers (AEOs). Palms were randomly sampled and assessed for presence of bunch rot, bunch failure and uneven ripening symptoms. The incidence was expressed as a percentage of the total number of palms sampled while the severity of bunch rot disease was scored on a scale of 0-4. From the results, the differences in bunch rot and bunch failure in adaptive trials were statistically significant as well as across seasons (P < 0.05). Uneven ripening was not statistically significant and severity of bunch rot in the different farmer blocks in Kalangala was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Uneven ripening was high across smallholder farmer blocks in Kalangala and was statistically significant (P = 0.05) even across seasons (P < 0.05). These results are important for sensitization of farmers on management of oil palm disorders and essential for guiding policy makers and investors as the oil palm industrial sector is being developed in Uganda. This study calls for determination of water deficit at the various ecological zones and its relationship to physiological disorders as a guide for further oil palm estate development.

The Effects of Oil Palm Fruit Bunch (OPFB) Fiber and Coupling Agent Loadings on the Performance of Hybrid Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anizah Kalam ◽  
M.N. Berhan ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Degradation Tests ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Hybrid composites were prepared by incorporating oil palm fruit bunch (OPFB) fibre in the mixture of clay and polypropylene as secondary filler. OPFB and MAPP loadings were varied to investigate it effects on the performance. Tensile and impact tests were performed on the hybrid composites to evaluate their mechanical performances. Water absorption and thermal degradation tests were also conducted on the hybrid composites. Results indicated that the incorporation of OPFB in PP/PPnanoclay has decreased the thermal stability of hybrid composites. Tensile modulus of hybrid composites increased as the OPFB loading increases and further increased with the increasing of MAPP loading. Generally the tensile strength has decreased with the addition of OPFB, however slight increased was observed when the MAPP loading was increased. The impact strength has also increased with the increasing of OPFB for higher MAPP loading.

scholarly journals Growth assessment of juvenile oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) intercropped with fruit vegetables in a rainforest zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Ayodele Samuel OLUWATOBI ◽  
Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE ◽  
Olabisi Fatimo ADEKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Assessment

<p>Improper intercropping of <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> with other crops has impaired the growth and development of the oil palm due to competition for environmental resources. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of intercropping on the growth of juvenile oil palm for 2 years. The research commenced during the rainy season of 2016 at an established juvenile oil palm plantation in Ala, Akure-North Local Government of Ondo State. Four fruit vegetables were intercropped separately within the alley of the plantation at 1, 2 or 3 m away from the oil palms in a randomized complete block design. Growth parameters of the juvenile oils were assessed. Results revealed that at 16 weeks after intercropping (WAI), the intercropped oil palm recorded better growth performance with higher canopy spread, number of frond, number of leaflets and trunk height (218.20, 37.00, 87.48 and 38.17 cm) respectively, than the sole oil palms (214.67, 32.83, 72.89 and 31.67 cm) respectively. There were no significant difference in all the growth parameters examined except canopy height (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Juvenile oil palm cultivated in rainforest agroecological zone of Nigeria can be intercropped with fruit vegetables without any deleterious effect when intercropped at minimum of 1 m away from the oil palms.</p>

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of Oil Palm Fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Mesocarp and Endocarp Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermine Bille Ngalle ◽  
Joseph Martin Bell ◽  
Georges Franck Ngando Ebongue ◽  
Lambert Nyobe ◽  
Félix Chancelin Ngangnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Screening of Elaeis guineensis ( Aracaceae) Jacq. Oil and its Effect as an Antidote on Cyanide Poisoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-s) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Felix N. Osuala ◽  
Uchenna E. Odoh ◽  
Grace O. Muoneme ◽  
Sylvester C. Ohadoma
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Oil Extract

Introduction: Elaeis guinenesis is a perennial monocot belonging to the family Arecaceae. It is the source of the oil commonly called African palm oil or macaw fat which in traditional medicine has many uses Aim: This study is focused on the pharmacognostic screening of oil of Elaeis guineensis, and its antidotal effect on cyanide poisoning. Method: The extracted oil was subjected to various screening technique in order to determine its quality, purity and chemical constituents. The oil was macroscopically examined; acute toxicity test of Elaeis guineensis oil was carried out on rats. The oil was subjected to heating to determine the moisture content. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out on the palm oil extract. The physicochemical analysis was carried to determine the acid value, saponification value, ester value, hydroxyl value and iodine value. The Ld50 for the pure cyanide was carried out on the rats using “Up and Down” method. The antidotal study of Elaeis guineensis oil was carried out on the rats. Result: Macroscopic evaluation showed, the oil was in fresh condition, smooth texture, bright red colour, characteristic taste, oily appearance and a characterictic smell. The Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponnins, alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. The physicochemical analysis showed that the oil has an acid value of 31.2, Saponification value of 194.8, Ester value 163.54, Peroxide value of 18.0, Hydroxyl Percentage of 2.07% and Free Fatty Acid of 3.65. The moisture content was calculated to be 0.2%. For the acute toxicity test on the oil using Lorkes method no death was recorded. The LD50 of the cyanide carried out on the rats showed that the lethal dose of cyanide is 5 mg/kg. The antidotal effect of Elaeis guineensis oil showed the absence of death on the group given oil extract alone and the groups that were poisoned and given the oil (antidote) within 4 minutes. Deaths were recorded for the groups that were administered antidotes after 8 minutes. Conclusion: Elaeis guineensis oil has counteracting effect on cyanide poisoning if administered within four minutes of cyanide ingestion.  

scholarly journals Preparing Households for the Oil Palm Replanting Program: Is an Empowerment Program Needed?

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Ardi Novra ◽  
Fatati ◽  
Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Impact

This article describes a new idea of how the level of intervention in household empowerment policies is based on an empirical study of the magnitude of the negative impact of the smallholder palm oil replanting (SPR) program. One of the negative impacts is the temporary loss of income (TLI) for farmer households due to the cessation of production of oil palm fruit bunches. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the impact of the SPR program on household and regional economies as a basis for making decisions on the intensity level of community empowerment programs. The household survey research was conducted in three village centers for smallholder rubber plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia: Purwodadi Village, Dataran Kempas, and Sungai Keruh. The research result shows that the average potential TLI in each household is IDR 2,364,644/month (equivalent to 74.55% of the oil palm household income or 39.78% of the regional economy) if replanting palm oil is carried out. Purwodadi Village is the village most vulnerable to regional economic disturbances due to the high potential for TLI, reaching 99.43% of the oil palm household income and 67.06% of the regional economy. The level of TLI is influenced by factors of age and area of old oil palm plants, the proportion of households that will undergo the replanting process of oil palm, and the level of dependence of regions on oil palm farming. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is still a need for innovation and expansion of empowerment programs to encourage household readiness in facing the community oil palm rejuvenation program.

scholarly journals YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) FRUIT PROCESSING ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-399
Author(s):  
Julius Olatunde AYINDE ◽  
Michael FAMAKINWA ◽  
Babatunde Opeyemi AKEREDOLU
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Multistage Sampling

This study assessed the youths’ involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities in Ondo State, Nigeria. It described the socio-economic characteristics of youths involved in oil palm fruit processing activities, determined their level of involvement, examined their perception and identified constraints associated with their involvement. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents from the study area. Interview schedule was employed to collect relevant data, which was analysed with SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to draw inference on hypothesis. The results show that majority (63.3%) were male, 95.8% had formal education with a mean age of 27.2 ± 2.7 years. Picking of fresh fruit bunches ( = 2.71), packaging ( = 2.60) and gathering of bunches ( = 2.50) were the major activities youth involved in. Higher percentage (57.9%) of the youth had favourable perception towards involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities. Lack of modern processing facilities ( =3.65) and funds/inadequate credit facilities ( = 3.65) were the prime constraints to their involvement. Number of labour (r = 0.7460; p≤0.01) and income (r = 0.601; p≤0.01) of the respondents were significantly related to youth involvement. The study concluded that youth had moderate involvement in oil palm processing activities. However, agricultural development stakeholders like government should provide adequate and functional credits facilities to these youths to encourage their involvement.

scholarly journals Impact of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Cultivation on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Food Security of Rural Households within Mundemba Sub-division, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Usongo P. Ajonina ◽  
Bekumaka B. Okanyene
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
The Impact

Oil palm cropping is rapidly expanding within Mundemba. Although they have the potential to contribute to employment and economic development, the effect of their rapid expansion on soil properties and food security is largely unknown. The objective of the study is to analyze the trend in the surface area occupied by palms and farmlands between 1980 to 2020, assess the impact of oil palm cultivation on soil properties and food security. Ground Control Points (GCPs) were taken to evaluate land-use changes and soil samples were collected from palm plantations for analysis. Interviews and questionnaires were administered to household heads to gather information on food security. Results revealed that palm plantations experienced a rapid increase from 35.52ha in 1980 to 119,171.49 in 2020. Arable land also shows a progressive increase of 101.39 ha in 1980 to 518.55 ha in 2020. A significant deterioration of soil nutrients status under palm plantations compared to the adjacent farm lands was observed. Palm cultivation has resulted in food security issues in the area due to its lucrative nature and impact on soils properties. To improve food security farmers should be educated on sustainable crop production methods and soil management techniques.

scholarly journals A RIPENESS STUDY OF OIL PALM FRESH FRUIT AT THE BUNCH DIFFERENT POSITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Rismen Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Fruit

The paper aims to study the position of the optimum oil palm ripeness at the bunch different positions. This information is essential to complete a measurement procedure to detect oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) maturity so that the detection devices can directly measure the optimal mature position as a representative of the entire FFB characteristics. In this study, the oil palm FFB (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. tenera) with the various ripeness stages (4 until 22 weeks after anthesis) were collected and divided from three positions, i.e., proximal, central and distal. Moreover, each fruit in each of these positions was subjected to sample preparation to identify water and oil content. The water and oil content were completed based on the oven test method and the Soxhlet extraction technique, respectively. The optimum ripeness position is determined based on the lowest water content and the highest oil content. Based on the analysis, during the process of oil palm maturation occurs a decrease in water content and an increase in oil content. In addition, the average water content of palm fruit varies greatly depending on its position based on the analysis, i.e., proximal (45.38±5.62%), central (35.30±3.34%) and distal (41.98±2.57%). The average oil content of oil palm fruit in the central position is higher oil content (25.10±1.72%) compared to the proximal (10.00±0.77%) and distal position (13.77±1.22%). We suspect that the chemical content differences of palm fruit in various positions are due to the inequality of the respiration rate and ethylene production throughout FFB. In addition, overall it can be concluded that the fruit in the central FFB position has an optimal ripeness level compared to the proximal and distal position. Thus, the measurement position recommended in evaluating palm maturity is at the central position of FFB.

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