scholarly journals Influence of Different Hardness Custom Foot Insoles in the Electromyography Activity Patterns of the Thigh and Hip Muscles during Motorcycling Sport: A Crossover Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Israel Casado-Hernández ◽  
Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo ◽  
Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias ◽  
Eva María Martínez-Jiménez ◽  
Daniel López-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Emg Patterns

Nowadays, the use of insoles in sport practice have been recognized to decrease the foot and lower limb injury patterns. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of four types of hardness insoles (HI) in the activity patterns of the hip and thigh muscles (HTM) in motoriders during motorcycling sport. The study was a crossover trial. Subjects were elite motoriders. The mean age was 33 ± 5.14 years. Electromyography (EMG) of hip and thigh muscles (HTM) data was registered via surface while subjects were riding on an elite motorcycle simulator. Subjects had to complete different tests with randomly hardest insoles (HI): 1: only polypropylene (58° D Shore); 2: Polypropylene (58° D Shore) with selective aluminium in hallux and metatarsal heads (60 HB Brinell hardness); 3: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52° A Shore); and finally, 4: Ordinary EVA (25° A Shore) as the control. EMG patterns of the HTM, riding on an elite motorcycle simulator, showed the lowest peak amplitude with the insoles with polypropylene and selective aluminium. Using the hardest insoles in our study (selective aluminium) the EMG amplitude peaks decreased in all HTM.

scholarly journals Fatal Firearm Injuries in Finland: A Nationwide Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mäkitie ◽  
H. Pihlajamäki
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospital Resources ◽  
The Mean

Background and Aims: Treatment of life-threatening firearm injuries represents major challenges to the involved medical staff. The aim of the study was to assess numbers, natures and injury patterns of fatal incidents by firearms in Finland over a 10-year period. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all firearm-related deaths during the 10-year period from January 1990 to December 1999. Death certificates were obtained and reviewed with detailed analysis of non-suicidal deaths. Results: Over the 10-year period 1990 to 1999, 452 individuals (equivalent to 1.8 cases per 100 000 person-years) died in Finland as a result of accidental or violent shooting. There were no significant changes in numbers of cases from year to year. The malefemale ratio was 7:3. The mean age of the victims was 32 years. The shooting incident had been classified as an assault in 78 % of cases. Its nature was unspecified in 13 % of cases and clearly accidental in 9 %. The predominant anatomical site of fatal injury following assault was the chest in 43 %, the head in 42 % and the abdomen in 8 % of the cases. After accidental or unspecified nature shooting, the predominant site of injury was the head in 68 %, followed by the chest in 16 % and the abdomen in 10 % of the cases. Most victims (86 %) died at the scene of the shooting. Only 14 % were alive at hospital admittance. Most hospitalised victims died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusions: The annual incidence of fatal non-suicidal firearm injuries did not change significantly in Finland between 1990 and 1999. Victims of such injuries required only minimal hospital resources because in most cases they died at the scene of the shooting. The results of the study reported indicate that efforts to prevent fatal injuries from use of firearms or diminish their number should be focused mainly on prevention of firearm related assault.

Multiple Ligament Knee Injuries: Does the Knee Dislocation Classification Predict the Type of Surgical Management?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett T. Maxwell ◽  
Ryan J. Warth ◽  
Adeet Amin ◽  
Matthew A. Darlow ◽  
Lane Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Dislocation ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Ligamentous Injury ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate relationships among multiple ligament knee injury (MLKI) patterns as classified according to the knee dislocation (KD) classification and the types of surgical management pursued. We hypothesized that the KD classification would not be predictive of the types of surgical management, and that categorizing injuries according to additional injury features such as structure, chronicity, grade, and topographic location would be predictive of the types of surgical management. This is a Retrospective cohort study. This study was conducted at a level I trauma center with a 150-mile coverage radius. Query of our billing database was performed using combinations of 43 billing codes (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] 9, ICD-10, and Current Procedural Terminology) to identify patients from 2011 to 2015 who underwent operative management for MLKIs. There were operative or nonoperative treatment for individual ligamentous injuries, repair, or reconstruction of individual ligamentous injuries, and staging or nonstaging or nonstaging of each surgical procedure. The main outcome was the nature and timing of clinical management for specific ligamentous injury patterns. In total, 287 patients were included in this study; there were 199 males (69.3%), the mean age was 30.2 years (SD: 14.0), and the mean BMI was 28.8 kg/m2 (SD: 7.4). There were 212 injuries (73.9%) categorized as either KD-I or KD-V. The KD classification alone was not predictive of surgery timing, staging, or any type of intervention for any injured ligament (p > 0.05). Recategorization of injury patterns according to structure, chronicity, grade, and location revealed the following: partial non-ACL injuries were more frequently repaired primarily (p < 0.001), distal medial-sided injuries were more frequently treated operatively than proximal medial-sided injuries (odds ratio [OR] = 24.7; p <0.0001), and staging was more frequent for combined PCL-lateral injuries (OR = 1.3; p = 0.003) and nonavulsive fractures (OR = 1.2; p = 0.0009). The KD classification in isolation was not predictive of any surgical management strategy. Surgical management was predictable when specifying the grade and topographic location of each ligamentous injury. This is a Level IV, retrospective cohort study.

The Aging Road Warrior: National Trend toward Older Riders Impacts Outcome after Motorcycle Injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Brown ◽  
Paul E. Bankey ◽  
John T. Gorczyca ◽  
Julius D. Cheng ◽  
Nicole A. Stassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Motorcycle Safety ◽  
National Trauma ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Training

Industry statistics suggest that motorcycle owners in the United States are getting older. Our objective was to analyze the effect of this demographic shift on injuries and outcomes after a motorcycle crash. Injured motorcyclists aged 17 to 89 years in the National Trauma Databank were reviewed from 1996 to 2005. Age trends and injury patterns were assessed over time. Injury Severity Score (ISS), length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) use, comorbidities, complications, mortality, injury patterns, helmet use, and alcohol use were compared for subjects 40 and older versus those younger than 40 years old. There were 61,689 subjects included. Over the study period, the mean age increased from 33.9 to 39.1 years ( P < 0.01), and the proportion of subjects 40 years of age or older increased from 27.9 to 48.3 per cent. ISS, LOS, ICU LOS, and mortality were higher in the 40 years of age or older group ( P ≤ 0.01). The rates of admission to the ICU (32.3 vs. 27.3%), pre-existing comorbidities (20 vs. 9.7%), and complications (7.6 vs. 5.5%) were all higher in the 40 years of age and older group ( P < 0.01). The average age of the injured motorcyclist is increasing. Older riders’ injuries appear more serious, and their hospital course is more likely to be challenged by comorbidities and complications contributing to poorer outcomes. Motorcycle safety education and training initiatives should be expanded to specifically target older motorcyclists.

scholarly journals Activity patterns of South American silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. Schulz ◽  
C. Leuchtenberger
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
South American ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
The Mean

The South American silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) is a widely distributed species in Central and South America in areas east of the Andes between Venezuela and the northern parts of Argentina. The bottom dwelling species occurs in lakes and reservoirs as well as in rivers. Between June 2000 and December 2001, sixteen silver catfish were tracked during fourteen 24-h cycles in two-hour-intervals, with the aim of investigating daily movements and habitat use. Covered distances varied between 0 m/2 h and 326 m/2 h and the mean distance covered in 2 h was 25.6 m. The mean activity of individual silver catfish varied between 5.6 m/2 h and 81.4 m/2 h. The swimming activity was linearly related to the total fish length. The highest mean swimming activity occurred in the morning and at nightfall. Silver catfish concentrated in three areas of frequent use. All of them were characterized by steep banks providing shelter in the form of rip-rap or large woody debris. Vertically, silver catfish preferred the upper 2 m layer where tracked fish encountered higher temperatures and higher dissolved oxygen concentrations.

Severe Unintentional Injuries to Ohio Children: What We Should Be Addressing at Well-Child Visits

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Wurster Ovalle ◽  
Wendy J. Pomerantz ◽  
Michael A. Gittelman
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
National Data ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Injury

This was a retrospective study examining severe injuries to Ohio children in order to provide pediatricians with targeted injury talking points at well visits. We included children ≤14 years old from the Ohio Trauma Acute Care Registry with severe unintentional injuries from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2012. There were 45 347 patients; 611 died, and the mean age was 6.8 years. Fractures/dislocations were common (46.6%), and many injuries occurred at home (49.1%). In children ≤2 years old, the leading causes of injury were falls and burns/fire; falls and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) predominated above this age. Leading causes of death were MVCs, drowning, and suffocation. We concluded that national data may not always reflect state-specific injury patterns. In Ohio, though falls and MVCs were the most common mechanisms, fire and drowning also caused significant injury. Given limited time to discuss injury prevention, pediatricians should concentrate on statewide injuries.

The Effect of Thermoforming on Tear Strength of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Mouthguard Material in Various Thicknesses

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 657-662
Author(s):  
Phakphum Srinuan ◽  
Jeerapatr O. Baiyokvichit ◽  
Rasana Boonpeng ◽  
Tanapol Wongwisatekit ◽  
Pacharaporn Pattanasukwasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermoforming Process ◽  
One Way Anova

The effect of thermoforming on the tear strength of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material (Bioplast®) has not been widely investigated. The present study compared the tear strengths of non-processed and processed EVA specimens in various thicknesses. Two groups of EVA sheet (non-processed and processed) in three different thicknesses of 3, 4 and 5 mm were used in specimen fabrication. The processed EVA sheets were achieved by forming the EVA sheet on the cylindrical stone model with the pressure-molding device (Biostar®). Twelve of tear strength specimens of non-processed and processed group in each thickness were prepared following the modified ASTM D 624-00 guideline. The tear strength test was conducted using universal testing machine (Lloyd® 1K series) with the speed of 500 mm/min. The mean thickness and tear strength of the non-processed and processed specimens in each thickness were compared using independent T-test. The differences in the mean tear strength for each thickness of non-processed and process specimens were determined using one-way ANOVA. The mean tear strength and mean thickness of processed EVA specimens was significantly lower than the non-processed EVA specimens for every thickness (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean tear strength of EVA specimens among each thickness in both non-processed and processed groups. It can be concluded that the thermoforming process has the significant effect on the tear strength of the EVA mouthguard material formed by pressure molding device in every thicknesses. The tear strength of processed specimens were significant lower than the non-processed. Thus, it is more relevant for testing properties of the processed mouthguard material that the mouthguard material before processing.

Growth, survival and activity patterns of recently metamorphosed Bufo marinus

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Cohen ◽  
RA Alford
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage 1

We examined factors affecting the growth and survival of postmetamorphic Bufo marinus using sampling and experiments. Bufo metamorphs, defined as newly emerged terrestrial toads of 9-29mm snout-ischium length (SIL), were classified into four stages on the basis of colour and size. Stage 1 were uniformly black and about 9-12 mm SIL, stage 2 were mottled with orange spots and about 12-16mm SL, stage 3 had a white mid-dorsal line and were about 16-25mm SIL, and stage 4 had enlarged parotoid glands and were about 25-29 mm SIL. We determined the density of each stage at three distances (0-1, 2-3, 4-5m) from their larval habitat using 1 x 1-m quadrat samples. The mean densities of all metamorphs within 1 m of water were 2.6m-2 and 2.1m-2 for the wet and early dry seasons, respectively. The mean densities of all metamorphs during both seasons at 2-3m and 4-5m from water were 0.8m-2 and 0.6m-2, respectively. Stage 2 metamorphs were most common in samples. Most stage 1 metamorphs occurred within 1m of the water in both seasons (98% wet; 95% dry). Increasing percentages of stage 2, 3 and 4 metamorphs occurred in samples 2-3 and 4-5m from water (38, 49 and 80%, respectively, averaged over both seasons). Three experiments examined the response of metamorph growth and survival rates to density in open-topped flyscreen enclosures. Stage 1 or 2 metamorphs were established at initial densities of 3.3, 6.7 and 16.7m-2. Metamorphs in the lower-density enclosures grew more rapidly than metamorphs in the higher-density enclosures. A profile analysis showed that daily survival rate was not densitydependent. Correlation analyses showed that daily metamorph survival was influenced by daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Metamorphs at lower densities attain juvenile size (30mm) more rapidly; because they survive at the same daily rates as metamorphs at higher densities they experience lower cumulative mortality as metamorphs.

Movements, Activity Patterns and Habitat Use of Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) in a Tropical Habitat

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Caley
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
The Mean

Movements, activity patterns and habitat use of feral pigs were studied in a tropical woodland habitat by radio-telemetry, live-trapping and hunter returns. The mean aggregate home-range size was 33.5 km2 for boars and 24.1 km2 for sows. Feral pigs were rather sedentary, with no tendency to disperse great distances from their initial home ranges. Pigs were most active at night, with peaks of activity in the late afternoon and early morning. Pigs preferentially used the riparian vegetation strip bordering major rivers, and grain crops, when available. The implications for the management of pigs are discussed.

scholarly journals A Rotating Respirometer to Monitor Voluntary Activity and Associated Exchange of Respiratory Gases in the Land Hermit Crab (Coenobita Compressus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
MICHÉLE G. WHEATLY ◽  
BRIAN R. MCMAHON ◽  
WARREN W. BURGGREN ◽  
ALAN W. PINDER
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Gases

A rotating respirometer was designed which enabled respiratory gas exchange in the land hermit crab Coenobita compressus to be correlated with voluntary submaximal sustained pedestrian activity. In the laboratory, crabs remained spontaneously active for up to 150 min, maintaining velocities of 0.6cm s−1. Comparable activity patterns were observed in the field. Quiescent O2 uptake (MOO2) increased logarithmically as a function of load rating of the adopted molluscan shell. Steady-state MOO2 and MCOCO2 were measured after 30 min of spontaneous activity and both increased linearly with velocity. There was good correspondence between Y-intercept values and those measured in inactive crabs. At the mean locomotory speed, MOO2 and MCOCO2 were increased 3.4-fold and 2.6-fold respectively above settled rates. Minimum and gross energetic cost of transport were estimated and compared with values in the literature. MOO2 and MCOCO2 returned to settled levels within the first hour of recovery. The activity profile and concomitant changes in gas exchange are discussed in the context of acquisition of the shell-dwelling habit.

scholarly journals Daily Physical Activity Patterns: A Window on Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
Fangyu Liu ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Jacek Urbanek ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Normal Cognition

Abstract Gradual disengagement from essential daily physical activity (PA) necessary for independent living could signal present or emerging mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used BLSA data to examine whether PA patterns including: 1) total activity counts/day, 2) minutes/day spent active, and 3) activity fragmentation (reciprocal of the mean active bout length) differs between participants with adjudicated normal cognition (n=498) and MCI/AD diagnoses (n=32). Linear models were used and adjusted for demographics, APOE-e4 status, morbidity, and gait speed. Compared to those with normal cognition, those with MCI/AD had 3.0% higher activity fragmentation (SE=1.1%, p=0.006) but similar mean total activity counts/day (p=0.08) and minutes/day spent active (p=0.19). Results suggest that activity fragmentation may arise as a compensatory strategy in the absence of reduced activity in MCI and early AD and that activity monitoring may be potentially useful for detecting MCI and AD at an earlier stage.

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