scholarly journals Ultrasensitive Magnetic Field Sensors for Biomedical Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Murzin ◽  
Desmond J. Mapps ◽  
Kateryna Levada ◽  
Victor Belyaev ◽  
Alexander Omelyanchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Atomic Lattice ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors

The development of magnetic field sensors for biomedical applications primarily focuses on equivalent magnetic noise reduction or overall design improvement in order to make them smaller and cheaper while keeping the required values of a limit of detection. One of the cutting-edge topics today is the use of magnetic field sensors for applications such as magnetocardiography, magnetotomography, magnetomyography, magnetoneurography, or their application in point-of-care devices. This introductory review focuses on modern magnetic field sensors suitable for biomedicine applications from a physical point of view and provides an overview of recent studies in this field. Types of magnetic field sensors include direct current superconducting quantum interference devices, search coil, fluxgate, magnetoelectric, giant magneto-impedance, anisotropic/giant/tunneling magnetoresistance, optically pumped, cavity optomechanical, Hall effect, magnetoelastic, spin wave interferometry, and those based on the behavior of nitrogen-vacancy centers in the atomic lattice of diamond.

scholarly journals Magnetoelectric Magnetic Field Sensors: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6232
Author(s):  
Mirza Bichurin ◽  
Roman Petrov ◽  
Oleg Sokolov ◽  
Viktor Leontiev ◽  
Viktor Kuts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electric Polarization ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices ◽  
Superconducting Quantum Interference

One of the new materials that have recently attracted wide attention of researchers are magnetoelectric (ME) composites. Great interest in these materials is due to their properties associated with the transformation of electric polarization/magnetization under the influence of external magnetic/electric fields and the possibility of their use to create new devices. In the proposed review, ME magnetic field sensors based on the widely used structures Terfenol—PZT/PMN-PT, Metglas—PZT/PMN-PT, and Metglas—Lithium niobate, among others, are considered as the first applications of the ME effect in technology. Estimates of the parameters of ME sensors are given, and comparative characteristics of magnetic field sensors are presented. Taking into account the high sensitivity of ME magnetic field sensors, comparable to superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), we discuss the areas of their application.

The biosensing with NV centers in diamond: Related challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1941023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Moreva
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Local Current ◽  
Field Bias ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals

Here, we discussed the current challenges related with the application of Nitrogen-vacancy (NV)-based magnetometers for biological systems. Major constraints for diamond sensor type as optical illumination, microwave field, bias magnetic field, optics, method of photoluminescence detection and sample preparation have been analyzed. Special attention was paid to the estimation of electromagnetic fields in the nervous system. The mechanism of action potential generation and resultant local current flows was discussed, corresponding magnetic field outside an axon was estimated. It was shown that sensitivity of upcoming generation of NV magnetic field sensors may not be enough for the measurement of single neuron action potential, while monitoring electromagnetic signals in brain slices or cardiac tissues seems very promising.

Finding Bearing in Robot Navigation with the Use of the Kalman Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sioma ◽  
Sławomir Blok
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Robot Navigation ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Local System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors

In robotic systems navigation, it is necessary to determine the direction, in which the local coordinate system of a robot is to be turned in regards to the reference, global system. That direction from mathematical point of view is the rotation along one axis of the reference system, such that the reference system coincides with the local system associated with the body, which direction is defined. There is an assumption that the rotations along two other axes do not exist or they were taken into account in the calculations. A question appears: what is the measurement of the direction based on? The answer to that question is provided by nature [1, , because it has already solved this problem long ago. In migratory species such as birds, bees and fish, evolved magnetoreception abilities which allow an animal to detect the magnetic field of Earth. These abilities enable such organisms to navigate in space. In many devices magnetic field sensors called magnetometers are already used. However, magnetic measurements are subject to many kinds of distortions and errors. This paper shows a practical approach to a robot navigation problem.

Superconducting Quantum Interference Filters as Absolute Magnetic Field Sensors

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1044-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Caputo ◽  
J. Tomes ◽  
J. Oppenlander ◽  
C. Haussler ◽  
A. Friesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Interference Filters ◽  
Superconducting Quantum Interference

scholarly journals Fiberized Diamond-Based Vector Magnetometers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Chatzidrosos ◽  
Joseph Shaji Rebeirro ◽  
Huijie Zheng ◽  
Muhib Omar ◽  
Andreas Brenneis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Nitrogen Vacancy ◽  
Double Quantum ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Vector Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Halbach Array ◽  
Quantum Transitions

We present two fiberized vector magnetic-field sensors, based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The sensors feature sub-nT/Hz magnetic sensitivity. We use commercially available components to construct sensors with a small sensor size, high photon collection, and minimal sensor-sample distance. Both sensors are located at the end of optical fibres with the sensor-head freely accessible and robust under movement. These features make them ideal for mapping magnetic fields with high sensitivity and spatial resolution (≤ mm). As a demonstration we use one of the sensors to map the vector magnetic field inside the bore of a ≥100 mT Halbach array. The vector field sensing protocol translates microwave spectroscopy data addressing all diamonds axes and including double quantum transitions to a 3D magnetic field vector.

scholarly journals Trivalent Cations Detection of Magnetic-Sensitive Microcapsules by Controlled-Release Fluorescence Off-On Sensor

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Bo-Wei Du ◽  
Ching-Chang Lin ◽  
Fu-Hsiang Ko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Trivalent Cations ◽  
Fluorescence Turn On

A pyrene-based derivative, 2-((pyrene-1-ylmethylene)amino)ethanol (PE) nanoparticle, was encapsulated via water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion with the solvent evaporation method by one-pot reaction and utilized as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for detecting Fe3+, Cr3+, and Al3+ ions. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) embedded in polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as the magnetic-sensitive polyelectrolyte microcapsule-triggered elements in the construction of the polymer matrix. The microcapsules were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) titrations, quantum yield (Φf) calculations, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry (SQUID) studies. This novel responsive release of the microcapsule fluorescence of the turn-on sensor for detecting trivalent cations was due to the compound PE and the MNPs being incorporated well within the whole system, and an effective thermal and kinetic energy transfer between the core and shell structure efficiently occurred in the externally oscillating magnetic field. The magnetic-sensitive fluorescence turn-on microcapsules show potential for effective metal ion sensing in environmental monitoring and even biomedical applications. Under the optimal controlled-release probe fluorescence conditions with high-frequency magnetic field treatment, the limit of detection (LOD) reached 1.574–2.860 μM and recoveries ranged from 94.7–99.4% for those metals in tap water.

scholarly journals Simulation and improvements of a magnetic flux sensor for application in immunomagnetic biosensing platforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Wang ◽  
TangAn Li ◽  
Bo Cao ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Magnetic Field Measurement ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Flux Sensor

In recent years, point-of-care testing (POCT) has become a topical issue. Lateral flow immunoassay strategies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are important POCT elements due to their sensitive quantification of biological materials via MNP magnetic field measurement. In this study, we designed a magnetic flux sensor for use in immunomagnetic biosensing platforms, incorporating a mathematical model and computer simulation strategy. The system used field programmable gate array (FPGA) as the control chip, synthesized excitation signals and excited coils to generate excitation magnetic fields. Also, the stepping motor was controlled to drive the test strip at a uniform speed through the sensor detection area. A differential configuration strategy was used for sensor pick-up coils to assess MNP influence on the magnetic flux, which was insensitive to background magnetic interference and common-mode noise. These factors significantly enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor. The magnetic flux sensor structure was optimized, and response magnetic field characteristics of MNP on test strips analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. System performance was evaluated by testing human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which demonstrated a linear performance, with a limit of detection of 0.0098 mIU/mL. This system may be used to identify other target analytes in different application settings.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Devices Based on Magnetoelectric Composite Thin Films

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8012
Author(s):  
Deepak Rajaram Patil ◽  
Ajeet Kumar ◽  
Jungho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Thin Film ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Magnetoelectric Composite ◽  
Band Pass

The strain-driven interfacial coupling between the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric constituents of magnetoelectric (ME) composites makes them potential candidates for novel multifunctional devices. ME composites in the form of thin-film heterostructures show promising applications in miniaturized ME devices. This article reports the recent advancement in ME thin-film devices, such as highly sensitive magnetic field sensors, ME antennas, integrated tunable ME inductors, and ME band-pass filters, is discussed. (Pb1−xZrx)TiO3 (PZT), Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), Aluminium nitride (AlN), and Al1−xScxN are the most commonly used piezoelectric constituents, whereas FeGa, FeGaB, FeCo, FeCoB, and Metglas (FeCoSiB alloy) are the most commonly used magnetostrictive constituents in the thin film ME devices. The ME field sensors offer a limit of detection in the fT/Hz1/2 range at the mechanical resonance frequency. However, below resonance, different frequency conversion techniques with AC magnetic or electric fields or the delta-E effect are used. Noise floors of 1–100 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz were obtained. Acoustically actuated nanomechanical ME antennas operating at a very-high frequency as well as ultra-high frequency (0.1–3 GHz) range, were introduced. The ME antennas were successfully miniaturized by a few orders smaller in size compared to the state-of-the-art conventional antennas. The designed antennas exhibit potential application in biomedical devices and wearable antennas. Integrated tunable inductors and band-pass filters tuned by electric and magnetic field with a wide operating frequency range are also discussed along with miniaturized ME energy harvesters.

THE SLIP AND INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON THE PERISTALTIC TRANSPORT WITH HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250068 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HAYAT ◽  
S. NOREEN ◽  
A. ALSAEDI
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Slip Condition ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Asymmetric Channel ◽  
Induced Magnetic Field ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Quantities Of Interest

In this attempt, simultaneous effects of slip condition and an induced magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of viscous fluid in an asymmetric channel is investigated. The whole analysis have been carried out in the presence of heat and mass transfer characteristics. The resulting mathematical model is solved by exploiting the boundary conditions derived from physical point of view. The expressions of the desired flow quantities of interest are derived and discussed. A comparison with no-slip condition is shown.

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