scholarly journals Dynamic Response of PVDF Cantilever Due to Droplet Impact Using an Electromechanical Model

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5764
Author(s):  
Guannan Hao ◽  
Xiangwei Dong ◽  
Zengliang Li ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Droplet Impact ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Electromechanical Model ◽  
Cantilever Sensor ◽  
Beam Surface

The dynamic response of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) cantilever beam under excitation of water droplet impact is investigated by developing an electromechanical model. In the model, the governing equations of beam motion and output voltage are derived in the theoretical way, such that the voltage across the PVDF layer and the cantilever deflection can be predicted. The motion of the beam is described by the multi-mode vibration model through which more accurate results can be obtained. The predicted results of the model are validated by the experiment. Combined with the experiment and the model, the effect of surface wettability on droplet-substrate interaction mechanisms is investigated, which provides an insight into the improvement of mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency in raindrop energy harvesting (REH) applications. Results show: (1) the droplet splash on a super-hydrophobic beam surface has a positive effect on voltage generation. The splash limit that affects the reaction force of the impacting droplet is experimentally determined and greatly dominant by the Weber number. (2) Small-scaled droplets in splash regime allow generating higher voltage output from a super-hydrophobic beam surface than from an untreated hydrophilic beam surface. (3) Tests of successive droplet impacts also show that a super-hydrophobic surface performs better over a hydrophilic surface by producing constant peak voltage and higher electrical energy harvested. In this case, the voltage measured from the hydrophilic surface decreases gradually as the water layer is accumulated. Overall, the electromechanical behaviors of a super-hydrophobic PVDF cantilever sensor can be well predicted by the model which shows a great potential in energy harvesting by maximizing the inelastic collision upon droplet-substrate interactions.

Analytical Electromechanical Model of Cantilevered Bi-Stable Composites for Broadband Energy Harvesting

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres F. Arrieta ◽  
Tommaso Delpero ◽  
Paolo Ermanni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Electromechanical Model ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Good Agreement

Vibration based energy harvesting has received extensive attention in the engineering community for the past decade thanks to its potential for autonomous powering small electronic devices. For this purpose, linear electromechanical devices converting mechanical to useful electrical energy have been extensively investigated. Such systems operate optimally when excited close to or at resonance, however, for these lightly damped structures small variations in the ambient vibration frequency results in a rapid reduction of performance. The idea to use nonlinearity to obtain large amplitude response in a wider frequency range, has shown the potential for achieving so called broadband energy harvesting. An interesting type of nonlinear structures exhibiting the desired broadband response characteristics are bi-stable composites. The bi-stable nature of these composites allows for designing several ranges of wide band large amplitude oscillations, from which high power can be harvested. In this paper, an analytical electromechanical model of cantilevered piezoelectric bi-stable composites for broadband harvesting is presented. The model allows to calculate the modal characteristics, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, providing a tool for the design of bi-stable composites as harvesting devices. The generalised coupling coefficient is used to select the positioning of piezoelectric elements on the composites for maximising the conversion energy. The modal response of a test specimen is obtained and compared to theoretical results showing good agreement, thus validating the model.

scholarly journals An Optimal Piezoelectric Beam for Acoustic Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Panahi ◽  
Alireza Hassanzadeh ◽  
Ali Moulavi ◽  
Ata Golparvar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam ◽  
Optimum Placement ◽  
Acoustic Energy Harvesting

This study presents a novel piezoelectric beam structure for acoustic energy harvesting. The beams have been designed to maximize output energy in areas where the noise level is loud such as highway traffic. The beam consists of two layers (copper and polyvinylidene fluoride) that convert the ambient noise’s vibration energy to electrical energy. The piezoelectric material’s optimum placement have been studied, and its best positon is obtained on the substrate for the maximum yield. Unlike previous studies, which the entire beam substrate used to be covered by a material, this study presents a modest material usage and contributes to lowering the harvester’s final production cost. Additionally, in this study, an electrical model was developed for the sensor and a read-out circuitry was proposed for the converter. Moreover, the sensor was validated at different noise levels at various lengths and locations. The simulations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics® and MATLAB® and report a maximum sound pressure of 140 dB from 100 dB point sources in an enclosed air-filled cubic meter chamber.

An Energy Harvesting Comparison of Piezoelectric and Ionically Conductive Polymers

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Farinholt ◽  
Nicholas A. Pedrazas ◽  
David M. Schluneker ◽  
David W. Burt ◽  
Charles R. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymer

With advances in wireless communications and low power electronics there is an ever increasing need for efficient self-contained power systems. Traditional batteries are often selected for this purpose; however, there are limitations due to finite life-spans and the need to periodically recharge or replace the spent power source. One method to address this issue is the inclusion of an energy harvesting strategy that can scavenge energy from the surrounding environment and convert it into usable electrical energy. Since civil, industrial, and aerospace applications are often plagued with an overabundance of ambient vibrations, electromechanical transducers are often considered a viable choice for energy scavengers. In this study, two classes of transducer are considered: the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride and the ionically conductive ionic polymer transducer. Analytical models are formed for each material assuming axial loading and simulation results are compared with experimental results for each test. Each material is then compared to examine the effectiveness of their mechanoelectric conversion properties.

scholarly journals Flexible Smart Material With Excellent Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Rida Farhan ◽  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Umair Khan ◽  
Adil Eddiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Smart Structure ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Power Harvesting ◽  
The Past

The field of power harvesting has experienced significant growth over the past few years due to the ever-increasing desire to produce portable and wireless electronics with extended lifespans. The present work aims to introduce an approach to harvesting electrical energy from a mechanically excited piezoelectric element and investigates a power analytical model generated by a smart structure of type polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) that can be stuck onto fabrics and flexible substrates, although we report the effects of various substrates and investigates the sticking of these substrates on the characterization of the piezoelectric material.

scholarly journals Multiscale-structuring of polyvinylidene fluoride for energy harvesting: the impact of molecular-, micro- and macro-structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3091-3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoying Wan ◽  
Christopher Rhys Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
The Impact

Energy harvesting exploits ambient sources of energy such as mechanical loads, vibrations, human motion, waste heat, light or chemical sources and converts them into useful electrical energy.

Modeling and analysis of the effect of substrate on the flexible piezoelectric films for kinetic energy harvesting from textiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3349-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
H Jaouani ◽  
H Ennamiri ◽  
A Eddiai ◽  
A Hajjaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Smart Structure ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Woven Textile

In the last few years, a lot of research focused on increasing of smart textiles products such as woven and knitted structures, which are able to show significant change in their mechanical properties (such as shape and stiffness), in a practical way in response to the stimuli. In this paper, we investigate the potential of a flexible piezoelectric film stuck onto three woven textile matrices: cotton, polyester/cotton, and Kermel, for harvesting mechanical energy from the textile and converting it into electrical energy. At first, a brief introduction of energy harvesting using the piezoelectric material and smart textile is presented. Furthermore, a basic model showing the operation of polyvinylidene fluoride with 33 mode is established. The second part is focused on standard approach model of energy harvesting based on resistive load and freestanding piezo-polymer for the examination of the performance of 33-mode polyvinylidene fluoride energy harvester and the prediction of harvested energy quantity. A power analytical model generated by a smart structure type polyvinylidene fluoride that can be stuck onto fabrics and flexible substrates is investigated. On the other hand, the effects of various substrates and the sticking of these substrates on the piezoelectric material are reported. Additionally, the output power density of this theoretical model of woven textile matrices could reach a value that was seven times higher than freestanding piezo-polymer. Three types of the substrates have been compared as function of excitation frequency and the compressive applied force.

Study of Energy Harvesting Performance of Wet-Stretched PVDF Nanofibers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghid Najjar ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Xiao Hu ◽  
Vince Beachley ◽  
Wei Xue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Wearable Systems

An average human body produces a large amount of energy throughout the day. A significant portion of this energy is utilized as mechanical energy. Body movement such as footfalls and arm swings can produce enough energy to power portable electronics using mechanical-to-electrical energy harvesters. These devices should be small, light, portable, and flexible. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has shown a high biocompatibility and is a suitable candidate for energy harvesting applications. Moreover, PVDF can be produced in large quantities while still maintaining a low cost. Electrospinning is a common process used to prepare PVDF nanofibers. Here we introduce a novel technique called wet-stretched electrospinning to further increase the amount of energy generated by the PVDF devices. Our initial results show that the wet-stretched nanofibers outperform the regular PVDF nanofibers by up to 12 times under similar conditions. These promising results suggest that the proposed method has great potential to be utilized as a major improvement from the traditional electrospinning process of PVDF. These findings are significant and are especially pertinent to the field of energy harvesters designed for powering medical devices or wearable systems.

scholarly journals Emerging Energy Harvesting Technology for Electro/Photo-Catalytic Water Splitting Application

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Jianfei Tang ◽  
Tianle Liu ◽  
Sijia Miao ◽  
Yuljae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Splitting System

In recent years, we have experienced extreme climate changes due to the global warming, continuously impacting and changing our daily lives. To build a sustainable environment and society, various energy technologies have been developed and introduced. Among them, energy harvesting, converting ambient environmental energy into electrical energy, has emerged as one of the promising technologies for a variety of energy applications. In particular, a photo (electro) catalytic water splitting system, coupled with emerging energy harvesting technology, has demonstrated high device performance, demonstrating its great social impact for the development of the new water splitting system. In this review article, we introduce and discuss in detail the emerging energy-harvesting technology for photo (electro) catalytic water splitting applications. The article includes fundamentals of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic water splitting and water splitting applications coupled with the emerging energy-harvesting technologies using piezoelectric, piezo-phototronic, pyroelectric, triboelectric, and photovoltaic effects. We comprehensively deal with different mechanisms in water splitting processes with respect to the energy harvesting processes and their effect on the water splitting systems. Lastly, new opportunities in energy harvesting-assisted water splitting are introduced together with future research directions that need to be investigated for further development of new types of water splitting systems.

Experimental Research of Energy Harvesting and Storage Based on Ferroelectric Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1336-1340
Author(s):  
Kai Feng Li ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Lin Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Energy Scavenging ◽  
And Storage

The concept of energy harvesting works towards developing self-powered devices that do not require replaceable power supplies. Energy scavenging devices are designed to capture the ambient energy surrounding the electronics and convert it into usable electrical energy. A number of sources of harvestable ambient energy exist, including waste heat, vibration, electromagnetic waves, wind, flowing water, and solar energy. While each of these sources of energy can be effectively used to power remote sensors, the structural and biological communities have placed an emphasis on scavenging vibrational energy with ferroelectric materials. Ferroelectric materials have a crystalline structure that provide a unique ability to convert an applied electrical potential into a mechanical strain or vice versa. Based on the properties of the material, this paper investigates the technique of power harvesting and storage.

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