Evaluation of Dust Deposition on Parabolic Trough Collectors in the Visible and Infrared Spectrum

Solar energy is mostly harnessed in arid areas where a high concentration of atmospheric dust represents a major environmental degradation factor. Gravitationally settled particles and other solid particles on the surface of the photovoltaic panels or thermal collectors greatly reduce the absorbed solar energy. Therefore, frequent cleaning schedules are required, consuming high quantities of water in regions where water precipitation is rare. The efficiency of this cleaning maintenance is greatly improved when methods to estimate the degree of cleanness are introduced. This work focuses on the need for better detecting the degradation created by dust deposition, considering experimental data based on different air pollutants, and analyzing the resulting thermal and visible signatures under different operating environments. Experiments are performed using six different types of pollutants applied to the surface of parabolic trough collectors while varying the pollutant density. The resulting reflectivity in the visible and infrared spectrum is calculated and compared. Results indicate that the pollutants can be distinguished, although the reflectivity greatly depends on the combination of the particle size of the pollutant and the applied amount, with greater impact from pollutants with small particles.

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Fabrication and analysis of Zinc coated Galvanized plain sheet based parabolic trough collector for solar energy application

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 1335-1339

Author(s):

Ipsita Singh ◽

Kiran Kumari ◽

Simran Multani ◽

Parveen Goyal

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Parabolic Trough ◽

Parabolic Trough Collector ◽

Solar Energy Application ◽

Energy Application

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Film Elasticity and Film Stabilization in Firefighting Foam Stabilized by Solid Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.346 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 744 ◽

pp. 346-349

Author(s):

Xiu Juan Li ◽

Rui Song Guo ◽

Min Zhao

Keyword(s):

Life Time ◽

Liquid Films ◽

Thin Liquid Films ◽

Solid Particles ◽

High Concentration ◽

Hydration Effect ◽

Fixed Area ◽

The Stability ◽

Hydration Layers ◽

Hydration Forces

The structure of the thin liquid films determines the stability of foams and emulsions. In this work the bubbles stretched length with different hollow SiO2 particles concentration is measured when the foam has been stilled for different time. The results show that the bubbles stretched length is longer than that of bubbles when the foam is free of hollow SiO2 particles even when the foam has been stilled for 500mins. The bubbles stretched length increases with increasing the concentration of hollow SiO2 particles. A strong hydration effect leaves a large volume of hydration layers on the solid particles surfaces in aqueous solutions. The water in hydration layers can help the film keep a certain thickness. The existence of hydration forces leads that two particles cannot be too close each other. The high concentration surfactant limited in the fixed area helps the film keep good elasticity. Therefore the film has a long life time with compatible thickness and elasticity and the three-phrase foam is upper stable.

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Development of an Innovative Code for the Design of Different Parabolic Trough Solar Fields

ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/es2009-90459 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ennio Macchi ◽

Giampaolo Manzolini ◽

Paolo Silva

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Fluid Temperature ◽

Parabolic Trough ◽

High Solar Radiation ◽

Power Block ◽

The Usa ◽

Solar Field ◽

Steam Cycle

The role of renewable energies and in particular solar energy could be fundamental in future scenarios of worldwide increase of energy demand: thermodynamic solar energy can play an important role in country with high solar radiation. This paper discusses the development and testing of an innovative code for the prediction of thermodynamic performances at nominal conditions and the estimation of costs of the whole plant, for different parabolic trough solar fields. The code allows a preliminary design of the solar field lay-out, the sizing of the main components of the plant and the optimization of the steam cycle. The code, named PATTO (PArabolic Trough Thermodynamic Optimization), allows to separately calculate the thermal efficiency of (i) parabolic trough systems in commerce as well as (ii) combination of components of various commercial systems, in order to exploit different technology solutions: combination of mirrors, receivers and supports. Using the selected parabolic troughs, the plant configuration is then completed by connecting pipes, heat exchangers, the steam cycle, and storage tanks. The code is also flexible in terms of working fluid, temperature and pressure range. Regarding the power block, a conventional steam cycle with super-heater and re-heater sections and up to seven regenerative bleedings is adopted. It is possible to use also simpler configuration as without re-heater or with less regenerative bleedings. Moreover, thanks to simple or sophisticated economic correlations depending on available data, the code calculates the overall investment cost for the considered solar field and the power block. The code performs steady state analysis at nominal conditions, while future developments are planned regarding part load analysis and transient simulations. The model is tested towards real applications and reference values found in literature; in particular, focusing on SEGS VI plant in the USA. Detailed results showing code potentiality, are presented in terms of solar field and power block energy balances, plant auxiliaries, piping and economic analysis.

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Performance Enhancement of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector Using Intensified Ray Convergence System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.867.191 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 867 ◽

pp. 191-194

Author(s):

Anbu Manimaran Sukanta ◽

M. Niranjan Sakthivel ◽

Gopalsamy Manoranjith ◽

Loganathan Naveen Kumar

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Solar Flux ◽

Parabolic Trough ◽

Parabolic Trough Collector ◽

Chrome Coating ◽

Convergence System ◽

And Performance

Solar Energy is one of the forms of Renewable Energy that is available abundantly. This work is executed on the enhancement of the performance of solar parabolic trough collector using Intensified Ray Convergence System (IRCS). This paper distinguishes between the performance of solar parabolic trough collector with continuous dual axis tracking and a fixed solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) facing south (single axis tracking). The simulation and performance of the solar radiations are visualized and analyzed using TRACEPRO 6.0.2 software. The improvement in absorption of solar flux was found to be enhanced by 39.06% in PTC using dual axis tracking, absorption of solar flux increases by 52% to 200% in PTC receiver using perfect mirror than PTC using black chrome coating.

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Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3974

Author(s):

Tuba M. Ansary ◽

Md. Razib Hossain ◽

Koji Kamiya ◽

Mayumi Komine ◽

Mamitaro Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Delayed Wound Healing ◽

Different Types ◽

Aged Skin ◽

Inflammatory Molecules ◽

Complex Organ

Skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body comprised of multiple layers with different types of cells. Different kinds of environmental stressors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), temperature, air pollutants, smoking, and diet, accelerate skin aging by stimulating inflammatory molecules. Skin aging caused by UVR is characterized by loss of elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, reduced epidermal and dermal components, increased epidermal permeability, delayed wound healing, and approximately 90% of skin aging. These external factors can cause aging through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, as well as aged skin is a source of circulatory inflammatory molecules which accelerate skin aging and cause aging-related diseases. This review article focuses on the inflammatory pathways associated with UVR-mediated skin aging.

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Effects of Aerosols and Clouds on the Levels of Surface Solar Radiation and Solar Energy in Cyprus

10.20944/preprints202105.0138.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ilias Fountoulakis ◽

Panagiotis Kosmopoulos ◽

Kyriakoula Papachristopoulou ◽

Panagiotis-Ioannis Raptis ◽

Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Low Latitude ◽

High Quality ◽

Surface Solar Radiation ◽

Satellite Retrievals ◽

Different Types ◽

Fine Resolution

Cyprus plans to drastically increase the share of renewable energy sources from 13.9% in 2020 to 22.9% in 2030. Solar energy can play a key role in the effort to fulfil this goal. The potential for production of solar energy over the island is much higher than most of European territory because of the low latitude of the island and the nearly cloudless summers. In this study, high quality and fine resolution satellite retrievals of aerosols and dust, from the newly developed MIDAS climatology, as well as information for clouds from CMSAF are used in order to quantify the effects of aerosols, dust, and clouds on the levels of surface solar radiation (SSR) and the corresponding financial loss for different types of installations for production of solar energy. An SSR climatology has been also developed based on the above information. Ground-based measurements were also incorporated to study the contribution of different species to the aerosol mixture and the effects of day-to-day variability of aerosols on SSR. Aerosols attenuate 5 – 10% of annual GHI and 15 – 35% of annual DNI, while clouds attenuate ~25 – 30% and 35 – 50% respectively. Dust is responsible for 30 – 50% of the overall attenuation by aerosols.

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Interrelationship of Indoor particulate matter and Respiratory dust deposition of women in the residence of Dhanbad City, India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-446710/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SHRAVAN KUMAR ◽

Manish Kumar Jain

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Health Risks ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Dust Deposition ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air Pollutants ◽

Indoor Conditions

Abstract Women spend relatively more time in indoor conditions in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to Household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's Respiratory problems. We measured size segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head-airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) region for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5 & PM1) were investigated. For different positions like Light exercise and the Sitting condition, RDD values found for AL region was 0.091 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012–0.408) and 0.028 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003–0.126) for PM10, 0.325 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053–1.521) and 0.183 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031–0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043–1.04) and 0.057 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009–0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increases as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirm that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).

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Fading Time Study on Prepared Thymolphthalein, Phenolphthalein and their Mixture Disappearing Ink

Research Journal of Textile and Apparel ◽

10.1108/rjta-12-01-2008-b002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

S.A. Shama ◽

M.M. El-Molla ◽

Riad F. Basalah ◽

S. El-Sayed Saeed

Keyword(s):

Thermal Effect ◽

Time Study ◽

High Concentration ◽

Different Types ◽

The Stability ◽

Fading Time

Disappearing ink was prepared using different concentrations of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and their mixture, applying to different types of handwriting surfaces such as cotton, polyester and polyamide. The effects of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and alkali concentrations (i.e. pH) on the fading time were studied. The handwriting stability increased when the concentration of thymolphthalein or phenolphthalein was increased. At a high concentration of alkali with phenolphthalein and its mixture with thymolphthalein, the handwriting stability decreased with polyester or polyamide handwriting surfaces and the stability increased in the case of cotton. When the faded handwriting surfaces were subject to the thermal effect in a thermostatically controlled oven at 100°C for 10 minutes by hanging them with suitable hooks, there was no change in the faded handwriting. When they were at 150°C for 20 minutes, the faded phenolphthalein ink, which contained 0.5ml of 1N NaOH, was visible and shown red on the polyester and polyamide handwriting surfaces, but there was no change on the faded cotton handwriting surface.

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