scholarly journals Analysis of Whole-Body Coordination Patterning in Successful and Faulty Spikes Using Self-Organising Map-Based Cluster Analysis: A Secondary Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Javad Sarvestan ◽  
Zdeněk Svoboda ◽  
Fatemeh Alaei ◽  
Franky Mulloy
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Ball Impact ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Self Organising Map

This study investigated the whole-body coordination patterning in successful and faulty spikes using self-organising map-based cluster analysis. Ten young, elite volleyball players (aged 15.5 ± 0.7 years) performed 60 volleyball spikes in a real-game environment. Adopting the cluster analysis, based on a self-organising map, whole-body coordination patterning was explored between successful and faulty spikes of individual players. The self-organising maps (SOMs) portrayed whole body, lower and upper limb coordination dissimilarities during the jump phase and the ball impact phases between the successful and faulty spikes. The cluster analysis illustrated that the whole body, upper limb and lower limb coordination patterning of each individual’s successful spikes were similar to their faulty spikes. Range of motion patterning also demonstrated no differences in kinematics between spike outcomes. Further, the upper limb angular velocity patterning of the players’ successful/faulty spikes were similar. The SPM analysis portrayed significant differences between the normalized upper limb angular velocities from 35% to 45% and from 76% to 100% of the spike movement. Although the lower limb angular velocities are vital for achieving higher jumps in volleyball spikes, the results of this study portrayed that the upper limb angular velocities distinguish the differences between successful and faulty spikes among the attackers. This confirms the fact that volleyball coaches should shift their focus toward the upper limb velocity and coordination training for higher success rates in spiking for volleyball attackers.

scholarly journals Rapid and flexible whole body postural responses are evoked from perturbations to the upper limb during goal-directed reaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1070-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Lowrey ◽  
Joseph Y. Nashed ◽  
Stephen H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Behavioral Context ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Muscle Responses ◽  
Behavioral Goal

An important aspect of motor control is the ability to perform tasks with the upper limbs while maintaining whole body balance. However, little is known about the coordination of upper limb voluntary and whole body postural control after mechanical disturbances that require both upper limb motor corrections to attain a behavioral goal and lower limb motor responses to maintain whole body balance. The present study identified the temporal organization of muscle responses and center of pressure (COP) changes following mechanical perturbations during reaching. Our results demonstrate that muscle responses in the upper limb are evoked first (∼50 ms), with lower limb muscle activity occurring immediately after, in as little as ∼60 ms after perturbation. Hand motion was immediately altered by the load, while COP changes occurred after ∼100 ms, when lower limb muscle activity was already present. Our secondary findings showed that both muscle activity and COP changes were influenced by behavioral context (by altering target shape, circle vs. rectangle). Voluntary and postural actions initially directed the hand toward the center of both target types, but after the perturbation upper limb and postural responses redirected the hand toward different spatial locations along the rectangle. Muscle activity was increased for both upper and lower limbs when correcting to the circle vs. the rectangle, and these differences emerged as early as the long-latency epoch (∼75–120 ms). Our results demonstrate that postural responses are rapidly and flexibly altered to consider the behavioral goal of the upper limb. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present work establishes that, when reaching to a target while standing, perturbations applied to the upper limb elicit a rapid response in lower limb muscles. Unlike voluntary movements, postural responses do not occur before corrections of the upper limb. We show the first evidence that corrective postural adjustments are modulated by upper limb behavioral context (target shape). Importantly, this indicates that postural responses take into account upper limb feedback for online control.

Improvements in vascular function in response to acute lower limb heating in young healthy males and females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jem L. Cheng ◽  
Jennifer S. Williams ◽  
Sven Hoekstra ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vascular Conductance

Regular exposure to passive heat stress improves vascular function, but the optimal heating prescription remains undefined. Local limb heating is more feasible than whole body heating, but the evidence demonstrating its efficacy is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute improvements in vascular function can be achieved with lower limb heating in 16 young healthy individuals (8 female, 8 male). In separate visits, participants underwent 45-min of ankle- and knee-level hot water immersion (45 °C). A subset of 7 participants also participated in a time-control visit. Endothelial function was assessed through simultaneous brachial and superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) tests. Macrovascular function was quantified by %FMD, while microvascular function was quantified by vascular conductance during reactive hyperemia. Arterial stiffness was assessed through carotid-femoral and femoral-foot pulse wave velocity (PWV). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and extracellular heat shock protein-72 (eHSP72) were used as indicators of inflammation. Our findings showed that 45-min of lower limb heating - regardless of condition - acutely improved upper limb macrovascular endothelial function (i.e., brachial %FMD; Pre: 4.6±1.7 vs. Post: 5.4±2.0%; P=0.004) and lower limb arterial stiffness (i.e., femoral-foot PWV; Pre: 8.4±1.2 vs. Post: 7.7±1.1 m/s; P=0.011). However, only knee-level heating increased upper limb microvascular endothelial function (i.e., brachial peak vascular conductance; Pre: 6.3±2.7 vs. Post: 7.8±3.5 ml/min⋅mmHg; P≤0.050) and plasma eHSP72 concentration (Pre: 12.4±9.4 vs. Post: 14.8±9.8 ng/ml; P≤0.050). These findings show that local lower limb heating acutely improves vascular function in younger individuals, with knee-level heating improving more outcome measures.

Hand Injury in Rock Climbing: Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pozzi ◽  
G. Pivato ◽  
L. Pegoli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Hand Injury ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sport Injuries ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Hand Surgeon ◽  
Serious Injuries

With the amazing increasing in number of participants, rock climbing has become a popular sport in the last decade. A growing number of participants, with different skill level, inevitably leads to an increased number of injuries related to this practice. The kind of lesions that can be observed in rock-climbers is very specific and often involves the hand. For this reason is very important for any hand surgeon that is exposed to sport injuries to know which and the most common injuries related to this sport and which are the basic principles for the treatment of those. The aim of this article is to review the literature that has been published in the last ten year in this topic. On the NCBI database 22 articles where found that where related to rock climbing lesion affecting the hand or the whole body. Differences where found according to kind of rock climbing activity that was analyzed, alpine climb leads to more serious injuries, often affecting the lower limb, while in sport and recreational rock climbing the upper limb and the hand are definitely the most affected parts. Flexor pulley lesions, followed by fractures and strains are the most common lesions affecting the hand that are related to this practice.

scholarly journals Trevor’s Disease: A Literature Review regarding Classification, Treatment, and Prognosis apropos of a Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Arealis ◽  
Vassilios S. Nikolaou ◽  
Andrew Lacon ◽  
Neil Ashwood ◽  
Keith Hayward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Bone Scan ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Trevor’S Disease ◽  
Treatment Prognosis ◽  
Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica

Background. Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) is rare and its main characteristic is osteochondromas of the epiphysis of long bones.Methods. We report a case of DEH of the ankle in an 8-year-old boy that was resected in 2005. Additionally we collect all the reported cases of DEH. The literature is reviewed regarding the treatment, prognosis, long term function, and patterns and areas affected by DEH.Results. In our case no complications were noted and our patient remains asymptomatic. Reviewing the literature we found that 73 authors have reported 144 cases from 1926 to 2013. We propose and describe a new classification that correlates with prognosis. According to our classification DEH is classified as types 1 with single lower limb involvement, 2 with multiple lower limb, 3 with single upper limb, 4 with multiple upper limb, 5 with upper and lower limb, and 6 with spine.Conclusions. All single lesions should be followed up and if indicated a whole body nuclear bone scan can be useful in identifying the existence of multiple affected joints. Type 1 lesions have better prognosis than 2 and have less chances of developing OA even if not resected. Resection, even if partial, can be a successful treatment for DEH.

Cardiac troponin I in patients with acute upper and lower limb ischemia

VASA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koutouzis ◽  
Sfyroeras ◽  
Moulakakis ◽  
Kontaras ◽  
Nikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Elevated Troponin ◽  
Troponin Elevation ◽  
Lower Limb Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Group

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence, etiology and clinical significance of elevated troponin I in patients with acute upper or lower limb ischemia. The high sensitivity and specificity of cardiac troponin for the diagnosis of myocardial cell damage suggested a significant role for troponin in the patients investigated for this condition. The initial enthusiasm for the diagnostic potential of troponin was limited by the discovery that elevated cardiac troponin levels are also observed in conditions other than acute myocardial infarction, even conditions without obvious cardiac involvement. Patients and Methods: 71 consecutive patients participated in this study. 31 (44%) of them were men and mean age was 75.4 ± 10.3 years (range 44–92 years). 60 (85%) patients had acute lower limb ischemia and the remaining (11; 15%) had acute upper limb ischemia. Serial creatine kinase (CK), isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and troponin I measurements were performed in all patients. Results: 33 (46%) patients had elevated peak troponin I (> 0.2 ng/ml) levels, all from the lower limb ischemia group (33/60 vs. 0/11 from the acute upper limb ischemia group; p = 0.04). Patients with lower limb ischemia had higher peak troponin I values than patients with upper limb ischemia (0.97 ± 2.3 [range 0.01–12.1] ng/ml vs. 0.04 ± 0.04 [0.01–0.14] ng/ml respectively; p = 0.003), higher peak CK values (2504 ± 7409 [range 42–45 940] U/ml vs. 340 ± 775 [range 34–2403] U/ml, p = 0.002, respectively, in the two groups) and peak CK-MB values (59.4 ± 84.5 [range 12–480] U/ml vs. 21.2 ± 9.1 [range 12–39] U/ml, respectively, in the two groups; p = 0.04). Peak cardiac troponin I levels were correlated with peak CK and CK-MB values. Conclusions: Patients with lower limb ischemia often have elevated troponin I without a primary cardiac source; this was not observed in patients presenting with acute upper limb ischemia. It is very important for these critically ill patients to focus on the main problem of acute limb ischemia and to attempt to treat the patient rather than the troponin elevation per se. Cardiac troponin elevation should not prevent physicians from providing immediate treatment for limb ischaemia to these patients, espescially when signs, symptoms and electrocardiographic findings preclude acute cardiac involvement.

Study on Pramana Shareera in relation to Prakriti

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Pai N. ◽  
U. Govindaraju
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Characteristic Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artificial Limbs ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Unit Of Measurement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Parts

Ayurveda in its principle has given importance to individualistic approach rather than generalize. Application of this examination can be clearly seem like even though two patients suffering from same disease, the treatment modality may change depending upon the results of Dashvidha Pariksha. Prakruti and Pramana both used in Dashvidha Pariksha. Both determine the health of the individual and Bala (strength) of Rogi (Patient). Ayurveda followed Swa-angula Pramana as the unit of measurement for measuring the different parts of the body which is prime step assessing patient before treatment. Sushruta and Charaka had stated different Angula Pramana of each Pratyanga (body parts). Specificity is the characteristic property of Swa-angula Pramana. This can be applicable in present era for example artificial limbs. A scientific research includes collection, compilation, analysis and lastly scrutiny of entire findings to arrive at a conclusion. Study of Pramana and its relation with Prakruti was conducted in 1000 volunteers using Prakruti Parkishan proforma with an objective of evaluation of Anguli Pramana in various Prakriti. It was observed co-relating Pramana in each Prakruti and Granthokta Pramana that there is no vast difference in measurement of head, upper limb and lower limb. The observational study shows closer relation of features with classical texts.

Computed tomography angiography and microsurgical flaps for traumatic wounds: What is the added value?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lucas Sousa Macedo ◽  
Renato Polese Rusig ◽  
Gustavo Bersani Silva ◽  
Alvaro Baik Cho ◽  
Teng Hsiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical flaps are widely used to treat complex traumatic wounds of upper and lower limbs. Few studies have evaluated whether the vascular changes in preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) influence the selection of recipient vessel and type of anastomosis and the microsurgical flaps outcomes including complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if preoperative CTA reduces the occurrence of major complications (revision of the anastomosis, partial or total flap failure, and amputation) of the flaps in upper and lower limb trauma, and to describe and analyze the vascular lesions of the group with CTA and its relationship with complications. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken with all 121 consecutive patients submitted to microsurgical flaps for traumatic lower and upper limb, from 2014 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with preoperative CTA (CTA+) and patients not submitted to CTA (CTA–). The presence of postoperative complications was assessed and, within CTA+, we also analyzed the number of patent arteries on CTA and described the arterial lesions. RESULTS: Of the 121 flaps evaluated (84 in the lower limb and 37 in the upper limb), 64 patients underwent preoperative CTA. In the CTA+ group, 56% of patients with free flaps for lower limb had complete occlusion of one artery. CTA+ patients had a higher rate of complications (p = 0.031), which may represent a selection bias as the most complex limb injuries and may have CTA indicated more frequently. The highest rate of complications was observed in chronic cases (p = 0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in complications in patients with preoperative vascular injury or the number of patent arteries. CONCLUSIONS: CTA should not be performed routinely, however, CTA may help in surgical planning, especially in complex cases of high-energy and chronic cases, since it provides information on the best recipient artery and the adequate level to perform the microanastomosis, outside the lesion area.

Trunk, Pelvis and Lower Limb Coordination between Anticipated and Unanticipated Sidestep Cutting in Females

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Dutaillis ◽  
David A Opar ◽  
Todd Pataky ◽  
Ryan G Timmins ◽  
Jack T Hickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Coordination

scholarly journals Audio-visual stimulation in conjunction with functional electrical stimulation to address upper limb and lower limb movement disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepesh Kumar ◽  
Sunny Verma ◽  
Sutapa Bhattacharya ◽  
Uttama Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lower Limb Movement ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Neurological disorders often manifest themselves in the form of movement deficit on the part of the patient. Conventional rehabilitation often used to address these deficits, though powerful are often monotonous in nature. Adequate audio-visual stimulation can prove to be motivational. In the research presented here we indicate the applicability of audio-visual stimulation to rehabilitation exercises to address at least some of the movement deficits for upper and lower limbs. Added to the audio-visual stimulation, we also use Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). In our presented research we also show the applicability of FES in conjunction with audio-visual stimulation delivered through VR-based platform for grasping skills of patients with movement disorder.

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