scholarly journals Frequency-Spectra-Based High Coding Capacity Chipless RFID Using an UWB-IR Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Kawther Mekki ◽  
Omrane Necibi ◽  
Hugo Dinis ◽  
Paulo Mendes ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Antenna Mode ◽  
Structural Mode

A novel methodology is proposed to reliably predict the resonant characteristics of a multipatch backscatter-based radio frequency identification (RFID) chipless tag. An ultra-wideband impulsion radio (UWB-IR)-based reader interrogates the chipless tag with a UWB pulse, and analyzes the obtained backscatter in the time domain. The RFID system consists of a radar cross-section (RCS)-based chipless tag containing a square microstrip patch antenna array in which the chipless tag is interrogated with a UWB pulse by an UWB-IR-based reader. The main components of the backscattered signal, the structural mode, and the antenna mode were identified and their spectral quality was evaluated. The study revealed that the antenna-mode backscatter includes signal carrying information, while the structural mode backscatter does not include any tag information. The simulation findings were confirmed by experimental measurements obtained in an anechoic chamber environment using a 6-bit multipatch chipless RFID tag. Finally, the novel technique does not use calibration tags and can freely orient tags with respect to the reader.

Investigation on the chipless RFID tag with a UWB pulse using a UWB IR-based reader

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kawther Mekki ◽  
Omrane Necibi ◽  
Hugo Dinis ◽  
Paulo Mendes ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Triangular Patch ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Working Principle

Abstract In order to encrypt/encode data based on the magnitude level of the radar cross-section (RCS), we propose an approach with a precise estimation considering the resonant characteristics of a multipatch backscatter-based chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) dedicated for chipless tags depolarization. The working principle is based on the polarization mismatch between the tag and the reader antenna to control the magnitude of the backscatter, which allows a reliable detection in real environments. We introduce in this paper a new 4-bit chipless RFID tag with an enhanced RCS, based on a triangular patch antenna with multiple resonators. Additionally, we propose an ultra-wideband impulse radar (UWB-IR)-based reader that interrogates the chipless tag with a UWB pulse, and the received backscatter was studied in both time- and frequency-domains. The antenna was operating from 4.7 to 6.1 GHz, a band allocated for RFID systems. The obtained experimental measurement results in the environment of anechoic chamber were exceptionally relevant to validate the simulation results.

scholarly journals On the application of the EM-imaging for chipless RFID tags

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zomorrodi ◽  
N.C. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Cost Item

The electromagnetic (EM) imaging technique at mm-band 60 GHz is proposed for data encoding purpose in the chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. The fully printable chipless RFID tag comprises tiny conductive EM polarizers to create high cross-polar radar cross-section. Synthetic aperture radar approach is applied for formation of the tag's EM-image and revealing the tag's content. The achieved high data encoding capacity of 2 bits/cm2in this technique based on a fully printable tag is very convincing for many applications. The system immunity to multipath interference, bending effect, and printing inaccuracy suggests huge potentials for low-cost item tagging. Tags are also readable through a tick paper envelop; hence secure identification is provided by the proposed technique.

A low-profile FSS-based high capacity chipless RFID tag for sensing and encoding applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shahid Habib ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani ◽  
Wagma Ayub ◽  
Syed Muzahir Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This paper presents a polarization-independent 11-bit chipless RFID tag based on frequency-selective surface which has been designed for encoding and relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The 10 exterior U-shaped resonators are used for item encoding whereas Kapton has been incorporated with the interior resonator for RH sensing. This radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operates in S- and C-frequency bands. The proposed design offers enhanced fractional bandwidth up to 88% with the density of 4.46 bits/cm2. Both single- and dual-layer tags have been investigated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results and a comparison with existing literature is presented to show the performance. Simple geometry, high code density, large frequency signature bandwidth, high magnitude bit, high radar cross-section, and angular stability for more than 75° are the unique outcomes of the proposed design. In addition, RH sensing has been achieved by integrating the Kapton on the same RFID tag.

scholarly journals High-Density 3D Printable Chipless RFID Tag with Structure of Passive Slot Rings

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Ma ◽  
Yanfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Rectangular Slot ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Electric Field Direction

A three-dimensional (3D) printable chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, with high density and sensitivity, is proposed and fulfilled on insulator substrates. By printing a rectangular slot ring and designing specific geometry on the substrate, the printed structure shows high sensitivity in a resonant manner, with the benefits of high density and low cost. Considering the multiple rectangular rings with different sizes in a concentric distribution, a bit coding sequence can be observed in frequency spectra because of the corresponding different resonant frequencies aroused by the printed slots. In this way, the 3D printable chipless RFID tag can be fulfilled by adopting the structure of the rectangular slot ring on the insulated substrates. The main characteristics of the designed rectangular slot rings are verified on both flexible and solid substrates. A 12-bit chipless tag based on the slot ring structures is designed and implemented. The simulation and experiment results show good agreement on its characteristics. The frequency response reveals the fact that the 2th, 3th and 4th harmonic do not exist, which is a unique merit for improving the encoding capacity and the sensitivity of the corresponding reader. The electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave of the reader excitation tag is demonstrated to be wide, up to 90° on the tag horizontal plane, 30° on the vertical direction.

scholarly journals Frequency-Coded Chipless RFID Tags: Notch Model, Detection, Angular Orientation, and Coverage Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Alam ◽  
Maher Khaliel ◽  
Abdelfattah Fawky ◽  
Ahmed El-Awamry ◽  
Thomas Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Angular Orientation ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification

This paper focuses on the frequency coded chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wherein the tag’s information bits are physically encoded by the resonators’ notch position which has an effect on the frequency spectrum of the backscattered or retransmitted signal of the tag. In this regard, the notch analytical model is developed to consider the notch position and quality factor. Besides, the radar cross section (RCS) mathematical representation of the tag is introduced to consider the incident wave’s polarization and orientation angles. Hence, the influences of the incident wave’s orientation and polarization mismatches on the detection performance are quantified. After that, the tag measurement errors and limitations are comprehensively explained. Therefore, approaches to measureing RCS- and retransmission-based tags are introduced. Furthermore, the maximum reading range is theoretically calculated and practically verified considering the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ultra Wideband (UWB) regulations. In all simulations and experiments conducted, a mono-static configuration is considered, in which one antenna is utilized for transmission and reception.

scholarly journals Miniaturized Chipless RFID Tags Based on Periodically Loaded Microstrip Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4679-4684
Author(s):  
M. Added ◽  
K. Rabaani ◽  
S. Chabaan ◽  
N. Boulejfen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Microstrip Structure

A compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based on slow-wave technology is introduced in this paper. The tag consists of a resonant circuit based on open stub resonators periodically loaded by shunt stubs allowing a coding capacity of 9 bits and operating in a frequency range from 2 to 4GHz. The receiving and transmitting antennas of the tag are particularly designed to minimize the tag size as much as possible. The proposed tag presents a robust bit pattern with a compact and fully printable structure using FR4 substrate for a low-cost tag.

scholarly journals Chipless RFID tags and sensors: a review on time-domain techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Forouzandeh ◽  
Nemai Chandra Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification

In the past few years Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)has grown to be one of the most popular technologies in the area of identification systems. Following a brief survey of RFID systems, this paper provides a technical review of work undertaken in the field of time-domain chipless RFID tags and sensors. This paper aims not only to address the chipless tags which use Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) concept for data encoding but also for the use of Ultra-Wideband Impulse-Radar (UWB-IR) as a time-domain measurement technique. The penultimate section intends to focus on time-domain reading setups and finally, a brief comparison between this method and other chipless techniques is provided.

scholarly journals A Novel L-Shape Ultra Wideband Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification Tag

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Issa ◽  
Muhammad A. Ashraf ◽  
Mohammed R. AlShareef ◽  
Hatim Behairy ◽  
Saleh Alshebeili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
High Data ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Dual Polarized ◽  
5 Ghz

A novel compact dual-polarized-spectral-signature-based chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented. Specifically, an L-shape resonator-based structure is optimized to have different spectral signatures in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, in order to double the encoding capacity. Resonators’ slot width and the space between closely placed resonators are also optimized to enhance the mutual coupling, thereby helping in achieving high-data encoding density. The proposed RFID tag operates over 5 GHz to 10 GHz frequency band. As a proof of concept, three different 18-bit dual-polarized RFID tags are simulated, fabricated, and tested in an anechoic chamber environment. The measurement data show reasonable agreement with the simulation results, with respect to resonators’ frequency positions, null depth, and their bandwidth over the operational spectrum.

Design of Circular Patch Microstrip Antenna with Egg Slot for 2.4 GHz Ultra-Wideband Radio Frequency Identification (UWB RFID) Tag Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3414-3418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwono Rudy ◽  
Dwi A. Wahyu ◽  
Fauzan Edy P. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Circular Patch ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Circular Microstrip Antenna

This paper discusses concerning design of circular patch microstrip antenna for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags application in microwave band. Circular microstrip antenna is designed with an egg slot on the ground plane and feed line to get ultra wideband. The design of microstrip antenna using Phenolic White Paper-FR2 with dielectric constant (or) =4.5. Based on simulation results, the antenna shows it works at frequency 2128-4807 MHz with gain of-17,398 dBi. The rectangular stub, caused the decreasing of bandwidth but the gain increase. By adding a rectangular stub on the ground plane, antenna works at frequency 1166 3475 MHz with increasing gain of-2,733 dBi.

scholarly journals Long reading range for the frequency coded Chipless RFID system based on reflectarray antennas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Khaliel ◽  
Ahmed El-Awamry ◽  
Abdelfattah Fawky ◽  
Thomas Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Beam Characteristics

AbstractThis work proposes the utilization of a high gain and pencil beam reflectarray (RA) antenna at the reader of the frequency coded (FC) chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) system to minimize the environmental reflections and increase the reading range. Moreover, the reader antenna should operate over ultra wideband (UWB) range of frequencies to accommodate multiple bits. However, the conventional antenna arrays cannot operate over UWB range of frequencies with high gain and pencil beam characteristics. Therefore, a novel UWB RA antenna dedicated to the chipless RFID reader is developed. The developed RA antenna operates over UWB range of frequencies from 4 to 6GHzto fulfill the requirements of the FC chipless RFID system. Therefore, the antenna is successfully integrated with the FC chipless RFID tags, and a reading range of 1mis achieved.

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