Towards Clean and Safe Water: A Review on the Emerging Role of Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors

This review critically summarizes the knowledge of imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of pesticides, metal ions and waterborne pathogenic bacteria, focusing on the last five years. MIP-based electrochemical sensors exhibit low limits of detection (LOD), high selectivity, high sensitivity and low cost. We put the emphasis on the design of imprinted polymers and their composites and coatings by radical polymerization, oxidative polymerization of conjugated monomers or sol-gel chemistry. Whilst most imprinted polymers are used in conjunction with differential pulse or square wave voltammetry for sensing organics and metal ions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) appears as the chief technique for detecting bacteria or their corresponding proteins. Interestingly, bacteria could also be probed via their quorum sensing signaling molecules or flagella proteins. If much has been developed in the past decade with glassy carbon or gold electrodes, it is clear that carbon paste electrodes of imprinted polymers are more and more investigated due to their versatility. Shortlisted case studies were critically reviewed and discussed; clearly, a plethora of tricky strategies of designing selective electrochemical sensors are offered to “Imprinters”. We anticipate that this review will be of interest to experts and newcomers in the field who are paying time and effort combining electrochemical sensors with MIP technology.

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Towards Clean and Safe Water: A Review on the Emerging Role of Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors

10.20944/preprints202104.0623.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Zheng ◽

Sohayb Khaoulani ◽

Nadia Ktari ◽

Momath Lo ◽

Ahmed M. Khalil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Carbon Paste ◽

Imprinted Polymer ◽

Imprinted Polymers

This mini-review critically summarizes the knowledge of imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors, for the detection of pesticides, metal ions and waterborne pathogenic bacteria, focusing on the period the last 5 years (citation of 78 papers published in 2017-2021, ie 63% of total citations). MIP-based electrochemical sensors exhibit low limit of detection, high selectivity, high sensitivity and low cost. Herein, we focused on the timely topics of water pollution by organics, inorganics and micro-organisms represented by pesticides, metal ions and bacteria, respectively. We put the emphasis on the design of imprinted polymers and their composites and coatings by radical polymerization, oxidative polymerization of conjugated monomers or sol-gel chemistry. Whilst most imprinted polymers are used in conjunction with differential pulse or square wave voltammetry for sensing organics and metal ions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) appears as the chief technique for detecting bacteria. This successful combination of EIS and imprinting technology should be harnessed in the coming years in the case of bacteria. Interestingly, bacteria are not always probed by bacteria-imprinted polymers; we report here their detection by monitoring specific (macro)molecules that reflect bacterial activity, for example quorum sensing signaling molecules or flagella proteins. If much has been developed in the past decade with glassy carbon or gold electrodes, it is clear that carbon paste electrodes of imprinted polymers are more and more investigated due to their versatility. Shortlisted case studies were critically reviewed and discussed; clearly a plethora of tricky strategies of designing selective electrochemical sensors are offered to “Imprinters”. We anticipate this review will be of interest to experts and new comers in the field who are paying time and effort combining electrochemical sensors with MIP technology.

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A simple approach to prepare fluorescent molecularly imprinted nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra10618f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 7732-7737

Author(s):

Fenying Wang ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Tingting Wang ◽

Yu Jin ◽

Baoping Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Silica Sol ◽

Simple Approach ◽

Imprinted Polymer ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles

Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (FMIP) gains great attention in many fields due to their low cost, good biocompatibility and low toxicity. Here, a high-performance FMIP was prepared based on the autocatalytic silica sol–gel reaction.

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Electrochemical Sensors for Food Contaminants Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4607

Author(s):

Dounia Elfadil ◽

Abderrahman Lamaoui ◽

Flavio Della Pelle ◽

Aziz Amine ◽

Dario Compagnone

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Electrochemical Analysis ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

Food Contaminants ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Imprinted Polymers

Detection of relevant contaminants using screening approaches is a key issue to ensure food safety and respect for the regulatory limits established. Electrochemical sensors present several advantages such as rapidity; ease of use; possibility of on-site analysis and low cost. The lack of selectivity for electrochemical sensors working in complex samples as food may be overcome by coupling them with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs are synthetic materials that mimic biological receptors and are produced by the polymerization of functional monomers in presence of a target analyte. This paper critically reviews and discusses the recent progress in MIP-based electrochemical sensors for food safety. A brief introduction on MIPs and electrochemical sensors is given; followed by a discussion of the recent achievements for various MIPs-based electrochemical sensors for food contaminants analysis. Both electropolymerization and chemical synthesis of MIP-based electrochemical sensing are discussed as well as the relevant applications of MIPs used in sample preparation and then coupled to electrochemical analysis. Future perspectives and challenges have been eventually given.

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Characterization and Electrochemical Performances of Vanadium Oxide Films Doped with Metal Ions

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.537.174 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 537 ◽

pp. 174-178

Author(s):

Ji Chao Wang ◽

Guang Ming Wu ◽

Guo Hua Gao ◽

Xiao Wei Zhou

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Vanadium Oxide ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Electrochemical Techniques ◽

Oxide Films ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Vanadium Oxide Films

Vanadium oxide films were prepared via the sol–gel process and dip coating method, using V2O5as raw materials and H2O2(volume fraction 30) as the solvent. Mn and Ni ions were added to vanadium oxide sol to prepare doping vanadium oxide films. The films were characterized by atomic force microscopy, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical techniques. The add-on of Metal ions will not affect the morphology of the vanadium oxide films, but change the valence of vanadium ion and vanadium oxide crystal phase. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry curves show that metal ions doping vanadium oxide films exhibit reversible electrochemical reaction. But electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates pure vanadium oxide film has a better diffusion rate.

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Study on the Performance of the Ionic Liquids [Emim]CH3SO3 and [Emim]PF6 to Prepare the Biosensor of the Detection of Heavy Metals in Seawater

Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems ◽

10.14447/jnmes.v20i1.288 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 013-020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuhui Ma ◽

Shipeng Zhao ◽

Shuping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sensor Applications ◽

Electrochemical Window ◽

Significant Difference

Electrochemical sensors can detect the heavy metal ions in seawater quickly, conveniently and accurately with the advantages such as the fast detection speed, the simple operability and the low cost. The ionic liquid [Emim]CH3SO3 showed excellent electrochemical performance and could meet the initial application requirements as electrochemical sensors. The characters of the ionic liquids [Emim]CH3SO3 and [Emim]PF6 which include IR, LC-MS, conductivity, electrochemical window and viscosity were detected. The influ-ence of trace impurity on the conductivity of the ionic liquids was investigated. Results suggested that the conductivity of the ionic liquids increased with the concentration of the added organic solvents. In addition, though the conductivity of the ionic liquids increased with temperature, there is no significant difference in the influence of the same impurity at varying temperatures. Muti Walls Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) are appropriate materials which are commonly used materials for electrochemical sensor applications. The effect of theImidaz-olium-based ionic liquids on the performance of the conductivity of the MWCNTs was studied. It was found that Ionic liquid is an excellent extraction agent for metal ions and its presence in the sensor system improves significantly the detection of heavy metal ions.

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Magnetic and Mesoporous Silica-Niobia Material as Modifier of Carbon Paste Electrode for p-Nitrophenol Electrochemical Determination

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society ◽

10.21577/0103-5053.20200215 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oleg Tkachenko ◽

Danielle da Rosa ◽

Anike Virgili ◽

Marcos Vasconcellos ◽

Tania Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Carbon Paste Electrode ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Differential Pulse ◽

Carbon Paste ◽

Wide Range ◽

Paste Electrode

In the present work, the sol-gel synthesis method was employed as strategy to obtain a magnetic and mesoporous silica-niobia material. The planned synthesis was based on the heterocondensation of niobium and silicon alkoxide precursors, in the presence of spherical magnetite particles. The resulting material presented interesting characteristics such as magnetism, large mesopores, in the range from 20 to 50 nm, and 68 m2 g−1 of surface area. These features allowed its use as modifier of carbon paste electrode for p-nitrophenol determination, since niobia has never been used in electrochemical sensors for the determination of nitrophenol compounds. By using differential pulse voltammetry technique, the electrode can be applied in a wide range of p-nitrophenol concentration, from 10 to 490 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 1.2 µmol L−1 and sensitivity up to 0.60 µA L µmol−1. The proposed electrode presented good sensitivity and selectivity and it was applied in real water samples.

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MXene/Ag2CrO4 Nanocomposite as Supercapacitors Electrode

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6008

Author(s):

Tahira Yaqoob ◽

Malika Rani ◽

Arshad Mahmood ◽

Rubia Shafique ◽

Safia Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

X Ray ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Bonding Structure ◽

Electron Transfer Rate Constant ◽

Co Precipitation

MXene/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposite was synthesized effectively by means of superficial low-cost co-precipitation technique in order to inspect its capacitive storage potential for supercapacitors. MXene was etched from MAX powder and Ag2CrO4 spinel was synthesized by an easy sol-gel scheme. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) revealed an addition in inter-planar spacing from 4.7 Å to 6.2 Å while Ag2CrO4 nanoparticles diffused in form of clusters over MXene layers that had been explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) demonstrated the elemental analysis. Raman spectroscopy opens the gap between bonding structure of as-synthesized nanocomposite. From photoluminence (PL) spectra the energy band gap value 3.86 eV was estimated. Electrode properties were characterized by applying electrochemical observations such as cyclic voltammetry along with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for understanding redox mechanism and electron transfer rate constant Kapp. Additionally, this novel work will be an assessment to analyze the capacitive behavior of electrode in different electrolytes such as in acidic of 0.1 M H2SO4 has specific capacitance Csp = 525 F/g at 10 mVs−1 and much low value in basic of 1 M KOH electrolyte. This paper reflects the novel synthesis and applications of MXene/Ag2CrO4 nanocomposite electrode fabrication in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.

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MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER NANOPARTICLES (MIP-NPs) APPLICATIONS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i6.35088 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

DIANE FAUZI ◽

FEBRINA AMELIA SAPUTRI

Keyword(s):

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽

High Stability ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Environmental Contaminants ◽

Polymer Nanoparticles ◽

Selective Recognition ◽

Imprinted Polymer ◽

Molecularly Imprinted ◽

Imprinted Polymers

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) is a polymer that binds together to form a specific binding site that is selective for certain analytes. Its high stability, its synthesize simplicity, and it can ease costs significantly make it was applied widely as a receptor instead of antibodies or enzymes. MIPs can be re-developed into MIPs nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) which have greater potential. MIPs use in electrochemical sensors have relevant applications in daily life and have been tested in human samples. Electrochemical sensors have been successfully functioned with MIP-NPs leading to real-time monitoring of drugs, pesticides, environmental contaminants, and secondary metabolites, as well as molecules with biological relevance. The aim of this review is to summarize the developments and applications of MIP-NPs as a selective recognition component in electrochemical sensors with special emphasis on their analytical applications.

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