scholarly journals A Bond-Wire Drift Offset Minimized Capacitance-to-Digital Interface for MEMS Accelerometer with Gain-Enhanced VCO-Based Quantization and Nested Digital Chopping Feedback Loops

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4627
Author(s):  
Fanyang Li ◽  
Tao Yin ◽  
Haigang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Offset Cancellation ◽  
Bond Wire

This paper presents an output offset minimized capacitance-to-digital interface for a MEMS accelerometer. With a gain-enhanced voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based quantization loop, the interface is able to output a digital signal with improved dynamic range. For optimizing the output offset caused by nonideal factors (e.g., the bond-wire drift), a nested digital chopping feedback loop is embedded in the VCO-based quantization loop. It enables the interface to minimize the output offset without digital filtering and digital-to-analog conversion. The proposed architecture is well suited for dynamic range and offset improvements with low cost. Fabricated with a 0.18 μm Global Foundry (GF) CMOS process, the interface offers a 78 dB dynamic range with 0.4% nonlinearity from a single 2 V supply. With the input referred offset up to 1.3 pF, the offset cancellation loop keeps the DC output offset within 40 mV. The power dissipation is 6.5 mW with a bandwidth of 4 kHz.

Design of a Digital Tower Tilting Measuring Instrument Based on MEMS Sensor

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 608-612
Author(s):  
Tie Liu Wang ◽  
Yang Dong ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
Kui Leng ◽  
Hao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Remote Server ◽  
Embedded Microprocessor

Abstract: This article introduces a new digital inclinometer . It is designed by the combination of MEMS sensors and LPC1114 which is popular with low-power, low-cost 32-bit cortex-M0 embedded microprocessor on the market. Kalman fitter the Digital signal output of MEMS accelerometer and gyroscope . Then calculate the inclination angle in degrees. Finally, transfers data to a remote server. The instrument is low cost, fast signal processing speed, and solar green energy. It has a small size, light weight, high accuracy and high precision. Then, it can be widely used in the tower tilting real-time monitoring of electricity, buildings, bridges and gravity reference system.

Use of a vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer for surface microgravimetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Topham ◽  
Milind Pandit ◽  
Zhijun Du ◽  
Guillermo Sobreviela ◽  
Douglas Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Earth Tides ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Ocean Loading ◽  
Teleseismic Events

<p>A vibrating beam MEMS gravimeter with an Allan deviation of 9 μGal for a 1000 s integration time, a noise floor of 10 μGal/√Hz, and measurement over the full ±1 g dynamic range (1 g = 9.81 ms<sup>−2</sup>) is presented. In addition to a direct digital signal output, the sensor system possesses built-in tilt compensation capabilities and a 2-stage temperature control that is stable to 500 µK.</p><p>Instances of Earth tidal tracking and ground motion records corresponding to several teleseismic events are demonstrated. The output response from tracking of the Earth tides is compared to the data obtained from the software TSoft and a statistical correlation R of 0.92 is obtained between the conditioned MEMS dataset over a period of ~4 days and the predicted Earth tides model from TSoft following correction for ocean loading effects.</p><p>The device also recorded the ground motion from several teleseismic events during the testing period, a prominent event among them is the 6.2 M<sub>L</sub> earthquake near to Petrinja, Croatia, which occurred on December 29<sup>th</sup>, 2020. The MEMS sensor has demonstrated excellent performance as a long-period seismometer and the response is compared to the seismograms recorded by two nearby BGS broadband seismic stations. </p><p>Advances in microgravity sensor detection capability will be shown to match feasibility modelling for void detection. Results demonstrate that a vibrating beam MEMS accelerometer can be used for measurements requiring high levels of stability and resolution with wider implications for precision measurement. Gravimetry use to warn of imminent failures due to a range of shallow hazards include assessing damage in the built environment, transmission losses in utilities, territory breach and storage containment loss.</p>

Novel Discrete Components Based Speed Controller for Induction Motor

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Hussain Attia ◽  
Ali Sagafinia
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Electronic Design

This paper presents an electronic design based on general purpose discrete components for speed control of a single phase induction motor drive. The MOSFETs inverter switching is controlled using Sampled Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques with V/F method based on Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The load power is also controlled by a novel design to produce a suitable SPWM pulse. The proposed electronic system has ability to control the output frequency with flexible setting of lower limit to less than 1 Hz and to higher frequency limits to 55 Hz. Moreover, the proposed controller able to control the value of load voltage to frequency ratio, which plays a major parameter in the function of IM speed control. Furthermore, the designed system is characterized by easy manufacturing and maintenance, high speed response, low cost, and does not need to program steps as compared to other systems based on Microcontroller and digital signal processor (DSP) units. The complete proposed electronic design is made by the software of NI Multisim version 11.0 and all the internal sub-designs are shown in this paper. Simulation results show the effectiveness of electronic design for a promising of a high performance IM PWM drive.

A 400 μW Near-Threshold Feedback Class-C VCO with Auto Amplitude Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850072
Author(s):  
Chenggang Yan ◽  
Chen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Phase Noise ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Amplitude Control ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Class C ◽  
Low Phase Noise ◽  
Near Threshold

A 400[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W near-threshold supply class-C voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with amplitude feedback loop and auto amplitude control (AAC) is proposed in this paper. The amplitude feedback loop and AAC ensure the robust startup of the proposed VCO and automatically adapts it to the class-C mode in steady state. Consequently, ultra-low power can be achieved in AAC mode and low phase noise, high swing can be achieved in AAC off mode. The proposed VCO with AAC gets ultra-low power consumption by limiting the oscillating amplitude and driving the proposed VCO into the deep Class-C mode. Additionally, the peak value detector is employed in this work to boost the controlling voltage of capacitors bank. Thus, a low on resistance of switch transistors is obtained, which increases the Q value of capacitors bank. The simulated phase noise is [Formula: see text]124.5[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz at 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset with the 1.16[Formula: see text]GHz oscillation frequency. In this case, the figure-of-merit including tuning range (FOMT) of proposed VCO is [Formula: see text]195[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz. The proposed VCO is fabricated in SMIC 40[Formula: see text]nm CMOS process and consumes 0.62[Formula: see text]mA from 0.65[Formula: see text]V supply. The measured phase noise is [Formula: see text]109[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz and FOMT is [Formula: see text]179[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz.

scholarly journals Improved Resolution and Cost Performance of Low-Cost MEMS Seismic Sensor through Parallel Acquisition

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7970
Author(s):  
Xing-Xing Hu ◽  
Xi-Zhen Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Cai-Hua Li ◽  
Yi-Xiang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Method ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Earthquake Intensity ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Building Conditions ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Seismic Sensors ◽  
Mems Accelerometers

In earthquake monitoring, an important aspect of the operational effect of earthquake intensity rapid reporting and earthquake early warning networks depends on the density and performance of the deployed seismic sensors. To improve the resolution of seismic sensors as much as possible while keeping costs low, in this article the use of multiple low-cost and low-resolution digital MEMS accelerometers is proposed to increase the resolution through the correlation average method. In addition, a cost-effective MEMS seismic sensor is developed. With ARM and Linux embedded computer technology, this instrument can cyclically store the continuous collected data on a built-in large-capacity SD card for approximately 12 months. With its real-time seismic data processing algorithm, this instrument is able to automatically identify seismic events and calculate ground motion parameters. Moreover, the instrument is easy to install in a variety of ground or building conditions. The results show that the RMS noise of the instrument is reduced from 0.096 cm/s2 with a single MEMS accelerometer to 0.034 cm/s2 in a bandwidth of 0.1–20 Hz by using the correlation average method of eight low-cost MEMS accelerometers. The dynamic range reaches more than 90 dB, the amplitude–frequency response of its input and output within −3 dB is DC −80 Hz, and the linearity is better than 0.47%. In the records from our instrument, earthquakes with magnitudes between M2.2 and M5.1 and distances from the epicenter shorter than 200 km have a relatively high SNR, and are more visible than they were prior to the joint averaging.

The Design of New Low Cost Ocean Bottom Seismometers

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 2107-2110
Author(s):  
Hu Sheng Guo ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Zhi Dong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismometer ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Mems Sensor ◽  
Ocean Bottom Seismometers

The performance of the Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) in seismic wave field measurement is vital to seismic exploration. In order to improve the performance of OBS, we have been developed a new Ocean Bottom Seismometer based 3-component MEMS accelerometer sensors. In order to sample seismic data synchronously, we have been designed multichannel A/D unit under the control of MSP430.We also are involved in a handle and sophisticated equipment allows to storage sampling data in the SD card module. The system based MEMS sensor are compared with conventional analog moving coil geophones, the result shows that the new measurement system with the advantage of high dynamic range, low noise and anti-jamming that suit for the high resolution seismicity information. The paper show that the new digital OBS using MEMS accelerometer will replace the tradition OBS in oil exploration, scientific research and seabed surveys.

scholarly journals An Ultra-Low-Power K-Band 22.2 GHz-to-26.9 GHz Current-Reuse VCO Using Dynamic Back-Gate-Biasing Technique

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Deng ◽  
Peiqi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Back Gate ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Current Reuse ◽  
K Band

An ultra-low-power K-band LC-VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) with a wide tuning range is proposed in this paper. Based on the current-reuse topology, a dynamic back-gate-biasing technique is utilized to reduce power consumption and increase tuning range. With this technique, small dimension cross-coupled pairs are allowed, reducing parasitic capacitors and power consumption. Implemented in SMIC 55 nm 1P7M CMOS process, the proposed VCO achieves a frequency tuning range of 19.1% from 22.2 GHz to 26.9 GHz, consuming only 1.9 mW–2.1 mW from 1.2 V supply and occupying a core area of 0.043 mm2. The phase noise ranges from −107.1 dBC/HZ to −101.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset over the whole tuning range, while the total harmonic distortion (THD) and output power achieve −40.6 dB and −2.9 dBm, respectively.

Low-cost MEMS accelerometer network for rotating machine vibration diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Luciane Agnoletti dos Santos Pedotti ◽  
Ricardo Mazza Zago ◽  
Mateus Giesbrecht ◽  
Fabiano Fruett
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Vibration Diagnostics ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Machine Vibration ◽  
Rotating Machine

scholarly journals A 40 Mb/s VLC System Reusing an Existing Large LED Panel in an Indoor Office Environment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Xicong Li ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvánovec ◽  
Paul Anthony Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Light Sources

With advances in solid-state lighting, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance existing light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting infrastructure by adding data communication capabilities to the illumination functionality. The last decade has witnessed the evolution of the VLC concept through global standardisation and product launches. Deploying VLC systems typically requires replacing existing light sources with new luminaires that are equipped with data communication functionality. To save the investment, it is clearly desirable to make the most of the existing illumination systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of adding data communication functionality to the existing lighting infrastructure. We do this by designing an experimental system in an indoor environment based on an off-the-shelf LED panel typically used in office environments, with the dimensions of 60 × 60 cm2. With minor modifications, the VLC function is implemented, and all of the modules of the LED panel are fully reused. A data rate of 40 Mb/s is supported at a distance of up to 2 m while using the multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation. Two main limiting factors for achieving higher data rates are observed. The first factor is the limited bandwidth of the LED string inside the panel. The second is the flicker due to the residual ripple of the bias current that is generated by the panel’s driver. Flicker is introduced by the low-cost driver, which provides bias currents that fluctuate in the low frequency range (less than several kilohertz). This significantly reduces the transmitter’s modulation depth. Concurrently, the driver can also introduce an effect that is similar to baseline wander at the receiver if the flicker is not completely filtered out. We also proposed a solution based on digital signal processing (DSP) to mitigate the flicker issue at the receiver side and its effectiveness has been confirmed.

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