scholarly journals From Landfills to the Dinner Table: Red Grape Pomace Waste as a Nutraceutical for Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebisa Kumanda ◽  
Victor Mlambo ◽  
Caven Mnisi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Red Grape

The disposal of red grape pomace (GP) in landfills and by incineration has negative impacts on the environment. It is, therefore, imperative that alternative and sustainable ways of managing this waste product are identified. Using GP as a source of nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds in avian diets is a potential waste-reduction and valorization strategy that promotes sustainable agriculture. However, there is limited information on the valorization of GP for this purpose. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of GP on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and breast meat quality traits of broilers. Four hundred, two-week old Cobb 500 broilers (279.2 ± 18.87 g) were allocated to 40 pens. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by including GP in commercial broiler diets at 0 (GP0), 2.5 (GP25), 4.5 (GP45); 5.5% (GP55); and 7.5% (GP75). Feed intake, weight gain, feed utilization efficiency, hematology, serum biochemistry, carcass characteristics, and breast meat quality traits were measured. Chickens on GP75 had the least feed intake (p < 0.05) but there were no dietary effects on weight gain. Birds on GP0 had the highest (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (1.79) while those fed GP75 had the lowest (p < 0.05) ratio (1.45). Breast meat from broilers offered GP75 had the highest (p < 0.05) redness value (0.75) while the GP0 diet promoted the least (p < 0.05) redness value (0.49). Broilers fed GP55 and GP75 diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency compared to GP0 birds. Inclusion of GP in broiler diets has the potential to reduce feed costs, thus making this valorization strategy a sustainable alternative to current pomace disposal methods. Adoption of this waste-reduction and valorization strategy promotes sustainable agriculture by contributing to food security and environmental stewardship.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary red grape pomace on growth performance, hematology, serum biochemistry, and meat quality parameters in Hy-line Silver Brown cockerels

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259630
Author(s):  
Ontiretse Jonathan ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi ◽  
Cebisa Kumanda ◽  
Victor Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Red Grape

Red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace’s (RGP) beneficial bioactive compounds could improve growth and meat quality traits in chickens and thus valorize RGP waste that is usually disposed in landfills to the detriment of the environment. This study investigated the effect of RGP inclusion in diets of Hy-line Silver Brown cockerels on physiological and meat quality responses. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated by mixing a standard grower diet with RGP at 0 (G0), 15 (G15), 30 (G30), 45 (G45) and 60 g/kg (G60). A total of 250, 5-week-old cockerels (304.6 ± 6.57 g live-weight) were evenly allocated to 25 pens replicated 5 times per experimental diet. No linear and quadratic trends (P > 0.05) were observed for overall feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and meat quality traits as dietary RGP levels increased. Erythrocytes linearly decreased (P < 0.05), whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin and urea linearly increased (P < 0.05) with RGP levels. There were significant quadratic effects for glucose, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol, from which a maximum RGP inclusion level was calculated to be 43 g/kg. In conclusion, dietary red grape pomace had no adverse effect on physiological parameters and meat quality traits of Hy-line Silver Brown cockerels. However, including red grape pomace beyond 43 g/kg could compromise serum biochemical parameters of the birds.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels in diets with a fixed nutrient: calorie ratio for free-range broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 4009-4022
Author(s):  
Thiago Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Luanna Lopes Paiva Copat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Deposition

The present study proposes to examine the effect of dietary levels of metabolizable energy, under a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, on the production performance; body fat and protein deposition; and carcass characteristics of free-range broilers from 1 to 84 days of age. Nine hundred unsexed chicks were allocated to six treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of diets with varying levels of metabolizable energy (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg of diet) and a fixed proportion of nutrients relative to the energy level according to the nutritional requirements for each rearing phase. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, production viability, metabolizable energy intake, protein intake, lysine intake, body fat deposition, body protein deposition and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, later, to regression analysis. Increasing levels of metabolizable energy, coupled with a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, reduced feed intake, increased body weight and weight gain, improved feed conversion and did not affect carcass characteristics. In conclusion, adjusting the nutrient supply according to the dietary energy level improves production performance by improving feed conversion, ensuring adequate nutrient intake and preserving fat and protein deposition in the carcass when the metabolizable energy level is raised up to 3200 Kcal/kg in all rearing stages.

Influence of soybean bioactive peptides on performance, foot pad lesions and carcass characteristics in broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Abdollahi ◽  
F. Zaefarian ◽  
Y. Gu ◽  
W. Xiao ◽  
J. Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
Dietary Treatments

SummaryThe influence of different inclusion levels of a biologically active peptide derived from soybeans by enzymatic hydrolysis, on growth performance, foot pad lesions and carcass characteristics in broilers were examined in this study. Starter (1 to 21 d) and finisher (22 to 42 d) diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were subjected to seven inclusion levels of a commercial soybean bioactive peptide (SBP) product (Fortide, Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China) at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg of diet. All diets were equivalent in respect of energy density, digestible amino acids and other nutrients. A total of 840, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to 42 pens (20 birds/pen), which were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments. During the starter period, there was no significant effect of SBP on weight gain and feed intake of the birds. However, a significant (P < 0.05) effect of SBP was observed for the feed conversion ratio (FCR), with SBP inclusion at 3.0 g/kg and above showing lower (P < 0.05) FCR values compared to the diet with no SBP. No effect of SBP was observed for weight gain and feed intake over the whole trial period. However, SBP inclusion tended (P = 0.06) to influence the FCR of birds. Increasing SBP inclusion level resulted in gradual decrease in FCR values, with SBP inclusion at 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg showing lower FCR values compared to the diet with no SBP. Overall, the present study suggests that dietary supplementation of SBP in broiler diets has the potential to improve FCR and to be used as a novel functional protein in poultry diets.

Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Nutrient Retention in Broilers Fed with Meat Cum Bone Meal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhuri ◽  
B. Swathi ◽  
P. Radhakrishna ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal

The effect of replacing an antibiotic growth promoter in the diet with a probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention was studied in broilers (Vencobb 430) fed with and without meat cum bone meal (MBM). This experiment which lasted for 42 days consisted of six dietary treatments viz., basal diet (BD), basal diet with MBM (MBM), basal diet with antibiotic (AB), basal diet with probiotic (PB), basal diet with MBM and antibiotic (MBM+AB) and basal diet with MBM and probiotic (MBM+PB). Three-hundred, day-old chicks were randomly allotted in the beginning to these six groups. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected at 4th week of age. Overall, highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed with AB and PB. Inclusion of probiotic in MBM also showed improved body weight gain when compared to MBM group. Highest feed intake and feed conversion ratio was recorded with AB and PB groups. Birds supplemented with MBM+PB showed improved feed intake and feed efficiency when compared to MBM+AB and MBM diet supplemented groups. Higher dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention (P less than 0.05) was observed in birds supplemented with PB or AB in diet without MBM when compared to their control. In MBM supplemented groups addition of PB or AB improved crude protein retention. Birds supplemented with PB or AB with or without MBM showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in thigh yield and a non significant reduction in fat yield when compared to their control groups.

Effect of expanded diets on growth performance, meat quality and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jian Lei ◽  
Jun Bae ◽  
Ju Lee ◽  
Sang Lee ◽  
In Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of expanded diets on growth performance, meat quality, and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 80 finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: 1) unexpanded corn-soybean meal diets; 2) expanded corn-soybean meal diets. Each treatment consisted of ten replicate pens with four pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen. There were no differences in daily feed intake and daily gain throughout the experiment (P less than 0.05). However, expanded diets decreased feed conversion ratio compared with unexpanded diets (P less than 0.05). Expanded diets had no effect on carcass characteristics and meat quality with the exception of increased sensory evaluation (color) of meat compared with unexpanded diets (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, expanded diets can improve feed conversion ratio but have no effect on daily gain and daily feed intake and sensory evaluation of meat color.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on fattening performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Karya male lambs

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Atay ◽  
Ö. Gökdal ◽  
V. Eren ◽  
Ş. Çetiner ◽  
H. Yikilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on performance, slaughter-carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Karya male lambs. Lambs weaned approximately at 10 weeks of age were divided into two groups. After the 10 days adaptation period, control group (CG, n7) and vitamin E group (VEG, n=6) lambs were fed on with concentrates ad libitum and 100 g hay/lamb/day for 70 days. In addition the VEG received a supplement on concentrates of 45 mg/lamb/day vitamin E during the fattening period. The meat quality traits were determined using m. longissimus dorsi (LD) obtained from split between 12th and 13th ribs on both groups lambs. Daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were 259 g and 5.3 for CG and 266 g and 4.7 for VEG, respectively. There was no vitamin E supplementation effect on the average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (P>0.05). However, VEG had 10.5 % higher feed conversion efficiency than control lambs. Slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs were not significantly affected from vitamin E supplementation (P>0.05). There were no effects of vitamin E supplementation on lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and pH during 12-day aerobic storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values at day 2 were not affected by the vitamin E treatment. However, TBARS values on day 4 and 8 (P<0.05), and day 12 (P<0.01) were higher in the CG than in the VEG. Although not significant, 10 % higher feed conversion efficiency in VEG animals might suggest that vitamin E supplementation is useful to improve fattening performance.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
B. C. Anyaegbu ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
G. Igwe ◽  
J. Nathaniel ◽  
C. M. Nkwo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial

This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.

Effect of garlic meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Ditle ◽  
J. W. Ng’ambi ◽  
D. Norris ◽  
O. J. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Carcass Parameters

A study was conducted to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of indigenous Venda chickens fed a grower’s diet supplemented with varying levels of garlic meal. The study was based on four diets containing similar energy but different garlic meal supplementation levels of 0, 10, 15 and 25 g/kg DM. At 50 to 91 days, all the growth and carcass parameters measured were improved (P less than 0.05) by garlic meal supplementation. Feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, live weight, carcass weight, dressing percent, breast meat, thigh, drumstick, gizzard and fat pad weights of Venda chickens were optimized at different garlic meal supplementation levels of 14.7, 15.8, 8.0, 16.4, 14.2, 12.7, 11.2, 12.7, 8.2, 10.5 and 15.1, respectively. These findings have implications on ration formulation for indigenous Venda chickens. Thus, it was concluded that garlic meal supplementation improved feed intake, growth rate, live weight and carcass weight of Venda chickens.

scholarly journals Complete replacement of maize grain with sorghum and pearl millet grains in Jumbo quail diets: Feed intake, physiological parameters, and meat quality traits

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249371
Author(s):  
Thabiso Isaac Masenya ◽  
Victor Mlambo ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Sorghum Grain

In sub-Saharan Africa, the use of maize (Zea mays L.) grain as an energy source in poultry feeds has become unsustainable due to competing demands and suboptimal growing conditions for the maize crop. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) grains are potential sustainable alternatives, given their tolerance to local growing conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of total replacement of maize grain with whole or crushed sorghum and pearl millet grains on feed intake, and physiological and meat quality parameters of Jumbo quail. Five experimental diets were formulated by completely replacing crushed maize grain in a commercial grower diet (CON) with whole sorghum (WSG), crushed sorghum (CSG), whole millet (WMG), or crushed millet (CMG). Three hundred and fifty, two-week-old Jumbo quail chicks (74.7 ± 8.81 g live-weight) were evenly distributed into 35 replicate pens to which the experimental diets were allotted. Statistically similar (P > 0.05) weight gain and FCE values were observed between birds reared on the control and pearl millet-based diets. However, birds fed with sorghum-based diets had the lowest FCE and weight gain. Blood parameters fell within the normal ranges reported for healthy quail. Birds fed the whole sorghum grain diet had the least (P < 0.05) serum calcium and higher monocytes, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations compared to those reared on the control diet. Compared to the control, the whole sorghum-containing diet reduced (P < 0.05) carcass, breast, wing, thigh, drumstick, liver, gizzard, and large intestine weights of the birds. Complete replacement of maize grain with pearl millet grain (whole or crushed) did not compromise feed intake, growth performance, and meat quality traits of the Jumbo quail birds. However, whole sorghum grain reduced growth performance of the birds.

scholarly journals Revealing Pathways Associated with Feed Efficiency and Meat Quality Traits in Slow-Growing Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2977
Author(s):  
Chotima Poompramun ◽  
Christelle Hennequet-Antier ◽  
Kanjana Thumanu ◽  
Panpradub Sinpru ◽  
Saknarin Pengsanthia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Assembly Factor ◽  
Slow Growing

Here, molecular pathways and genes involved in the feed efficiency (FE) and thigh-meat quality of slow-growing Korat chickens were investigated. Individual feed intake values and body weights were collected weekly to the calculate feed conversion ratios (FCR) and residual feed intake. The biochemical composition and meat quality parameters were also measured. On the basis of extreme FCR values at 10 weeks of age, 9 and 12 birds from the high and the low FCR groups, respectively, were selected, and their transcriptomes were investigated using the 8 × 60 K Agilent chicken microarray. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to determine the correlations between co-expressed gene modules and FE, thigh-meat quality, or both. Groups of birds with different FE values also had different nucleotide, lipid, and protein contents in their thigh muscles. In total, 38 modules of co-expressed genes were identified, and 12 were correlated with FE and some meat quality traits. A functional analysis highlighted several enriched functions, such as biological processes, metabolic processes, nucleotide metabolism, and immune responses. Several molecular factors were involved in the interactions between FE and meat quality, including the assembly competence domain, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5, cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3, and myosin light chain 9 genes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document