scholarly journals Complete replacement of maize grain with sorghum and pearl millet grains in Jumbo quail diets: Feed intake, physiological parameters, and meat quality traits

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249371
Author(s):  
Thabiso Isaac Masenya ◽  
Victor Mlambo ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Sorghum Grain

In sub-Saharan Africa, the use of maize (Zea mays L.) grain as an energy source in poultry feeds has become unsustainable due to competing demands and suboptimal growing conditions for the maize crop. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) grains are potential sustainable alternatives, given their tolerance to local growing conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of total replacement of maize grain with whole or crushed sorghum and pearl millet grains on feed intake, and physiological and meat quality parameters of Jumbo quail. Five experimental diets were formulated by completely replacing crushed maize grain in a commercial grower diet (CON) with whole sorghum (WSG), crushed sorghum (CSG), whole millet (WMG), or crushed millet (CMG). Three hundred and fifty, two-week-old Jumbo quail chicks (74.7 ± 8.81 g live-weight) were evenly distributed into 35 replicate pens to which the experimental diets were allotted. Statistically similar (P > 0.05) weight gain and FCE values were observed between birds reared on the control and pearl millet-based diets. However, birds fed with sorghum-based diets had the lowest FCE and weight gain. Blood parameters fell within the normal ranges reported for healthy quail. Birds fed the whole sorghum grain diet had the least (P < 0.05) serum calcium and higher monocytes, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations compared to those reared on the control diet. Compared to the control, the whole sorghum-containing diet reduced (P < 0.05) carcass, breast, wing, thigh, drumstick, liver, gizzard, and large intestine weights of the birds. Complete replacement of maize grain with pearl millet grain (whole or crushed) did not compromise feed intake, growth performance, and meat quality traits of the Jumbo quail birds. However, whole sorghum grain reduced growth performance of the birds.

scholarly journals From Landfills to the Dinner Table: Red Grape Pomace Waste as a Nutraceutical for Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebisa Kumanda ◽  
Victor Mlambo ◽  
Caven Mnisi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Red Grape

The disposal of red grape pomace (GP) in landfills and by incineration has negative impacts on the environment. It is, therefore, imperative that alternative and sustainable ways of managing this waste product are identified. Using GP as a source of nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds in avian diets is a potential waste-reduction and valorization strategy that promotes sustainable agriculture. However, there is limited information on the valorization of GP for this purpose. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of GP on growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics, and breast meat quality traits of broilers. Four hundred, two-week old Cobb 500 broilers (279.2 ± 18.87 g) were allocated to 40 pens. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by including GP in commercial broiler diets at 0 (GP0), 2.5 (GP25), 4.5 (GP45); 5.5% (GP55); and 7.5% (GP75). Feed intake, weight gain, feed utilization efficiency, hematology, serum biochemistry, carcass characteristics, and breast meat quality traits were measured. Chickens on GP75 had the least feed intake (p < 0.05) but there were no dietary effects on weight gain. Birds on GP0 had the highest (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (1.79) while those fed GP75 had the lowest (p < 0.05) ratio (1.45). Breast meat from broilers offered GP75 had the highest (p < 0.05) redness value (0.75) while the GP0 diet promoted the least (p < 0.05) redness value (0.49). Broilers fed GP55 and GP75 diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency compared to GP0 birds. Inclusion of GP in broiler diets has the potential to reduce feed costs, thus making this valorization strategy a sustainable alternative to current pomace disposal methods. Adoption of this waste-reduction and valorization strategy promotes sustainable agriculture by contributing to food security and environmental stewardship.

scholarly journals A Multicarbohydrase and Phytase Complex Is Able to Compensate a Nutrient-Deficiency in Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Ya-Kuan Huang ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Hua Sun ◽  
Xue-Mei Xu ◽  
Jlali Maamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Finishing Pigs

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of supplementing a corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet with a multicarbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 300 pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace; body weight = 25.3 ± 0.7 kg) were randomly allotted to three groups with 10 replicates of 10 pigs each. Pigs from three groups were fed positive control (PC) or negative control (NC), without or with MCPC diets, respectively. The MCPC supplied at least 1800, 1244, 6600, and 1000 units of xylanase, β-glucanase, α-arabinofuranosidase, and phytase per kilogram of diet, respectively. The NC diet was the PC diet but reduced in net energy (NE), digestible amino acids (dig. AA), digestible P (dig. P), and Ca by 74 kcal/kg, 7.0%, 0.134, and 0.119 percentage points, respectively. The diets were fed in 4 growth phases based on body weight (BW): phase 1: 25–50 kg, phase 2: 50–75 kg, phase 3: 75–100 kg, and phase 4: 100–135 kg. Compared to the PC, the NC diet decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, and(or) feed to gain ratio during the growing/finishing phases 1, 2, 3, and 4. It also reduced (p < 0.05) the ATTD of crude protein, crude fat, P, and Ca of pigs. MCPC supplementation improved (p < 0.05) the body weight gain, feed intake, and(or) feed to gain ratio in phases 2, 3, and 4 and the ATTD of crude protein, crude fat, ash, P, and Ca for the NC diet. Additionally, dietary treatment had no effects on carcass traits and meat quality with the exception that the loin eye area in the NC plus MCPC diet was higher (p < 0.05) than the NC diet. In conclusion, the addition of MCPC to a corn-soybean meal-wheat-based diet reduced in energy and nutrients improved the growth performance and nutrient digestibility but had little effect on carcass traits and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary probiotics on the growth performance, meat quality improvement of broiler chicken for safe meat production

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Md Sazedul Karim Sarker ◽  
Md Masud Rana ◽  
Shabiha Sultana ◽  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Talukder Nurun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Experimental Treatments

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of Probiotic (Biofast) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. Ninety six 1-d-old mix sexed Cobb 500 broiler chicks were obtained from a local commercial hatchery. Chicks were randomly allocated in 2 experimental treatments for 5 wk. The experimental treatments received a 1) control, 2) control with probiotic Biofast 0.055% (bacillus subtilis-100%) in the diet. Both treatments had 48 broilers arranged in 4 replicates of 12 broilers each. Eight birds from 2 different groups (one/replication) were sacrificed on termination of the feeding trial of breast, thigh to investigate the meat quality. Feed intake in treatment T1 was significantly (P > 0.05) greater than control in 0 to 3 weeks of age. Though in starter phase treatments failed to induce any marked effects on body weight, weight gain and FCR but numerically increased in T1 than control. In finisher period (4-5 wks), there were no significant differences on body weight, weight gain, feed intake and FCR between the treatments. The organ weight like liver, heart, kidney, spleen, gizzard, abdominal fat and intestine weight also did not show any significant differences between the dietary treatments of control and Biofast. In addition, though the dressing % was not significantly different but numerically higher percentage was found by using Biofast. Similarly, no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in pH, cooking loss, meat color and TBA values between the treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of Biofast in diet has no significant effect on the growth performance of broiler chicks though it has got some positive effects on other parameters that indirectly revealed to enhance meat quality of broiler chicken as well as food safety issues. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 51-57

The effects of oil palm leaf meal-based diets on the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
A.I. Ukanwoko ◽  
C.T. Alfred
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
Palm Leaf

An experiment was carried out to determine the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats placed on oil palm leaf meal (OPLM)-wheat offal based diet. Six goats aged 12-18 months, weighing 15 – 20kg were randomly assigned to three treatments, comprising two animals each in a Completely Randomized Design. Each animal received 1kg of the diet daily for 56 days and weighed weekly. Results showed that final body weight was significant (P<0.05) with goats on T3 having the highest (21.50kg). The feed intake, body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significantly different (P<0.05). T3 had the highest feed intake (305.35g/d), highest body weight gain (90.84g/d) and the best FCR (3.36). Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed in the Red Blood Cell (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) counts, ranging between 3.12 - 4.20x106ml; 23.00 -30.50% and 7.70 - 10.15g/dl respectively with goats on T3 having the highest.  The inclusion of OPLM enhanced body weight gain, FCR, RBC, PCV, and Hb counts of the goats. Therefore the oil palm leaf meal diets are recommended for better goat production. Key word: Growth performance; Oil Palm Leaf meal., Blood profile., Creatinine., Red Sokoto Goat.

scholarly journals Growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of broiler chickens fed dietary sweet orange peel meal diets with and without enzyme addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
T. A. Sunmola ◽  
C. D. Tuleun ◽  
O. I. A. Oluremi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Final Weight

The growth performance, blood parameters and production cost of two hundred and fifty two (252) Abor acre plus broiler chickens fed sweet orange peel meal (SOPM) with and without enzymes were investigated. The experimental diets consist of control (T ), maize was 0 replaced with SOPM at 15, 20 and 25 % without exogenous enzymes to form T , T and T 1 2 3 respectively, and another supplemented with exogenous enzyme to form T , T and T 4 5 6 respectively. The birds were randomly allocated to seven treatment groups replicated three times to have 12 birds per replicate and were fed experimental diet ad-libitum for eight weeks. Result showed that broiler chickens fed control diet (T ) had significantly (P<0.05) 0 higher final weight (FW) of 2.44kg, weight gain (WG) of 42.91, feed intake (FI) of 86.53, better feed conversion ratio (FCR)of 2.01 and protein conversion ratio (PCR)of 0.44 compared to other dietary treatments. Broiler chickens fed T and T had significantly 1 4 (P<0.05) higher final weight of 1.98 and 1.98 kg, weight gain of 34.69 and 34.71 g and feed intake of 78.35 and 81.63 g respectively while significantly (P<0.05) least values of 1.75 and 1.80 kg final weight, 30.73 and 31.49 g weight gain and 69.47 and 71.84 g feed intake respectively were recorded in broiler chickens fed T and T . Haematological indices namely: 2 5 PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb were not significantly different (P>0.05) but MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes, heterophil, eosinophil and monocytes differed significantly (P<0.05). Serum biochemical indices namely total protein, albumin, globulin and uric acid were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the experimental diets. Though, there was no detrimental effect of SOPM and enzyme on production cost as profit was made at all replacement levels of SOPM with and without enzyme treatment, but profit per bird (N) and cost to benefit ratio revealed the superiority of the broiler chickens fed control diet (T ). Based on the results obtained, 0 SOPM can replace maize up to 25 % without posing any deleterious effect on the broiler chickens growth performance, blood parameters and production cost. However, the cost to benefit ratio was compromised with the use of SOPM. 

scholarly journals Effect of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas lam.) Peel meal as replacement for maize on growth performance and cost of feeding weaner rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
H. Ibrahim ◽  
O. J. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Potato Peel

The experiment was carried out to determine the effect of replacement of maize with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas lam.) on growth performance and cost of feeding weaner rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A total number of thirty-six (36) weaned rabbit of mixed sexes were used for the experiment. The rabbits were allotted randomly into four dietary treatments and replicated thrice with three rabbits per replicate and were designated: control (T): normal 1 compounded diet without sweet potato peel meal, T had the compounded feed which 5% 2 sweet potato peel meal, T had compounded diet with 10% sweet potato peel meal and 3 treatment four (T) had the compounded diet with 15% sweet potato peel meal. The 4 experiment lasted eight weeks and data were obtained on growth performance and cost benefit. The parameters considered on growth performance include initial weight, final weight, total body weight gain, daily weight gain, weekly weight gain, daily feed intake, total feed intake and feed conversion ratio while that of cost benefit include cost of purchasing different experimental feed stuff. The results obtained on growth performance showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the parameters monitored. Cost of feeding was also not significantly different (p>0.05). However, higher profit index (174. 64) was recorded in T1 and lower benefit cost ratio (166.68) was recorded in T4 for total cost of feed intake per rabbit. In conclusion, sweet potato peel meal can be uses as a good replacement for maize in rabbit production without any adverse effect on the performance of rabbit.

Haematology and growth performance characteristics of broiler birds fed abattoir wastes (bovine blood and rumen content)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. A. Ekine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight

This study was conducted to assess the effects of abattoir wastes (bovine blood and rumen content mixture) on the haematology and growth performance characteristics of broiler birds. One hundred and twenty (120) unsexed day old Abor acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments and replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Four experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of broilers such that the birds were fed sundried abattoir waste (bovine blood and rumen content mixture) included at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% representing Diet 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, with Diet 1 as the control. Each dietary treatment consists of 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. The experimental diets and clean water were supplied at- libitum throughout the experimental period. Data were collected on feed intake, daily weight gain, final body weight, weight gain. Feed conversion ratios were calculated. Blood samples for hematology was collected, analyzed and recorded. At the end of the 56 days feeding trials, data collected on different parameters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that mixtures of bovine blood and rumen content significantly (P<0.05) improved the final weight (1767.02g -1931.44g), weight gain (1367.02g -1528.44g), feed intake (107.47g -118.99g) and feed conversion ratio (4.87 – 4.08) of the broilers. Significant (P<0.05) improvements were observed on the RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, eosinophyls and the lymphocytes of the haematological parameters of the broilers. These results showed the complementary potentials of bovine blood and rumen content mixture in broiler diets, which can be included up to 15% in the ration of broilers without detrimentally affecting the growth performance and haematology of the broilers.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in Partridge-Shank broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. C. Ren ◽  
J. J. Xuan ◽  
X. C. Yan ◽  
Z. Z. Hu ◽  
F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

AbstractThe current experiment aimed at assessing the effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broiler chicks were distributed randomly to four groups of 90 birds each, and each group received GAA dosages of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of feed dry matter. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers hadad libitumaccess to water and feed and the feed intake was recorded daily. All broilers were weighed before and after the experiment, and 30 broilers of each group were selected randomly to slaughter at the end. Increasing dietary supplementation of GAA increased final live weight and daily body weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, thigh muscle pH value and fibre diameter of broilers, but decreased daily feed intake, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of thigh meat. In addition, increasing supplementation of GAA quadratically increased duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus height and width and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, but decreased crypt depth. The results indicated that GAA as a feed additive may support better development of small intestine, thereby resulting in improvement of growth performance and meat quality of broilers.

scholarly journals An assessment of the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisation in broiler chickens by nutritional geometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 2129-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Y. Liu ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
David Raubenheimer ◽  
David J. Cadogan ◽  
Stephen J. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

AbstractThe right-angled triangle mixture experiment was designed to include fourteen diets with different concentrations of starch, protein and lipid. Experimental diets were offered to male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 10 to 23 d after hatching, and response curves and surfaces were generated to illustrate the influence of macronutrients on growth performance and nutrient utilisations. Despite the primary function of macronutrients, especially protein, may not be providing energy, macronutrients were expressed as energy derived from starch, protein and fat for statistical purposes in the mixture design. Energy derived from lipid had a greater impact on feed intake than energy derived from starch and protein. When we compared the influence of starch and protein on feed intake, ‘equal distance rule’ was observed, which means the animal consumes feed to the point on its respective nutritional rails where the shortage of starch exactly equals the surplus of consumed protein. Increasing the protein-derived energy intake increased weight gain in broiler chickens, whereas energy intake derived from starch and lipid had little impact on weight gain. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be reduced by either increasing protein energy intake or decreasing starch energy intake. As the slope of the contours was less than 1, the influence of starch energy intakes on FCR exceeded that of protein energy intakes. In conclusion, energy derived from protein is more important than non-protein energy in terms of weight gain, and a balance between protein and energy supplies is required for efficient muscle protein deposition.

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