scholarly journals A Framework for Assessing Water Security and the Water–Energy–Food Nexus—The Case of Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Marttunen ◽  
Jyri Mustajoki ◽  
Suvi Sojamo ◽  
Lauri Ahopelto ◽  
Marko Keskinen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Stability Functions ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water Issues

Water security demands guaranteeing economic, social and environmental sustainability and simultaneously addressing the diversity of risks and threats related to water. Various frameworks have been suggested to support water security assessment. They are typically based on indexes enabling national comparisons; these may, however, oversimplify complex and often contested water issues. We developed a structured and systemic way to assess water security and its future trends via a participatory process. The framework establishes a criteria hierarchy for water security, consisting of four main themes: the state of the water environment; human health and well-being; the sustainability of livelihoods; and the stability, functions and responsibility of society. The framework further enables the analysis of relationships between the water security criteria as well as between water, energy and food security. The framework was applied to a national water security assessment of Finland in 2018 and 2030. Our experience indicates that using the framework collaboratively with stakeholders provides a meaningful way to improve understanding and to facilitate discussion about the state of water security and the actions needed for its improvement.

The State of Water Environment Research

1992 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-659
Author(s):  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Environment Research ◽  
State Of Water

Evaluation of water security: an integrated approach applied in Wuhan urban agglomeration, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongguo Shao ◽  
Fengshun Yang ◽  
Chun Xiao ◽  
Xuezhi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Wuhan Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Good Agreement

To evaluate water security, the Water Resources Sustainability Evaluation Model has been developed. The model employs four criteria (economic development, flood control security, water supply security, and water environment security) and has 22 indicators, integrating them using their relative weights. The model is applied to evaluate the water security of Wuhan urban agglomeration, China. The values of the indicators are normalized using the exponential efficacy functions based on the law of diminishing marginal utility. The evaluation results show that, overall, the state of water security in Wuhan urban agglomeration is good, which is in good agreement with the true situation. The comparison between the results of the model and other three evaluation methods by the Spearman coefficient of rank correlation verifies the science and reliability of the developed model. Consequently, it is concluded that the model can be an effective tool for evaluating the states of water security and provide a basis on which to create policies for improving inadequacies in water security.

South African local government perceptions of the state of water security

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Meissner ◽  
Maronel Steyn ◽  
Elliot Moyo ◽  
Justinus Shadung ◽  
Winile Masangane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Water

scholarly journals Water security evaluation based on comprehensive index in Jing-Jin-Ji district, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2698-2714
Author(s):  
Ze Huang ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Chao Mei ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Weiwei Shao
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
North Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract China has long faced the problem of uneven distribution of water resources in time and space. The state of water security is therefore a key factor in regional development. The Jing-Jin-Ji district in China, which includes Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province, faced severe water security problems. Therefore, to improve the management of water resources, water security should be properly evaluated. This study established a comprehensive evaluation index system for evaluation. Furthermore, it analyzed the impacts of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP), which fully reflects the impact of human activities on the spatial distribution of water resources and is an innovation. The results showed that the state of water security in the Jing-Jin-Ji district generally had an increasing trend, and the score of the overall evaluation was increased by 65.8%. The Middle Route of the SNWTP had played a major role in water security in resources criterion, which increased by 28.53% in 2015 and 13.64% in 2016. With social development, the general state of water security in the district was improving. These findings could provide a scientific basis for regional water resources management.

On the need for comprehensive improvement of state control and supervision in the sphere of financial legal relations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Emanova ◽  
◽  
T.A. Stavrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Economic Well Being

In each state, organization of the management over public finances plays a crucial role, and a well-established management system is an integral part of public administration. In order to ensure the stability and balance of the country's economy, the task of improving the effectiveness of the state financial management is one of the most important tasks of the state. The result of risk management in the economy, as well as the socio-economic well–being of citizens (and of other aspects) depends on how the issue of the management in the sphere of public (state) Finance is resolved in society.

scholarly journals The use of the condom to protect against the transmission of HIV in prisons

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1086
Author(s):  
G. J. Woodall
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

This article rose as a response to a practical moral question about whether or not condoms ought to be distributed to inmates in prisons of England and Wales to protect those who indulge in homosexual, genital encounter from the danger of contagion from the HIV virus. The suggestion has been made that doctors in prison should distribute condoms to those who ask for them. The analysis offered here examines a number of presuppositions, some of which are articulated and expressively embraced, others which remains tacit, perhaps never seriously entertained. The former includes the efficacy of the condom as a protection against the transmission of the virus through genital encounter, the notion that the role of the State does not extend to interference in the sphere of private morality, and, more explicit in an initial response to the proposal, that people’s consciences ought to be respected. The latter include the opinion that there is, nevertheless, a responsibility attaching to prison authorities for the well-being of inmates, if only to protect them from contagion, that sexuality is a matter of merely private morality, that morality concerns what is consequential upon deliberate action, but not a question of intrinsic good or evil. It si argued here that the degree of protection afforded by the condom is over-estimated, that the implicit function of the State and of prisons is to foster the common good, and that this entails a duty of care for prisoners, especially for the weakest and most vulnerable. Although a thorough-going reform of prisoners is not the direct responsibility of prison authorities, it is argued that there is an obligation not to damage them or to facilitate such damage. The impact of what is contemplated upon family and upon society is considered. The proposal envisaged would seem to threaten the well-being of inmates, the stability of prisons, the institution of marriage, and the likelihood of an eventual, successful rehabilitation of prisoners into society. To foment a practice which is intrinsically immoral cannot be justified, it is claimed here, even were the lesser evil argument can be invoked. Rights of the conscience and the correlative duty to respect conscience do not legitimate practices which are of their nature wrong. It is argued that the adoption of the policy proposed by bodies with a duty to the State and to society for the common good would in fact undermine the common good by facilitating what is scandalous.

scholarly journals Features and operation of management functions in small business in modern Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
A. V. Kazakov ◽  
◽  
A. N. Prikhodko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Impact

Small business is the basis for the well-being of the economy of the state. In addition to the state support, a favorable investment climate and the overall economic situation, very important is the selected management concept for the stability and development of small businesses. The article analyzes the role and state of small business in the crisis period in the Russian Federation. Conclusions are made about the role of managerial activities for achieving success of the enterprise. The main features of managerial activity are presented and analyzed in regard to a small enterprise. Special attention is paid to the impact of the management activity functions at a small enterprise.

scholarly journals Deposit insurance system as a guarantee of depositor’s protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Sova ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Poliakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Deposit Insurance ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Guarantee System ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Stability

The article examines the state and trends in the development of the deposit guarantee system for individuals in Ukraine. The challenges and needs of improving the mechanism of centralized insurance protection of depositors are identified. The authors emphasize the growing role of the Deposit Guarantee Fund of individuals in the banking market and expanding the scope of its modern mechanisms to reduce the negative effects of bank bankruptcy, which is an important factor in ensuring the stability of the banking system. Emphasis is placed on considering the disposable income of domestic households, as this indicator is an eloquent indicator of improving the country’s economic well-being. Parallels were made in the analysis of quantitative indicators of state social guarantees, namely: the expression of the living wage and the amount of the minimum wage for 2016-2020. The size of the household savings growing is estimated. The importance of converting household savings into investments for economic development is determined and the number of deposits and the value of deposits for households in 2016-2020 are analyzed. The authors also illustrate the dynamics of changes in the UIRD indicator. The deposit guarantee system is presented as an important factor in the financial stability of the state economy. The article emphasizes the successful steps of legislative regulation of the subject composition of the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Ukraine and reformation of compensation limits, which brings the domestic insurance field closer to European standards of depositor’s protection. According to the results of attracting deposits from the top-9 commercial banks of Ukraine, tables have been formed, the data in which allow making conclusions about the leaders of the deposit services market and the amount of potential reimbursement. Proposals have been formulated to improve the deposit guarantee system, aimed at optimizing insurance schemes and relations in accordance with the threats to financial security as an objective phenomenon of a market economy and the conditions of globalization.

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