scholarly journals Shared Space and Pedestrian Safety: Empirical Evidence from Pedestrian Priority Street Projects in Seoul, Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee ◽  
Kim
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
City Government ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Change In Mean

To provide safe and comfortable walking environments on narrow streets without sidewalks, the Seoul city government has implemented the Pedestrian Priority Street (PPS) projects. Based on Monderman’s “shared space” concept, the PPS involves applying diverse paving design techniques, particularly stamped asphalt pavement of various colors and patterns. This study investigated the effectiveness of the PPS for pedestrian safety. Data sources were; (1) video recordings of the nine concurrent PPS in 2014 before and after the projects were completed; and (2) a cross-sectional survey at the nine streets. Two groups of multiple regression models analyzed the objective safety, by using the variables, mean vehicle speed and change in mean speed, which were then compared with subjective safety through a questionnaire analysis. The results found that the design strategies reduced the vehicle speed and increased perceptions of pedestrian safety. These suggest that the PPS principles are practical and feasible ways to tackle the safety problems of narrow streets without sidewalks. Further, vehicle speeds increased on streets where the pedestrian zone was clearly distinguishable from the vehicular zone, by applying PPS techniques only at the roadside. Thus, clearly separating pedestrians from vehicular zones, which is neither the original principle, nor the intent of the PPS, should be avoided.

Satisfaction of Postoperative Patients on Pain Management Program its Relationship to the Knowledge and Attitudes of Chinese Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6609-6626
Author(s):  
Shuyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Pain Management Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

This study is a cross-sectional survey of the satisfaction of postoperative patients its relationship to the knowledge and attitudes of Chinese nurses on pain management. Data were sourced out from two groups of respondents participated in the study, 75 post-operative patients and 97 in-service nurses from the health institutions China. The study was conducted for five-months. Ethics protocols were observed before and after the conduct of the study. Findings showed that post-operative pain management program among the participating medical institutions in China were assessed to have moderate level of satiation by the patients. All the components namely pain relief experience, care provided by the nurses, education provided as to pain management, and therapeutic dialogue provided by the nurses were all assessed by postoperative Chinese patients at a fair level. Meanwhile, gender and education of post-operative patients can be considered as factors in the planning and implementation of pain management program. Consequently, similar to studies conducted worldwide, Chinese nurses do not establish yet an optimal level of knowledge and attitude towards pain management. Meanwhile age, experience, education are factors on the knowledge and attitude on pain management among nurses. Finally, positive moderate relationship is established between patient satisfaction and knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff towards pain management. The findings of these study call for action and reform in the implementation of pain management program focusing on the major role and development of 21st century nurses. Practical implications of the study are discussed.

Influencing factors associated with facial skin problems due to wearing masks during COVID-19 in China (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigui Yang ◽  
Chenyang Huang ◽  
Qingmiao Sun ◽  
Daixi JIang ◽  
Xiaobao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Time ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Functional Pathway

BACKGROUND Background: Wearing a mask is one of the most effective measures to prevent COVID-19 virus infection and it is not yet clear what potential factors may be associated with facial skin problems while wearing masks. OBJECTIVE Objective: seek most suitable mask-wearing habits for public to avoid facial skin problem. METHODS Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted through online and offline questionnaires on patterns of mask wearing and facial skin problems during COVID-19 from May 30-July 1, 2020. Multivariable regression was used to explore the potential factors associated with skin problems. We also recruited 19 subjects and compared the differences in their facial microbiomes before and after wearing masks. RESULTS Results: A total of 4385 valid questionnaires were finally analyzed and 1323 (33.1%) participants reported having facial skin problems while wearing masks. The risk factors associated with skin problems were having a history of facial skin problems (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 2.80-3.76), facial skin allergies (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.20-1.56), face washing frequency (≥3 times per day) (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.43), daily sleep time <6 hours (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.81-3.13), and average time spent wearing masks uninterruptedly ≥6 hours (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.24-2.25). The analysis of the facial microbiome revealed that the abundance of Prevotella and Hemophilus decreased, and the functional pathway associated with cytochrome c was more predominant with the prolongation of wearing time. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: The habit of wearing a mask and life behavior affect the occurrence of skin damage. Suitable mask types and mask-wearing habits should be recommended to avoid facial skin problems. CLINICALTRIAL NA

scholarly journals Changes in the healthcare utilization after establishment of emergency centre in Yaoundé, Cameroon: A before and after cross-sectional survey analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0211777
Author(s):  
So Yeon Joyce Kong ◽  
Dae Han Wi ◽  
Young Sun Ro ◽  
Sang Do Shin ◽  
Joongsik Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After

A re-evaluation of teenage sunbed use following the introduction of banning legislation for under 18-year-olds

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
S Menzies ◽  
S Daly ◽  
R O’Connor ◽  
A Kelly ◽  
M Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sunbed Use

Abstract Background There is little information on the effectiveness of introducing age restriction legislation alone to reduce the rate of sunbed usage by teenagers. Prior to the Public Health (Sunbed) Act of 2014 prohibiting the use of sunbeds in under 18-year-olds in Ireland we reported the rate of sunbed use at 7.5%. Objectives The aim of the study was to compare the rate of sunbed usage among Irish teenagers before and after the introduction of banning legislation to determine if it had the desired effect of reducing its rate of use. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, students from the same schools as in our previous study completed an anonymous, written questionnaire pertaining to sunbed usage. Results In total, 783 questionnaires, from 13 schools across Ireland, were completed. The rate of sunbed use in the current study was 7.2%, compared to 7.5% in the pre-ban study, (P = 0.76). A higher rate of sunbed use was observed in Dublin schools and female public students. Conclusion Our study suggests that legislation alone is ineffective at reducing sunbed usage in a teenage population. A multifaceted approach is required that includes enforcement of the legislation together with targeted public education and awareness campaigns using all aspects of the media.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of the Confinement Resulting from COVID-19 on the Lifestyle and Psychological Wellbeing of Spanish Pregnant Women: An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Biviá-Roig ◽  
Valentina Lucia La Rosa ◽  
María Gómez-Tébar ◽  
Lola Serrano-Raya ◽  
Juan José Amer-Cuenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: This study aimed to analyze the impact of the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemics on the eating, exercise, and quality-of-life habits of pregnant women. (2) Methods: This was an internet-based cross-sectional survey which collected information about adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical exercise, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and perceived obstacles (in terms of exercise, preparation for delivery, and medical appointments) of pregnant women before and after the confinement. The survey was conducted in 18–31 May 2020. (3) Results: A total of 90 pregnant women participated in this study. There was a significant decrease in the levels of physical activity (p < 0.01) as well as in HRQoL (p < 0.005). The number of hours spent sitting increased by 50% (p < 0.001), 52.2% were unable to attend delivery preparation sessions because these had been cancelled. However, there were no significant differences in the eating pattern of these women (p = 0.672). Conclusions: These results suggest the need to implement specific online programs to promote exercise and reduce stress, thus improving the HRQoL in this population, should similar confinements need to occur again for any reason in the future.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among hospitalised patients in a tertiary general hospital in China and their attitudes: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Li ◽  
Yaohong Liu ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Dan Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

ObjectivesWe aimed to gain a better understanding of patients’ practice of hand hygiene (HH) and their knowledge and attitudes.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingA 3500-bed university-affiliated medical hospital in China.ParticipantsInpatients and their family members or caregivers.MethodsAn anonymous, self-reported questionnaire were used to collect data.ResultsA total of 376 questionnaires were issued, and 310 respondents completed it. Of the 310 respondents, 47.4% had received HH education, and 13.5% had a completing understanding of HH. A majority of patients believed that handwashing was important for disease recovery, and that it could prevent infection development. A total of 62.3% of patients washed their hands <5 times a day and 49.0% spent <1 min every time. With regards to the seven steps of handwashing, 96.45% of the respondents adhered to the first step (washing the palms), but only 20.6% adhered to the fifth step (thumbs) and 17.7% to the sixth step (fingertips). Most respondents washed their hands only when visibly dirty. Few patients washed their hands before drinking fluids, and before and after interacting with visitors. HH compliance was lower among intensive care unit patients than medical patients.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study demonstrated that patients had a positive attitude towards HH. However, their levels of knowledge and practice were unsatisfactory. A systematical education about patientHH is needed in future to correct this knowledge and behaviour.

scholarly journals Usefulness and acceptability of an animation to raise awareness to grief experienced by carers of individuals with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110412
Author(s):  
Clara Scher ◽  
Sophie Crawley ◽  
Claudia Cooper ◽  
Elizabeth L Sampson ◽  
Kirsten J Moore
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
Person With Dementia

Aim Many carers of individuals with dementia experience high levels of grief before and after the death of the person with dementia. This study aimed to determine the usefulness, acceptability, and relevance of an animation developed to raise awareness to grief experienced by carers of people with dementia. Methods This research had a cross-sectional survey design. We contacted carers of people with dementia over the phone or email. Participants evaluated the animation through an online or paper-based survey. We used descriptive statistics and analysed qualitative data using thematic analysis. We required a sample of 40 carers to adequately power the study with a target of 75% of carers finding the animation useful, acceptable, and relevant. Results 31/78 carers approached evaluated the animation. Ninety-four percent of participants found the animation relevant to their situation, meeting our target. However, we fell short of this target for usefulness (68%) and acceptability (73%). The qualitative responses suggested that participants felt the animation could help improve the understanding of grief among carers, family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Carers also shared that the animation would be most useful for carers of newly diagnosed people with dementia. Conclusion Most carers of people with dementia in this study reported that the animation was useful, acceptable, and relevant. Dissemination of the resource may be useful for the majority of carers, with the caveat that a few carers may find it distressing and need to be referred for further support.

Using a television documentary to prevent suicide in men and boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Schlichthorst ◽  
Kylie King ◽  
Matthew Spittal ◽  
Lennart Reifels ◽  
Andrea Phelps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Television Documentary ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Adaptive Actions ◽  
Screening Survey

Objectives: We investigated whether a documentary about masculinity and suicidality ( Man Up) could raise males’ awareness of societal pressures to conform to masculine norms and influence their likelihood of connecting with their male friends and seeking help. Methods: We conducted a repeat cross-sectional survey, posting versions of the survey online before and after Man Up was screened. Results: 1287 male respondents completed the survey; 476 completed the pre-screening survey, 811 the post-screening survey (192 had not viewed Man Up, 619 had). Those who had viewed Man Up were more likely to desire closer relationships with their male friends than those who had not, and had greater awareness of societal pressures on males, but were no more likely to seek help. Almost all respondents who saw Man Up indicated they would recommend it to others, and most said it changed the way they thought about the term ‘man up’. They indicated they would be likely to undertake a number of adaptive actions following the show, and provided overwhelmingly positive feedback. Conclusions: Man Up appeared to effectively address factors that place males at heightened risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Catastrophic costs of Tuberculosis care in a population with internal migrants in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Liping Lu ◽  
Jianjun Hong ◽  
Xiaoping Jin ◽  
Qian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Treatment Package

Abstract Background Although a free diagnosis and baseline treatment package was offered for tuberculosis (TB), hidden costs incurred by patients and their households could worsen their socio-economic and health status, particularly for migrants. We estimated the prevalence of catastrophic cost of TB patients and its associated factors in an urban population with internal migrants in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to enroll culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients in Songjiang district, Shanghai, between December 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015. Consenting participants completed a questionnaire, which collected direct and indirect costs before and after the diagnosis of TB. The catastrophic cost was defined as the annual expenses of TB care that exceeds 20% of total household income. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with catastrophic costs. Results Overall, 248 drug-susceptible TB patients were enrolled, with 70% (174 of 248) of them being internal migrants. Migrant patients were significantly younger compared to resident patients. The total costs were 25,824 ($3,689) and 13,816 ($1,974) Chinese Yuan (RMB) for resident and internal migrant patients, respectively. The direct medical cost comprised about 70% of the total costs among both migrant and resident patients. Overall, 55% (132 of 248) of patients experienced high expenses ( > 10% of total household income), and 22% (55 of 248) experienced defined catastrophic costs. However, the reimbursement for TB care only reduced the prevalence of catastrophic costs to 20% (49 of 248). More than half of the internal migrants had no available health insurance (52%, 90 of 174). Hospitalizations, no available insurance, and older age contributed significantly to the occurrence of catastrophic costs. Conclusions. The catastrophic cost of TB service cannot be overlooked, despite the free policy. Migrants have difficulties benefiting from health insurance in urban cities. Interventions, including expanded medical financial assistance, are needed to secure universal TB care.

Impact of Lockdown on Tuberculosis Management during SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic: Urban & Rural Scenario of Surat

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Parul Vadgama ◽  
Bhoomika Patel ◽  
J K Kosambiya ◽  
Anas Patni ◽  
U. C. Samudyatha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: India has highest burden of tuberculosis cases both drug sensitive as well as drug resistance in the world. Covid 19 pandemic had affected infectious diseases like TB, HIV, Malaria in developing countries like India. Here, we aimed to study the impact of lockdown on diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in Surat, Gujarat, India due to SARS Cov 2. Method: Cross sectional survey of Tuberculosis patients regarding problems faced during lockdown involving all 18 Tb unitof SMC was done, 15 patients were randomly selected by simple random sampling of line list of patients of each unitand secondary data analysis, data was collected from District Tuberculosis centre for rural part and SMC for urban part. Results: In this study we compared data 5 months before and after lockdown i.e. November 2019 to March 2020 and April 2020 to August 2020 , comparison of diagnostic tests like sputum examination by staining, CBNAAT, and first line Line Probe Assay (LPA) which shows significant reduction in number of test. Also the number of cases of pulmonary as well as drug sensitive, drug resistance and no of referral cases too were significantly decreased during and after lockdown. However, treatment success rate and case fatality rate remain the same as five months before and after the lockdown. Conclusion: Comparison of diagnostic test of TB showed significant reduction in number of tests done during and after lockdown. It was also observed that no major issues were faced by patients from health care provider side of National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme.

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