scholarly journals Optimizing Transport Scheme of High Value-Added Shipments in Regions without Express Train Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6108
Author(s):  
Boliang Lin ◽  
Xingkui Li ◽  
Zexi Zhang ◽  
Yinan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Express Train ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Train Services ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Classification Yard

In railway transportation, high value-added shipments in regions with large traffic volumes are generally delivered by express train services, since these freights need to be delivered in a short time. However, there are also high value-added shipments in areas where express train services are not available. If these freights are delivered by the traditional approaches (i.e., the freight cars are delivered to the adjacent classification yard by local trains, combined with other freight cars to form a train, and finally sent to the destination according to the transportation plan) with multiple reclassifications (a reclassification is when wagons are separated from their original train and then join another train in a classification yard), it will lead to delivery delays and economic losses to shippers and contribute to severe carbon emissions. In this context, this paper proposes an innovative method to deliver high value-added shipments in regions without express train services, which is called the method of reserving axle loads. The differences in assembling and transfer costs achieved by the method of reserving axle loads and traditional method are analyzed, especially the car-hours saved for the accumulation process of freight cars in a classification yard. Then, a corresponding mathematical model is established, which involves four scenarios: reserving axle loads for departing; reserving axle loads for arriving; reserving axle loads for both departing and arriving; and not reserving axle loads. Finally, the practicability and feasibility of the model was verified by two numerical experiments.

scholarly journals The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Environment on China’s EconomicDevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengya Cao
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the financial crisis has affected the economies of all countries in the world. At that time, it seriously restricted the development of the world economy. From a modern perspective, the difficult period of the world economic crisis caused by the financial crisis has passed, but the negative impact of the economic crisis can not be eliminated in a short time. Dispersed, the crisis has brought both opportunities and challenges to the country as well as heavy economic losses. Under the background of economic globalization, only by making a scientific and effective analysis of the world economic situation and keeping up with the trend of the world economy, can we effectively promote the domestic economic development and industrial structure, and enable our economy to develop healthily and substantially.

scholarly journals Applications of sand roasting and baking in the preparation of traditional Indian snacks: nutritional and antioxidant status

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Jyothi Kora
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Tamarind Kernel ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Sand Roasting

Abstract Background In India, the sand roasting technique is widely used by street food vendors, villagers and cottage industries for making various value-added food products from different cereals, millets and legumes. The traditionally produced sand-roasted products are commonly utilized as ready to eat snacks or for the preparation of various other snacks. Results During the high-temperature short-time treatment of sand roasting, the produced products are bestowed with characteristics such as higher puffing, crispiness, volume, and improved color, aroma, flavor and texture. In terms of nutrition, the roasting process enhances the carbohydrate and protein digestibility, β-glucan extractability, levels of dietary fiber, minerals, and antioxidants and reduces the inherent antinutrients levels in cereals and legumes. In addition, the complete destruction of seed microflora enhances the shelf life and thus consumer acceptance. The sand-roasted products act as prebiotic dietary fiber and serves as an alternative to polished grains for the consumers. Thus, the simplest, inexpensive, traditional sand roasting method of dry heat application is used for making precooked ready to eat weaning foods and preparation of cost-effective dietary pediatric and geriatric formulations. The technique is also employed for roasting various beans, fryums, nut, and pulse decortication and as a pretreatment process for tamarind kernel powder production, while the sand baking method is widely used for baking cakes, vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and starchy tubers. Conclusions The techniques of sand roasting and baking are gaining importance as cheap, effective, oil-free, healthier ways of cooking. However, further studies are needed on micronutrient availability and functional food development for community nutritional disorders. Also, the residual silica levels and difficult working environment mandates the development of energy-efficient and high-output-orientated technologies such as continuous, microwave, and fluidized bed roasters.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Comprehensive Optimization Method of a Train Diagram of the China High Speed Railway Express

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2141
Author(s):  
Xueqiao Yu ◽  
Maoxiang Lang ◽  
Wenhui Zhang ◽  
Shiqi Li ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Express Train ◽  
Multiple Units

The rapid and stable development of China’s economy has driven the increasing demand for express transportation. Based on network operation, China Railway Corporation of High-speed Railway launched high-speed rail products, which have attracted wide attention from all walks of life. With the application of high-speed express trains, the market structure of express transportation in China will change dramatically, from highways as the main mode of transportation to high-speed railway transportation relying on a high-speed railway network, which will effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by express transportation and further improve the sustainable development of the economy and the logistics industry. At present, the freight Electric Multiple Units (EMU) has been successfully developed and has entered the final test stage. In the last paper, we have introduced the theory and method of the high-speed rail express train operation plan. In addition, a train diagram is an important foundation of railway transportation organization. In order to ensure the sustainable development of high-speed rail express trains after they are put into use, based on the operation plan of high-speed rail express trains, this paper establishes a comprehensive compilation model of a high-speed rail express train diagram, considering train running time, freight flow distribution scheme, and the operation plan of freight multiple units, and an exact solution algorithm based on the Lagrange relaxation algorithm is designed. The computational results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method.

scholarly journals Does Nudging Squelch the Extremes in Regional Climate Modeling?

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 7046-7066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya L. Otte ◽  
Christopher G. Nolte ◽  
Martin J. Otte ◽  
Jared H. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Climate Downscaling

Abstract An important question in regional climate downscaling is whether to constrain (nudge) the interior of the limited-area domain toward the larger-scale driving fields. Prior research has demonstrated that interior nudging can increase the skill of regional climate predictions originating from historical data. However, there is concern that nudging may also inhibit the regional model’s ability to properly develop and simulate mesoscale features, which may reduce the value added from downscaling by altering the representation of local climate extremes. Extreme climate events can result in large economic losses and human casualties, and regional climate downscaling is one method for projecting how climate change scenarios will affect extreme events locally. In this study, the effects of interior nudging are explored on the downscaled simulation of temperature and precipitation extremes. Multidecadal, continuous Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations of the contiguous United States are performed using coarse reanalysis fields as proxies for global climate model fields. The results demonstrate that applying interior nudging improves the accuracy of simulated monthly means, variability, and extremes over the multidecadal period. The results in this case indicate that interior nudging does not inappropriately squelch the prediction of temperature and precipitation extremes and is essential for simulating extreme events that are faithful in space and time to the driving large-scale fields.

scholarly journals International adaptation of the hydrologic rational method: floods study in the North Portugal region

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Alexandre Luis Vázquez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Rational Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Short Time

Floods have a big capacity of create great social and economic losses in a short time interval. Spain and other countries have this problem in their territories. These can have different origins, being the rivers overflowing the more common cause. There are different approaches of these phenomena studies, and the modified Témez rational method is the referenced one in Spain, which with the GIS and hydrological simulation programs can create the flooding areas cartography, key information in the floods hazard management. But, is this method only valid for Spain, or is it applicable to other countries? The answer is that its adaptation to other countries is possible, always that the relevant modifications are made.In the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal is a country that has the flooding problem too. Because this country has a similar geological and geographical conditions to the western Spain, and the floods effects are similar in the Portuguese territories, the adaptation to this country it´s relatively simple.The aim of this work is the study of floods dynamics in Portugal, adapting the modified Témez rational method. This method will be applied in the Âncora river, in North Portugal region fluvial system because the geological and geographical conditions are similar to the west of Spain ones.

scholarly journals A Treatment Technology for Optimizing the Stress State of Railway Tunnel Bottom Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zili Han ◽  
Weibin Ma ◽  
Jinfei Chai ◽  
Zhenyu Zhu ◽  
Chuannian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Diversion Structure ◽  
Short Time

With the continuous increase of railway transportation volume, the aging problem of railway tunnel bottom structure is becoming more and more serious, which seriously threatens the safe operation of trains. Based on the cause analysis and field detection of the defects at the railway tunnel bottom structure, the “Anchor-Grouting-Drainage” treatment technology of the railway tunnel bottom structure is summarized. The research shows that (1) the technology is simple and can effectively repair the defects of railway tunnel bottom structure under the conditions of the narrow site, short time of maintenance skylight, strict requirements of track size variation, and no interference with the normal operation of the train, which has great significance and broad application prospect. (2) The drainage system of the existing railway tunnel bottom structure can be applied to the reconstruction of the railway tunnel bottom structure. The high-strength transverse diversion structure at the bottom of the tunnel has the advantages of strong bearing capacity, large drainage capacity, and corrosion resistance, which can provide a reference for the subsequent implementation of the reconstruction project at the railway tunnel bottom structure.

Mitigating the vulnerability of an air-high-speed railway transportation network: From the perspective of predisruption response

2020 ◽  
pp. 1748006X2096609
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Xuchao Chen ◽  
Guangye Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
High Speed Railway

Both the high-speed railway and air transportation network are the backbone of the interregional transport network and cover important cities in a country. Taking cities as nodes, a comprehensive interregional transportation network consisting of high-speed railways and civil aviation can be constructed. This network undertakes a huge passenger transportation task, so the failure of this network will cause serious economic losses and even casualties. In the Air-High-Speed Railway Transportation Network (A-HSRTN), the two transport modes can operate independently and can be alternatives. The analysis of the A-HSRTN helps planners to have a more comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability of the interregional passenger transport system. Mechanical failure, extreme weather and even man-made sabotage can threaten the operation of airports and stations. Optimizing the deployment of prevention resources can avoid or reduce the loss caused by those failure events in the A-HSRTN. This paper establishes a tri-level model to optimize the deployment of prevention resource from the perspective of predisruption response. This model takes the high-speed railway and air transportation system as an integrated transportation network to assign the limited prevention resources. The model aims to minimize the travel demand that cannot be satisfied in the worst failure scenario. Taking the A-HSRTN in mainland China as an example, this paper analyzes the model performance and the defense strategy obtained by this model. These case studies demonstrate that the method and model proposed in this paper can mitigate the vulnerability of the A-HSRTN.

End-to-End Web Service Recommendations by Extending Collaborative Topic Regression

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Bing Bai ◽  
Yushun Fan ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Keman Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Selection ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
End To End ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Text Content ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Mashup has emerged as a lightweight way to compose multiple web services and create value-added compositions. Facing the large amount of services, effective service recommendations are in great need. Service recommendations for mashup queries suffers from a mashup-side cold-start problem, and traditional approaches usually overcome this by first applying topic models to mine topic proportions of services and mashup queries, and then using them for subsequent recommendations. This solution overlooks the fact that usage record can provide a feedback for text extraction. Besides, traditional approaches usually treat all the usage records equally, and overlook the fact that the service usage pattern is evolving. In this article, the authors overcome these issues and propose an end-to-end service recommendation algorithm by extending collaborative topic regression. The result is a generative process to model the whole procedure of service selection; thus, usage can guide the mining of text content, and meanwhile, they give time-aware confidence levels to different historical usages. Experiments on the real-world ProgrammableWeb data set show that the proposed algorithm gains an improvement of 6.3% in terms of mAP@50 and 10.6% in terms of Recall@50 compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Development of an Intelligent Module Used in Railway Level Crossings to Solve the Safety and Punctuality Issues in Urban Area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu-Huan Lin ◽  
Yu-Lin Shih ◽  
Jyh-Cherng Jong ◽  
Chian-Shan Suen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Train Services ◽  
Safe Mechanism ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Short Time

In urban area, frequent train services during peak hours often keep interrupting roadway traffic approaching level crossings (LXs). In Taiwan, more than 24 trains per hour pass the LXs in peak hours, and it leads to more than 40% time blocked by the barriers. To mitigate the potential risk of accidents between trains and roadway vehicles, almost 20% LXs had been installed with obstacle detection devices. It, however, leads to the following issues: (1) when the level crossings open and then close within a short period of time, the vehicles would likely be trapped in the dangerous area; (2) if the closing time at level crossings is not adjusted effectively, it would seriously impact the traffic flow and increase the possibility of trespassing; (3) the false alarm triggered by the obstacle detection devices has serious impact on train punctuality. To mitigate the influence on roadside traffic and improve the safety, this study developed an intelligent module which consists of the following functions: (1) transmitting real-time videos of level crossings to the approaching trains, (2) constant alarm time for trains with different approaching speeds, and (3) extending alarm time for trains from the opposite directions within short time periods. A level crossing located on curved line in urban area was selected to test the performance of these functions in an actual scenario. Alternative solutions were also adopted in the tests to compare the performance for reference. The results show that the module can be viable in practice, but needs further works to ensure the safety, such as developing a fail-safe mechanism and overcoming the software security issues.

Innovation of Express Freight Product for Chinese Railways

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hongchang Li ◽  
Xujuan Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Improve Service Quality

AbstractIn early 2013, Ministry of Railways (MOR) is dismantled into administrative and business arms. To tackle with economic performance setbacks and huge financial debt, Chinese Railway Group Corporation (CRGC), who is in charge of business operations, determined to make product innovation for express freight so as to provide the market with value-added logistical services and increase its revenue. This paper aims to analyze the necessity and feasibility of developing innovative express product for CRGC. Under the condition of heavy accumulated debt pressure and continuous economic losses, it is imperative for Chinese railway to increase revenue through the introduction of novel express freight services. Based on complete transportation product theory, this paper summarizes the temporal-and-spatial characteristics of modern logistics, analyzes the prospect of supplying express freight services, and applies Express Freight Network Design Model to identify key factors for express freight product supply. In order to improve service quality of express freight product, it is necessary to optimize transportation organization, put forward market-oriented customized products, and improve informationization standard.

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