scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework for Choosing Target Species for Wildlife-Inclusive Urban Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Apfelbeck ◽  
Christine Jakoby ◽  
Maximilian Hanusch ◽  
Emanuel Boas Steffani ◽  
Thomas E. Hauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Regional Species Pool

Recent research has highlighted the significance of cities for biodiversity, making them important places for conservation in their own right. Current conservation approaches in cities are mostly defensive. Thus, they focus on remnant pockets of natural areas or try to protect particular species that occur in the built environment. These approaches are vulnerable to further urban development and do not create habitats. An alternative strategy is to make wildlife an integral part of urban development and thereby create a new habitat in the built-up area. Here we address the challenge of choosing target species for such wildlife-inclusive urban design. The starting point of our conceptual framework is the regional species pool, which can be obtained from geo-referenced species data. The existing habitat types on and around the development site and dispersal barriers limit the species numbers to the local species potential. In the next step, the site’s potential for each species is analyzed—how can it be upgraded to host species given the planned development and the life-cycle of the species? For the final choice of target species, traits related to the human–animal interaction are considered. We suggest that stakeholders will be involved in the final species selection. Our approach differs from existing practice, such as expert choice of priority species, by (1) representing an open process where many species are potential targets of conservation, (2) the involvement of stakeholders in a participatory way. Our approach can also be used at larger spatial scales such as quarters or entire cities.

scholarly journals A Comparison between One-Step and Two-Step Nesting Strategy in the Dynamical Downscaling of Regional Climate Model COSMO-CLM at 2.2 km Driven by ERA5 Reanalysis

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Mario Raffa ◽  
Alfredo Reder ◽  
Marianna Adinolfi ◽  
Paola Mercogliano
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
One Step

Recently, the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) has released a new generation of reanalysis, acknowledged as ERA5, representing at the present the most plausible picture for the current climate. Although ERA5 enhancements, in some cases, its coarse spatial resolution (~31 km) could still discourage a direct use of precipitation fields. Such a gap could be faced dynamically downscaling ERA5 at convection permitting scale (resolution < 4 km). On this regard, the selection of the most appropriate nesting strategy (direct one-step against nested two-step) represents a pivotal issue for saving time and computational resources. Two questions may be raised within this context: (i) may the dynamical downscaling of ERA5 accurately represents past precipitation patterns? and (ii) at what extent may the direct nesting strategy performances be adequately for this scope? This work addresses these questions evaluating two ERA5-driven experiments at ~2.2 km grid spacing over part of the central Europe, run using the regional climate model COSMO-CLM with different nesting strategies, for the period 2007–2011. Precipitation data are analysed at different temporal and spatial scales with respect to gridded observational datasets (i.e., E-OBS and RADKLIM-RW) and existing reanalysis products (i.e., ERA5-Land and UERRA). The present work demonstrates that the one-step experiment tendentially outperforms the two-step one when there is no spectral nudging, providing results at different spatial and temporal scales in line with the other existing reanalysis products. However, the results can be highly model and event dependent as some different aspects might need to be considered (i.e., the nesting strategies) during the configuration phase of the climate experiments. For this reason, a clear and consolidated recommendation on this topic cannot be stated. Such a level of confidence could be achieved in future works by increasing the number of cities and events analysed. Nevertheless, these promising results represent a starting point for the optimal experimental configuration assessment, in the frame of future climate studies.

The 3 C's of the Circular Economy for Food. A conceptual framework for circular design in the food system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Fassio
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Circular Design

Food, the basic connecting unit of all the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, plays a crucial role in the ecological transition towards a circular economic paradigm. This paper takes scientific considerations as a starting point in order to contribute to the definition of a theoretical-operational framework in which to grow the Circular Economy for Food. This is a still-open question in a sector of the circular economy that is emerging as vital to sustainable development. The 3 C's of Capital, Cyclicality and Co-evolution offer a systemic, holistic vision of the food system's role. Within this conceptual framework, the designers can find the main boundaries of the system, within which to express their creativity. The aim must be to avoid damaging relationships with the best supplier of raw material known to humanity (Nature), respecting planetary boundaries and at the same time offering a fair space to civil society.

Parental Alienation Syndrome of contactbreuk : Waarom uit het oog niet uit het hart is. Kinderen verst(r)ikt in verbinding.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Claire Wiewauters ◽  
Kathleen Emmery
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Online Service ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Parental Alienation Syndrome ◽  
Welfare Work ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Kinderen En Jongeren

In dit artikel nemen we als focus de kwetsbare positie van het kind in de context rondom PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome). We vertrekken vanuit een postmoderne visie op de werkelijkheid waarbij de betekenisgeving binnen een relationeel kader een belangrijke plaats inneemt. Ook de ontwikkelingsleeftijd van kinderen vergt onze aandacht. We toetsen ons conceptueel kader aan een analyse van 60 chatgesprekken van kinderen en jongeren met de hulplijn Awel over de scheiding van hun ouders en het leven in een samengesteld gezin. We formuleren een aantal concrete voorstellen die ervoor moeten zorgen dat de ontwikkeling en het welzijn van kinderen en jongeren zoveel mogelijk gewaarborgd blijft wanneer contactbreuk bij en na scheiding optreedt. Hiermee bieden we een antwoord op de draaglast en het isolement van kinderen. We houden een pleidooi om het actorschap van kinderen te verhogen. We pleiten voor meer samenwerking tussen de betrokkenen bij welzijn en justitie. Abstract :  This article focuses on the vulnerable position of the child in the context of PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome).  Our starting point is a postmodern vision on reality in which meaning making plays an important role in relations.  We also pay attention to the developmental age of children. We test our conceptual framework with an analysis of 60 chat conversations of children and youngsters with the online service of the Flemish Child Helpline (‘Awel’) about the divorce of their parents and life in a newly composed family. We formulate several specific suggestions to make sure that the development and well‐being of children and youngsters is guaranteed as much as possible when contact is broken during and after the divorce. With this we offer a response to the burden and isolation of children. We make a plea to strengthen the agency of children and for more cooperation between the welfare work and legal actors that are involved.

scholarly journals Priority Treatment Leaves Grassland Restoration Vulnerable to Invasion

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine L. Stuble ◽  
Truman P. Young
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Priority Effects ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Target Species ◽  
California Grasslands ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
One Year

Priority effects can be used to promote target species during restoration. Early planting can provide an advantage over later-arriving species, increasing abundance of these early-arrivers in restored communities. However, we have limited knowledge of the indirect impacts of priority effects in restoration. In particular, we do not understand how priority effects impact non-target species. Of particular conservation concern is how these priority effects influence establishment by non-native species. We use a field-based mesocosm experiment to explore the impacts of priority effects on both target and non-target species in California grasslands. Specifically, we seeded native grasses and forbs, manipulating order of arrival by planting them at the same time, planting forbs one year before grasses, planting grasses one year before forbs, or planting each functional group alone. While our study plots were tilled and weeded for the first year, the regional species pool was heavily invaded. We found that, while early-arrival of native grasses did not promote establishment of non-native species, giving priority to native forbs ultimately left our restoration mesocosms vulnerable to invasion by non-native species. This suggests that, in some cases, establishment of non-native species may be an unintended consequence of using priority treatments as a restoration tool.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework for the New Zealand Tort of Intrusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A Moreham
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Starting Point

This article examines the desirable scope of the New Zealand tort of intrusion into seclusion. It begins by developing a six-part taxonomy of common law privacy interests and then, using that taxonomy as its starting point, asks which privacy interests the New Zealand intrusion tort should cover. It argues that although the intrusion tort is a very welcome addition to New Zealand common law, it is important that its parameters are clearly delineated. The best way to achieve that, it is suggested, is by recognising that unwarranted listening, watching or recording of private activities is the gravamen of the new tort. 

scholarly journals Discovery of a spatially and temporally persistent core microbiome of the common bean rhizosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Stopnisek ◽  
Ashley Shade
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Common ◽  
Plant Microbiome

AbstractPlants recruit soil microbes that provide nutrients, promote growth and protect against pathogens1–3. However, the full potential of microbial communities for supporting plant health and agriculture is unrealized4–6, in part because rhizosphere members key for plant health are difficult to prioritize7. Microbes that ubiquitously associate with a plant species across large spatial scales and varied soil conditions provide a practical starting point for discovering beneficial members7. Here, we quantified the structures of bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities in the common bean rhizosphere (Phaseolus vulgaris), and assessed its core membership across space and time. To assess a spatial core, two divergent bean genotypes were grown in field conditions across five major growing regions in the United States, and then also compared to eight genotypes grown in Colombian soil. To assess a temporal core, we conducted a time course of rhizosphere and rhizoplane microbiome members over bean development in the field. Surprisingly, there were 48 persistent bacterial taxa that were detected in all samples, inclusive of U.S. and Colombian-grown beans and over plant development, suggesting cosmopolitan enrichment and time-independence. Neutral models of abundance-occupancy relationships and co-occurrence networks show that many of these core taxa are deterministically selected and likely in intimate relationships with the plant. Many of the core taxa were yet-uncultured and affiliated with Proteobacteria; these taxa are prime targets in support of translational plant-microbiome management. More generally, this work reveals that core members of the plant microbiome can have both broad ranges and temporal persistence with their host, suggesting intimate, albeit possibly opportunistic, interactions.

scholarly journals Knowledge Governance: Building a Conceptual Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Isabel Pinho ◽  
Cláudia Pinho ◽  
António Pedro Costa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Governance ◽  
Core Documents

This exploratory systematic literature review is a starting point for a deep literature review on “Knowledge Governance” (KGOV) topic. The aim is to have a quick picture about KGOV; specifically trying to identify the seminal, core and relevant documents. We also seek to know the contexts of these studies, as well as on what ontological levels and activities they refer to. The principal results are: a) the identification of the structure of the topic, by retrieving the main seminal articles and the most cited (core documents) and b) the building of a structured analysis framework. This framework will be used to perform a deep literature review that aim to develop an integrated and holist conceptual model on Knowledge Governance. Major conclusions are related to clues for future research on this topic.

Effective Surveillance Management during Service Encounters

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-139
Author(s):  
Angelo Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Service Oriented

This chapter aims to theoretically examine effective surveillance management (ESM) during service encounters within the servicescape and provide a conceptual framework for the study of this topic in a service management perspective. It analyses antecedents, dimensions and effects of ESM. This study especially proposes as antecedents both improving customer service experience along with meeting customers' need for security and implementing a surveillance service-oriented strategy that includes secure and safe servicescape design, deterrent communication, and trained and motivated security staff. This chapter suggests also that the dimensions of ESM (customer-physical service environment encounters, customer-technological surveillance systems encounters, and customer-security staff encounters) contribute to enhancing service quality, experience quality, and staff productivity. The integration of these dimensions, antecedents, and effects create a theoretically grounded framework that can serve as a starting point for future studies about this topic in the field of service management.

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