Port-Related Emissions, Environmental Impacts and Their Implication on Green Traffic Policy in Shanghai

The port of Shanghai, as the world’s largest container port, has been experiencing rapid development in recent years, with increasing cargo throughput capacity. The combustion of diesel fuels used by internal and external port-related container trucks and in-port machineries can release various pollutants, causing air pollution. The terminals are close to the residential area, and the emissions are concentrated, which is worth paying attention to. This study aims to synthetically assess the port-related emissions and their environmental impacts. We firstly constructed an emission inventory of air pollutants in the port of Shanghai and then used the WRF-CMAQ model to estimate the influence of port-related source emissions on air quality. The results show that the annual emissions of SO2, NOX, CO, VOCS, PM, PM10, PM2.5, CO2, BC and OC caused by cargo-handling equipment were 21.88 t, 1811.22 t, 1741.72 t, 222.76 t, 61.52 t, 61.42 t, 58.41 t, 141,805.40 t, 26.80 t and 10.07 t in 2015. The emissions of NOX, CO, VOCS, PM10 and PM2.5 caused by external port-related container trucks were 18,002.92 t, 5308.0 t, 1134.57 t, 711.12 t and 640.58 t. The exhaust of external port-related container trucks was much larger than that of cargo-handling equipment, so the impact on air quality was also higher than that of the machinery. The peak annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and NOX contributed by the port-related sources were 1.75 μg/m3 and 49.21 μg/m3, respectively, which accounted for 3.08% and 36.7%, respectively, of the simulated ambient concentrations by all the anthropogenic emissions in Shanghai. Our results imply that the emission control policy to reduce the combined port-related emissions, especially for the cargo-delivery transportation phase from port to city, is key for large coastal port cities such as Shanghai.

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COVID -19 and its environmental impacts.

Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research ◽

10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2254 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Noise Reduction ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Environmental Noise ◽

The Other ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact

This analysis aims to show the impact of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the countries, which are deadly affected by COVID-19, such countries include China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Our experiment suggested that there are significant contingency measures and improvements in air quality, clean beaches, rivers, and environmental noise reduction. However, on the other side, there are some negative effects of COVID -19 such as the reduction in cycling, large waste, fishing, unemployment. In order to build back, better UN has given six climate-related actions to shape the recovery for the future.

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Impact of halogen chemistry on summertime air quality in coastal and continental Europe: application of the CMAQ model and implications for regulation

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-15321-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (24) ◽

pp. 15321-15337 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qinyi Li ◽

Rafael Borge ◽

Golam Sarwar ◽

David de la Paz ◽

Brett Gantt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Control Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

Human Beings ◽

Coastal Cities ◽

Halogen Chemistry ◽

Secondary Air ◽

The Impact ◽

Halogen Species

Abstract. Halogen (Cl, Br, and I) chemistry has been reported to influence the formation of secondary air pollutants. Previous studies mostly focused on the impact of chlorine species on air quality over large spatial scales. Very little attention has been paid to the effect of the combined halogen chemistry on air quality over Europe and its implications for control policy. In the present study, we apply a widely used regional model, the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ), incorporated with the latest halogen sources and chemistry, to simulate the abundance of halogen species over Europe and to examine the role of halogens in the formation of secondary air pollution. The results suggest that the CMAQ model is able to reproduce the level of O3, NO2, and halogen species over Europe. Chlorine chemistry slightly increases the levels of OH, HO2, NO3, O3, and NO2 and substantially enhances the level of the Cl radical. Combined halogen chemistry induces complex effects on OH (ranging from −0.023 to 0.030 pptv) and HO2 (in the range of −3.7 to 0.73 pptv), significantly reduces the concentrations of NO3 (as much as 20 pptv) and O3 (as much as 10 ppbv), and decreases NO2 in highly polluted regions (as much as 1.7 ppbv); it increases NO2 (up to 0.20 ppbv) in other areas. The maximum effects of halogen chemistry occur over oceanic and coastal regions, but some noticeable impacts also occur over continental Europe. Halogen chemistry affects the number of days exceeding the European Union target threshold for the protection of human beings and vegetation from ambient O3. In light of the significant impact of halogen chemistry on air quality, we recommend that halogen chemistry be considered for inclusion in air quality policy assessments, particularly in coastal cities.

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COVID -19 and its environmental impacts

Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research ◽

10.7770/safer-v9n3-art2254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Noise Reduction ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Environmental Noise ◽

The Other ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact

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How Can Industrial Upgrading Improve China's Air Quality —Empirical Analysis Based on Multilevel Growth Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-804645/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zining Li ◽

Congxin Li

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Growth Model ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Ecological Environment ◽

Industrial Upgrading ◽

Economic Profit ◽

Structure Adjustment ◽

Urbanization In China ◽

Multilevel Growth Model ◽

The Impact

Abstract With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, the ecological environment has been damaged, especially the air quality, which has brought troubles to the production and life of residents. China has taken various measures to improve air quality, and industrial upgrading is one of the measures. How can industrial upgrading improve air quality? This article uses the urban and provincial data from 2015 to 2018, adopts a multilevel growth model, and draws the following conclusions through empirical analysis.Companies aiming at economic profit and survival will eventually lead to overall industrial upgrades that have little effect on air improvement.Industrial structure adjustment under the effect of industrial upgrading can reduce air pollution and have a significant impact on the improvement of air quality.Industrial upgrading under the effect of time will inevitably reduce the impact on environmental pollution, which is conducive to the improvement of air quality.According to the empirical results, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the air quality.

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Response of atmospheric composition to COVID-19 lockdown measures during spring in the Paris region (France)

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-21-17167-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 17167-17183

Author(s):

Jean-Eudes Petit ◽

Jean-Charles Dupont ◽

Olivier Favez ◽

Valérie Gros ◽

Yunjiang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Atmospheric Composition ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Atmospheric Pollutant ◽

Ambient Concentrations ◽

The Impact ◽

Mitigation Policies

Abstract. Since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns at national scales. These lockdowns resulted in large cuts of atmospheric pollutant emissions, notably related to the vehicular traffic source, especially during spring 2020. As a result, air quality changed in manners that are still currently under investigation. The robust quantitative assessment of the impact of lockdown measures on ambient concentrations is however hindered by weather variability. In order to circumvent this difficulty, an innovative methodology has been developed. The Analog Application for Air Quality (A3Q) method is based on the comparison of each day of lockdown to a group of analog days having similar meteorological conditions. The A3Q method has been successfully evaluated and applied to a comprehensive in situ dataset of primary and secondary pollutants obtained at the SIRTA observatory, a suburban background site of the megacity of Paris (France). The overall slight decrease of submicron particulate matter (PM1) concentrations (−14 %) compared to business-as-usual conditions conceals contrasting behaviors. Primary traffic tracers (NOx and traffic-related carbonaceous aerosols) dropped by 42 %–66 % during the lockdown period. Further, the A3Q method enabled us to characterize changes triggered by NOx decreases. Particulate nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), two of the main springtime aerosol components in northwestern Europe, decreased by −45 % and −25 %, respectively. A NOx relationship emphasizes the interest of NOx mitigation policies at the regional (i.e., city) scale, although long-range pollution advection sporadically overcompensated for regional decreases. Variations of the oxidation state of SOA suggest discrepancies in SOA formation processes. At the same time, the expected ozone increase (+20 %) underlines the negative feedback of NO titration. These results provide a quasi-comprehensive observation-based insight for mitigation policies regarding air quality in future low-carbon urban areas.

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Air emission inventory and application TAPM-AERMOD models to study air quality from 34 ports in Ho Chi Minh City

Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment ◽

10.32508/stdjsee.v2i2.498 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Khue Hoang Ngoc Vu ◽

Thanh Thi Nguyet Pham ◽

Bang Quoc Ho ◽

Tam Thoai Nguyen ◽

Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Dispersion Model ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

The South ◽

Cargo Handling ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Port Area ◽

The Impact

The port system of Ho Chi Minh City including 34 ports, serves as the gateway to the South (including the South East and the Mekong Delta) in export and import activities. In which contribute a huge amount of pollutants to the atmosphere in Ho Chi Minh City. The objective of this study is to: (i) Calculating air emissions from ports system in Ho Chi Minh city using the SPDGIZ model which emits a large amount of air pollutants such as sulfur oxide (SOX), nitrogen oxide (NOX), fine dust (PM2.5, PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO) from large ships (Ocean going vessels - OGVs), towing ships (Harbor Crafts - HCs), cargo handling equipment (Cargo handling equipment - CHE) and other vehicles (Heavy trucks – HVs); (ii) Using dispersion model TAPM-AERMOD to assess the impact of port operations to air quality in surouding port area; (iii) Proposing abatement measures based on the results of simulation to reduce emissions/ air pollution levels. The results of emission inventory show that the total port emissions are largely NOX and SOX mainly from large ships (OGVs) and cargo handling equipment (CHE) due to the use of heavy oil and diesel which have high sulfur content. The results show that the time at which a mooring boat is the most time consuming (accounting for over 90% of total emissions from OGVs).

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Impact of halogen chemistry on air quality in coastal and continental Europe: application of CMAQ model and implication for regulation

10.5194/acp-2019-171 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qinyi Li ◽

Rafael Borge ◽

Golam Sarwar ◽

David de la Paz ◽

Brett Gantt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Control Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

Coastal Cities ◽

Halogen Chemistry ◽

Secondary Air ◽

The Impact ◽

Halogen Species

Abstract. Halogen (Cl, Br, and I) chemistry has been reported to influence the formation of secondary air pollutants. Previous studies mostly focused on the impact of chlorine species on air quality over large spatial scales. Very little attention has been paid to the effect of the combined halogen chemistry on air quality over Europe and its implications for control policy. In the present study, we utilize a widely-used regional model, the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ), incorporated with the latest halogen sources and chemistry, to simulate the abundance of halogen species over Europe and to examine the role of halogens in the formation of secondary air pollution. The results suggest that the CMAQ model is able to reproduce the level of O3, NO2, and halogen species over Europe. Chlorine chemistry slightly increases the levels of OH, HO2, NO3, O3, and NO2 and substantially enhances the level of Cl radical. Combined halogen chemistry reduces the HO2/OH ratio by decreasing the level of HO2 and increasing OH, significantly reduces the concentrations of NO3 and O3, and decreases NO2 in the highly polluted regions and increases NO2 in other areas. The maximum effects of halogen chemistry occur over oceanic and coastal regions, but some noticeable impacts also occur over continental Europe. Halogen chemistry affects the number of days exceeding the European Union target threshold for the protection of human being and vegetation from ambient O3. In light of the significant impact of halogen chemistry on air quality, we recommend that halogen chemistry be considered for inclusion in air quality policy assessments, particularly in coastal cities.

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A shift in emission time profiles of fossil fuel combustion due to energy transitions impacts source receptor matrices for air quality

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts ◽

10.1039/c4em00444b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 510-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carlijn Hendriks ◽

Jeroen Kuenen ◽

Richard Kranenburg ◽

Yvonne Scholz ◽

Martijn Schaap

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽

Time Profiles ◽

Energy Transitions ◽

Emission Time ◽

Ambient Concentrations ◽

The Impact

The impact of a shift in time of air pollutant emissions on ambient concentrations and derived source receptor relations should be included when studying impacts of energy transitions on air quality and climate.

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Health and Economic Impacts of Ozone Pollution in China: a provincial level analysis

10.5194/acp-2017-849 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Xie ◽

Hancheng Dai ◽

Yanxu Zhang ◽

Tatsuya Hanaoka ◽

Toshihiko Masui

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Control Policy ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Ozone Pollution ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Many studies have reported associations between ozone pollution and morbidity and mortality, but few studies focus on the health and economic effects at China's regional level. This study evaluates the ozone pollution-related health impacts on China's national and provincial economy and compares them with the impacts from PM2.5. We also explore the mitigation potential across 30 provinces of China. An integrated approach is developed that combines an air pollutant emission projection model (GAINS), an air quality model (GEOS-Chem), a health model using the latest exposure-response functions, medical prices and value of statistical life (VSL), and a general equilibrium model (CGE). Results show that lower income western provinces encounter severer health impacts and economic burdens due to high natural background levels of ozone pollution, whereas the impact in southern and central provinces is relatively lower. Without a control policy, in 2030 China will experience a 4.24 billion USD Gross Domestic Production (GDP) loss (equivalent to 0.034 %), and a 285 billion USD (equivalent to 2.34 % of GDP) life loss. In contrast, with a control policy, the GDP and VSLs loss will be reduced to 3.72 (0.030 %) and 242 billion USD (1.99 %), respectively. We conclude that health and economic impacts of ozone pollution are significantly lower than PM2.5, but are much more difficult to mitigate. The Chinese government should promote the air pollution control policies that jointly reduce both PM2.5 pollution and ozone pollution, and the public should adjust their lifestyle according to the air quality information.

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Research on behavior recognition based on feature fusion of automatic coder and recurrent neural network

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 8927-8935

Author(s):

Bing Zheng ◽

Dawei Yun ◽

Yan Liang

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Recurrent Neural Network ◽

Behavior Pattern ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Video Data ◽

Support Vector ◽

Behavior Recognition ◽

Learning Methods ◽

The Impact ◽

Internet Of Things Technology

Under the impact of COVID-19, research on behavior recognition are highly needed. In this paper, we combine the algorithm of self-adaptive coder and recurrent neural network to realize the research of behavior pattern recognition. At present, most of the research of human behavior recognition is focused on the video data, which is based on the video number. At the same time, due to the complexity of video image data, it is easy to violate personal privacy. With the rapid development of Internet of things technology, it has attracted the attention of a large number of experts and scholars. Researchers have tried to use many machine learning methods, such as random forest, support vector machine and other shallow learning methods, which perform well in the laboratory environment, but there is still a long way to go from practical application. In this paper, a recursive neural network algorithm based on long and short term memory (LSTM) is proposed to realize the recognition of behavior patterns, so as to improve the accuracy of human activity behavior recognition.

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