scholarly journals Evaluation of Zero-Valent Iron for Pb(II) Contaminated Soil Remediation: From the Analysis of Experimental Mechanism Hybird with Carbon Emission Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Junfang Sun ◽  
Angran Tian ◽  
Zheyuan Feng ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Feiyang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Low Carbon

Carbon emission is one of the main causes of global climate change, thus it is necessary to choose a low-carbon method in the contaminated soil remediation. This paper studies the adsorption ability of ZVI on Pb(II) contaminated soils under different working conditions. The removal efficiency of Pb(II) was 98% because of the suitable ZVI dosage, log reaction time and low initial solution concentration. The whole balancing process was much fast according to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isothermal model. Moreover, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) showed Pb(II) was transformed from Fe/Mn oxides-bound form to residual form in Pb(II) contaminated soils. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, it was confirmed that zero-valent iron (ZVI) stabilizes Pb(II) pollutants mostly through the combination of chemical adsorption and physical adsorption. The economic and carbon emission assessments were used to compare the cost and carbon emissions of different methods. The results show that ZVI adsorption has excellent economic benefits and low carbon emission.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

Synergistic remediation of PCB-contaminated soil with nanoparticulate zero-valent iron and alfalfa: targeted changes in the root metabolite-dependent microbial community

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-999
Author(s):  
Ting Wu ◽  
Yangzhi Liu ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Lizhong Zhu ◽  
Jason C. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
New Strategy

This work provides a new strategy using nanomaterial-facilitated phytoremediation to promote the restoration of POP-contaminated soils.

MEASURING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS FROM THE CONTAMINATED SOIL REMEDIATION POLICY IN KOREA: A CONTINGENT VALUATION STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seul-Ye Lim ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Contingent Valuation Study ◽  
Spike Model ◽  
Valuation Study

Soil contamination caused by economic growth through industrialization and urbanization has been progressed inKorea. Soil polluted with heavy metals and chemicals makes significantly negative effects on human and wildlife health. This paper attempts to measure the economic benefits from the contaminated soil remediation policy using a specific case study ofKorea. To this end, the contingent valuation (CV) method is employed. A CV national survey of randomly selected 500 households was implemented using person-to-person interviewing in May 2105.  To elicit the willingness to pay (WTP), we apply one-and-one-half bound dichotomous choice question format to reduce the potential for response bias and spike model to deal with zero willingness to pay (WTP). The mean WTP for the policy is estimated to be KRW 1,357 (USD 1.2) for next ten years per household per year and statistically significant at the 1% level. Expanding the value to the national population gives us KRW 25.4 billion (USD 22.9 million) per year. We can judge that the Korean public places a significant value and be utilized in assessing the total benefits from the policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acid Leaching on the Removal of Heavy Metals and Soil Fertility in Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yao Chu ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Leaching

Heavy metal-contaminated soils were leached with various acid reagents, and a series of treatments was assessed to understand soil fertility after acid leaching. Aqua regia digestion and a five-step sequential extraction procedure were applied to determine heavy metal distribution. The average total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb for contaminated soil were 1334, 25, 263, and 525 mg·kg−1 based on the ICP/AES quantitative analysis. Other than Pb extracted by H2SO4, over 50% removal efficiency of other heavy metals was achieved. A five-step sequential extraction revealed that the bound-to-carbonate and bound-to-Fe-Mn oxides were the major forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The addition of organic manure considerably promoted soil fertility and increased soil pH after acid leaching. Seed germination experiments demonstrated that after acid leaching, the soil distinctly inhibited plant growth and the addition of manure enhanced seed germination rate from 35% to 84%. Furthermore, the procedure of soil turnover after acid leaching and manure addition greatly increased seed germination rate by 61% and shortened the initial germination time. Seed germination in untreated soil was superior to that in acid-leached soil, illustrating that the phytotoxic effect of acid leaching is more serious than that of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts and Immobilization Mechanisms of Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Geotechnical Composites Made from Contaminated Soil and Paper-Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11822
Author(s):  
Marija Đurić ◽  
Primož Oprčkal ◽  
Vesna Zalar Serjun ◽  
Alenka Mauko Pranjić ◽  
Janez Ščančar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Remediation Efficiency ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
One Year

Paper-ash is used for remediation of heavily contaminated soils with metals, but remediation efficiency after longer periods has not been reported. To gain insights into the mechanisms of immobilization of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and znic (Zn), a study was performed in the laboratory experiment in uncontaminated, artificially contaminated, and remediated soils, and these soils treated with sulfate, to mimic conditions in contaminated soil from zinc smelter site. Remediation was performed by mixing contaminated soil with paper-ash to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Zn in the geotechnical composite. Partitioning of Cd, Pb, and Zn was studied over one year in seven-time intervals applying the sequential extraction procedure and complementary X-ray diffraction analyses. This methodological approach enabled us to follow the redistribution of Cd, Pb, and Zn over time, thus, to studying immobilization mechanisms and assessing the remediation efficiency and stability of newly formed mineral phases. Cd, Pb, and Zn were effectively immobilized by precipitation of insoluble hydroxides after the addition of paper-ash and by the carbonization process in insoluble carbonate minerals. After remediation, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the water-soluble fraction were well below the limiting values for inertness: Cd by 100 times, Pb by 125 times, and Zn by 10 times. Sulfate treatment did not influence the remediation efficiency. Experimental data confirmed the high remediation efficiency and stability of insoluble Cd, Pb, and Zn mineral phases in geotechnical composites.

Biosurfactant enhanced phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using vetiver grass (chrypsopogon zizanioides)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleiman Suleiman ◽  
Lesley Batty ◽  
Iseult Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Traditional Methods

<p>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds with multiple rings that form part of the petroleum crude oil and are considered harmful to human health. The United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) have classified 16 PAHs as priority pollutants that can potentially cause cancer in human beings. These compounds normally enter the environment through oil spills that can negatively affect human health and the environment. The traditional methods used for soil remediation such as the engineering, thermal and chemical methods that involves excavation, heating and application of toxic chemicals often end up causing more harm to the environment. Thus, scientists are exploring the use of plants for the removal of pollutants from the soil known as phytoremediation in order to develop a cost effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable technique for soil remediation. This helps to overcome the issues identified in the traditional methods mentioned above as the treatment of pollutants occurs in situ without excavation and destruction of soil nor thermal heating or application of strong oxidising and reducing chemicals. This paper explains the results obtained from a study conducted on the phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using Chrysopogon zizanioides under the influence of fertilizer and biosurfactants. In this research 70kg of soil was artificially spiked with 1kg of crude oil and allowed to weather for 100 days. Following this, the weathered soil was transferred into different terracotta pots for the purpose of greenhouse experiment. Thereafter, the seedlings of C. zizanioides were transplanted into the terracotta pots where some of the vegetated samples were treated with fertilizer and biosurfactants to promote the growth of the plant and solubilize the organic contaminants for easy absorption by the plants respectively. The result showed high reduction of 70% of the concentration of PAHs in samples treated with doses of both fertilizer and biosurfactants after a period of 8 months. The application of fertilizer and biosurfactants also promoted the growth of plants which resulted in high bioaccumulation of PAHs from the soil as compared to the control samples. However, the greatest yield in plant growth occurred in samples treated with fertilizer only which also resulted in the bioaccumulation of PAHs from the soil.  In conclusion the use of fertilizer and biosurfactants is highly recommended to improve the process of phytoremediation by promoting the growth of plants and enhancing the bioaccumulation and potential dissipation of organic pollutants from the soil. The benefits of this research include the creation of a cost saving, environmentally friendly and sustainable technology for soil remediation. In addition, the bye-products of the harvested plants used for the phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soils can potentially be used as raw materials for the production of Biogas.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemula Anand Reddy ◽  
Chandresh H. Solanki ◽  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Krishna R. Reddy ◽  
Yan-Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Calcined Clay

Due to increased carbon emissions, the use of low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials that are sustainable and effective are gaining considerable attention recently for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of contaminated soils. The current study presents the laboratory investigation of low-carbon/cost cementitious material known as limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) for the potential S/S of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils. The S/S performance of the LC3 binder on Zn- and Pb-contaminated soil was determined via pH, compressive strength, toxicity leaching, chemical speciation, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The results indicate that immobilization efficiency of Zn and Pb was solely dependent on the pH of the soil. In fact, with the increase in the pH values after 14 days, the compressive strength was increased to 2.5–3 times compared to untreated soil. The S/S efficiency was approximately 88% and 99%, with increase in the residual phases up to 67% and 58% for Zn and Pb, respectively, after 28 days of curing. The increase in the immobilization efficiency and strength was supported by the XRPD analysis in forming insoluble metals hydroxides such as zincwoodwardite, shannonite, portlandite, haturite, anorthite, ettringite (Aft), and calcite. Therefore, LC3 was shown to offer green and sustainable remediation of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils, while the treated soil can also be used as safe and environmentally friendly construction material.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Leaching Characteristics of Geopolymer-Solidified/Stabilized Lead-Contaminated Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
Ting-Ting Zhang ◽  
Shi-Bo Jia ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Xian-Hao Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Leaching Characteristics ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Synthetic Precipitation

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is widely used in the solidification/stabilization of Pb-contaminated soils. However, many studies have suggested that the high content of Pb would degrade the mechanical properties of OPC-solidified/stabilized soils. This paper presents a new binder, geopolymer fine aggregate (GFA), composed of ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, CaO, and Na2SiO3. For comparison, OPC was used as a conventional binder. Mechanical properties and leaching characteristics are typically used to evaluate the effects of binders on solidified/stabilized soils. Nevertheless, limited information on the mechanical properties and leaching characteristics of the GFA-solidified/stabilized soils is available. This study thus investigated the mechanical properties and leaching characteristics of geopolymer-solidified/stabilized Pb-contaminated soil. Unconfined compressive strength test, permeability test, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure, simplified bioaccessibility extraction, phytoavailability extraction (with diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid), sequential extraction procedure, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on OPC- and GFA-solidified/stabilized soil. The results showed that the GFA presented a better effect on the mechanical properties and leachability of the solidified/stabilized soils than the OPC-solidified/stabilized soils. The GFA-solidified/stabilized soil displayed considerably lower leachability, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability of Pb and higher mechanical properties and chemical stability than the OPC counterpart. This study demonstrated that GFA had a better effect than OPC on the solidification/stabilization of Pb-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Practical Vitality of Green Bonds and Economic Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
A. Kant
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Matching Criteria ◽  
Over Time

Climate change is an overarching challenge for achieving sustainable development. “Green” or “Climate” Bonds are often seen as a financial instrument that may help overcome low-carbon investment defiance. This paper explores green bonds’ potential contribution to low-carbon transition and the corporate sector’s benefit following the stock market reaction. This paper focuses on a new and fascinating subject because the green bonds market is under constant scrutiny since the emergence of the first green bond in 2007. Anticipating the significance of action towards climate change is continuously increasing over time. This project can be seen as a supporting argument for investing in green bonds and fighting against climate change. This study investigates the recent developments and challenges in the green bond market. I used matching criteria and performed multivariate OLS regression to test whether the green bond is priced differently than conventional ones. The result finds that green bonds are cheaper than conventional bonds with a 1.93–2.24 per cent premium, consistent with prior studies in this topic. I used a sample of 200 corporate green bonds issued after the Paris Agreement, i. e., from December 2015 to December 2019. I further document that the stock market reacts positively to green bonds’ announcements. For this, I performed the CAR test on a company’s stock price, which gives a statistically significant abnormal return of 0.23 per cent and 1.14 per cent over time windows 10 and 20 days, respectively. Moreover, green bonds’ environmental performance on carbon emission reduction proved to be an insignificant player. For this, I tested a relationship between green bond labels and the firms’ carbon emission. The mixed results suggest that maybe green bonds are performing well economically, but it is still far from achieving its practical goal.

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