scholarly journals A Review on the Lignin Biopolymer and Its Integration in the Elaboration of Sustainable Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Francisco Vásquez-Garay ◽  
Isabel Carrillo-Varela ◽  
Claudia Vidal ◽  
Pablo Reyes-Contreras ◽  
Mirko Faccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lignin Recovery ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Wall Components

Lignin is one of the wood and plant cell wall components that is available in large quantities in nature. Its polyphenolic chemical structure has been of interest for valorization and industrial application studies. Lignin can be obtained from wood by various delignification chemical processes, which give it a structure and specific properties that will depend on the plant species. Due to the versatility and chemical diversity of lignin, the chemical industry has focused on its use as a viable alternative of renewable raw material for the synthesis of new and sustainable biomaterials. However, its structure is complex and difficult to characterize, presenting some obstacles to be integrated into mixtures for the development of polymers, fibers, and other materials. The objective of this review is to present a background of the structure, biosynthesis, and the main mechanisms of lignin recovery from chemical processes (sulfite and kraft) and sulfur-free processes (organosolv) and describe the different forms of integration of this biopolymer in the synthesis of sustainable materials. Among these applications are phenolic adhesive resins, formaldehyde-free resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane foams, carbon fibers, hydrogels, and 3D printed composites.

scholarly journals Development of Innovative Polyol Systems From Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Renewable Raw Materials for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aiga Ivdre
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Pu Foams

The Thesis aims to develop innovative polyols suitable for the production of rigid PU foam from recycled PET flakes and renewable raw material resources (rapeseed oil and tall oil) and to evaluate the effect of polyols on the most important properties of rigid PU foams as a thermal insulation material.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

Bio-Oil as a Potential Biomass-Derived Renewable Raw Material for Bio-Phenol Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhu ◽  
Feng Jin ◽  
Minghui Fan ◽  
Junxu Liu ◽  
Rui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on acid hydrolysis of Jerusalem artichoke as raw material for ethanol production

2013 ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Razmovski ◽  
Vesna Vucurovic ◽  
Uros Miljic ◽  
Vladimir Puskas
Keyword(s):  
Hold Time ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Yield ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is a low-requirement crop, which does not interfere with food chain, and is a promising carbon source for industrial fermentation. Microbial conversion of such a renewable raw material to useful products, such as ethanol, is an important objective in industrial biotechnology. In this study, ethanol was efficiently produced from the hydrolyzates of JA obtained at different pH values (pH 2.5, pH 3.0 and pH 3.5), temperature (120, 130, 132 and 134?C) and hold time (30 and 60 min) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficient degradation of JA by HCl under certain experimental conditions was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Ethanol concentration of 7.52% (w/w), which corresponds to 93.89 % of the theoretical yield is achieved by ethanol fermentation of JA hydrolyzate obtained at pH 2.5.

scholarly journals Possible Use Of Hemp And Wood In Production Of The Heat Insulation Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Martins Andzs ◽  
Voldemars Skrupskis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Heat Insulation Material ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

Obtaining of a new ecological heat insulation material from always renewable raw material in nature, wood and hemp, derived from wood and hemp fibre remains left from the production process. The study was carried out to find hemp wood parts (shives), fiber, and material first possible compositions together with wood fibres, to produce heat insulation materials. The use of the heat insulation material would be meant for dwelling and recreation houses. In the present research the main characteristics of these materials are determined: moisture content, density, water absorption, as well as the coefficient of heat transmission.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Acid Polyols As a Feedstock to Produce Flexible Polyurethanes and Their Effect on the Income Level of Furniture Craftsmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Andi Budirohmi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Shoe Soles ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

Polyuretanes are widely used as elastomers, coatings, adhesivesand binders,interior and exterior cars, furniture,shoe soles, carpets, rigit and flexible foams, membrane materials as well as constuction materials .The production of polyurethanes is largely derived  from  polyols derived from petroleum . Howover, petroleum  is a non- renewable raw material . Thus it is necessary to look alternative feedstock  for the manufacture of polyol  as a polyurethane raw material. Synnthesis polyurethane by polymerization process  using  polyol volume based on polyol  oleat acid  polypropylenglycol ( PPG ) in order to know  whether fatty acid can be used  as raw materials  of polyurethane manufacture.From the result of the study. Based on Fourier Transform Infra  Red ( FTIR), showed,that the product  produced is polyol with obtained hydroxyl  group ( OH group )with hydroxylnumber is 129,81 mg KOH / g and 157,60 mg KOH / g sample of 70 

Preliminary evaluation of the physical properties of red ceramic incorporated with solid residue

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (61) ◽  
pp. 3575-3579
Author(s):  
Francine M. Nunes ◽  
Eduarda M. Rangel ◽  
Fernando M. Machado ◽  
Rubens Camaratta ◽  
Letícia P. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Linear Contraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

AbstractThe food processing industry highlights the daily generation of large amounts of eggshell solid residue. In this way, this residue becomes a non renewable raw material to be reused as an additive in red ceramics, in order to reduce the volume of disposal to the environment and improve the physical properties of the product. The objective of this work was to evaluate the forming moisture, linear shrinkage of drying and shrinkage of drying burning of ceramic test pieces (CS’s) with formulations with 2% and 3% of white eggshell residue (ER) incorporated in clay. The clay and ER were collected in the city of Pelotas-RS. The ER sample was analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). After pressing, natural and artificial drying was carried out and the CS’s were burned. These were evaluated through normative parameters C-020/95, C-021/95 and C-026/95. The values obtained for the forming moisture were between 5.82 and 8.78%, for the linear shrinkage of drying between 0.10 and 0.43% and, for the linear contraction burning between -0.29 and 0.08%. The results showed that the addition of ER to the ceramic mass helped in the reduction of the forming moisture and the linear shrinkage of the ceramic test pieces.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document