Experimental Study on the Thermal Behavior of Exterior Coating Textures of Building in Hot and Arid Climates

The building envelope is the barrier between the interior and exterior environments. It has many important functions, including protecting the interior space from the climatic variations through its envelope materials and design elements, as well as reduction of energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort. Furthermore, exterior building sidings, in addition to their aesthetic appearance, can have useful textures for reducing solar gains and providing good thermal insulation performance. This research examined and evaluated the effect of external siding texture and geometry on energy performance. For this objective, a field in situ testing and investigation of surface temperature was carried out on four samples (test boxes) with different exterior textures and different orientations, under the climate zone of Constantine–Algeria during the summer period. The results indicated significant dependability between the exterior texture geometry, the percentage of shadow projected, and external surface temperature. The second part of the research involved a similar approach, exploring the effect of three types of particles with the same appearance but with different thermal characteristics. It was concluded that the natural plant aggregates “palm particles” had the best performance, which contributed to a significant reduction of external surface temperature reaching 4.3 °C, which meant decreasing the energy consumption.

Download Full-text

Energy Performance Analysis of Insulating Windows

Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering ◽

10.2478/mmce-2013-0006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

Florin Iordache ◽

Iulian Clita ◽

Arthur-Sebastian Klepş

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Dissipation ◽

Performance Analysis ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Interior Space ◽

Current Concern ◽

Building Heat ◽

Reducing Energy

Abstract The present paper thematically fits in the current concern for reducing energy consumption to ensure normal thermal comfort in residential and tertiary building heated spaces. Windows are an important area of the building envelope through which heat dissipates from the interior space to the exterior. As it is known the new insulating window types significantly reduce energy dissipation by both transmission and infiltration. This paper aims to establish the theoretical correlations that exist between different constructive functional parameters of insulating windows, such as gas or gases located between two or three window sheets and low-ε films to be applied on interior faces of the transparent elements. The theoretical work procedures as well as the tabulated and graphical results regarding the thermal resistances for various insulated window structures are presented. The results are analyzed in comparison with the values contained in the C107 regulation for building heat calculations.

Download Full-text

Impact of roof shading on building energy performance in warm & humid climatic places of India

iCRBE Procedia ◽

10.32438/icrbe.202037 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50-64

Author(s):

Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽

Avlokita Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Energy Performance ◽

General Assumption ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Passive Cooling ◽

Base Case ◽

U Value ◽

The Impact

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

Download Full-text

BIM and BEM Methodologies Integration in Energy-Efficient Buildings Using Experimental Design

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11100491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Jorge González ◽

Carlos Alberto Pereira Soares ◽

Mohammad Najjar ◽

Assed N. Haddad

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Energy Efficient Buildings ◽

Energy Modelling ◽

Building Information ◽

Energetic Performance

Linking Building Information Modelling and Building Energy Modelling methodologies appear as a tool for the energy performance analysis of a dwelling, being able to build the physical model via Autodesk Revit and simulating the energy modeling with its complement Autodesk Insight. A residential two-story house was evaluated in five different locations within distinct climatic zones to reduce its electricity demand. Experimental Design is used as a methodological tool to define the possible arrangement of results emitted via Autodesk Insight that exhibits the minor electric demand, considering three variables: Lighting efficiency, Plug-Load Efficiency, and HVAC systems. The analysis concluded that while the higher the efficiency of lighting and applications, the lower the electric demand. In addition, the type of climate and thermal characteristics of the materials that conform to the building envelope have significant effects on the energetic performance. The adjustment of different energetic measures and its comparison with other climatic zones enable decision-makers to choose the best combination of variables for developing strategies to lower the electric demand towards energy-efficient buildings.

Download Full-text

Systematic Simplified Simulation Methodology for Deep Energy Retrofitting Towards Nze Targets Using Life Cycle Energy Assessment

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12163038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 3038 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Sánchez Ramos ◽

MCarmen Guerrero Delgado ◽

Servando Álvarez Domínguez ◽

José Luis Molina Félix ◽

Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Simulation Tools ◽

Energy Assessment ◽

Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽

The Difference ◽

Reduction Of Energy Consumption

The reduction of energy consumption in the residential sector presents substantial potential through the implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures. Current trends involve the use of simulation tools which obtain the buildings’ energy performance to support the development of possible solutions to help reduce energy consumption. However, simulation tools demand considerable amounts of data regarding the buildings’ geometry, construction, and frequency of use. Additionally, the measured values tend to be different from the estimated values obtained with the use of energy simulation programs, an issue known as the ‘performance gap’. The proposed methodology provides a solution for both of the aforementioned problems, since the amount of data needed is considerably reduced and the results are calibrated using measured values. This new approach allows to find an optimal retrofitting project by life cycle energy assessment, in terms of cost and energy savings, for individual buildings as well as several blocks of buildings. Furthermore, the potential for implementation of the methodology is proven by obtaining a comprehensive energy rehabilitation plan for a residential building. The developed methodology provides highly accurate estimates of energy savings, directly linked to the buildings’ real energy needs, reducing the difference between the consumption measured and the predictions.

Download Full-text

Thermal Behavior and Measures to Prevent Condensation of a Newly Developed External Wall Panel

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11030912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 912 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Goopyo Hong ◽

Suk-Won Lee ◽

Ji-Yeon Kang ◽

Hyung-Geun Kim

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Unsteady State ◽

Wall Panel ◽

External Wall ◽

Thermal Transmittance

An external wall panel (EWP) as a novel alternative to provide spatial flexibility and improve the performance of external walls was developed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the thermal performance of this EWP. A simulation analysis was carried out to scrutinize whether it was vulnerable to condensation, considering South Korea’s weather conditions, and find countermeasures to prevent this. Results indicated that the indoor surface temperature with the measures of added insulation materials and an inserted thermal-breaker was over 16.5 °C and that these methods could prevent condensation. In addition, this study assessed unsteady-state thermal characteristics, linear thermal transmittance, and the effective thermal transmittance of EWP. Effective thermal transmittance was estimated in consideration of the heat transmittance of EWP and the linear thermal transmittance of its slabs and its connection parts. The thermal characteristics of the building envelope are needed to analyze effective thermal transmittance and linear thermal transmittance-associated thermal bridges.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study: Energy Performance Analysis of Conventional Office Buildings at Lucknow

Journal of Design and Built Environment ◽

10.22452/jdbe.vol20no1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 24-34

Author(s):

Farheen Bano ◽

Vandana Sehgal

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Time Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Office Buildings ◽

Energy Audit ◽

Energy Usage ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Using Data

In this study, the energy consumption of three government and three private office buildings in Lucknow was investigated, and the energy performance index (EPI) for each building was determined. The main purpose of this research was to assess the energy usage of the buildings and identify factors affecting the energy usage. An analysis was performed using data from an energy audit of government buildings, electricity bills of private office buildings, and an on-site visit to determine building envelope materials and its systems. The annual energy consumption of buildings has been evaluated through EPI. The EPI, measured in kilowatt hour per square meter per year, is annual energy consumption in kilowatt hours divided by the gross floor area of the building in square meters. In this study, the energy benchmark for day-time-use office buildings in composite climate specified by Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) has been compared with the energy consumption of the selected buildings. Consequently, it has been found that the average EPI of the selected buildings was close to the national energy benchmark indicated by ECBC. Moreover, factors causing inefficient energy consumption were determined, and solutions for consistent energy savings are suggested for buildings in composite climate.

Download Full-text

Impact of orientation and building envelope characteristics on energy consumption case study of office building in city of Nis

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci18s5499v ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (Suppl. 5) ◽

pp. 1499-1509

Author(s):

Miomir Vasov ◽

Jelena Stevanovic ◽

Veliborka Bogdanovic ◽

Marko Ignjatovic ◽

Dusan Randjelovic

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Early Stage ◽

Building Energy ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Office Building ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Maximum Difference ◽

Heating And Cooling

Buildings are one of the biggest energy consumers in urban environments, so its efficient use represents a constant challenge. In public objects and households, a large part of the energy is used for heating and cooling. The orientation of the object, as well as the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of transparent and non-transparent parts of the envelope, can have a significant impact on building energy needs. In this paper, analysis of the influence of different orientations, U-values of envelope elements, and size of windows on annual heating and cooling energy for an office building in city of Nis, Serbia, is presented. Model of the building was made in the Google SketchUp software, while the results of energy performance were obtained using EnergyPlus and jEplus, taking into ac-count the parameters of thermal comfort and climatic data for the area of city of Nis. Obtained results showed that, for varied parameters, the maximum difference in annual heating energy is 15129.4 kWh, i. e per m2 27.75 kWh/m2, while the maximum difference in annual cooling energy is 14356.1 kWh, i. e per m2 26.33 kWh/m2. Considering that differences in energy consumption are significant, analysis of these parameters in the early stage of design process can affect on increase of building energy efficiency.

Download Full-text

Award winning first Hungarian active house refurbishment

Pollack Periodica ◽

10.1556/606.2020.15.2.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 233-244

Author(s):

Kristóf Roland Horváth ◽

István Kistelegdi

Keyword(s):

Energy Performance ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Interior Space ◽

Building Shape ◽

Award Winning ◽

Space Organization ◽

Final Design ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Thermal Simulations ◽

Insight Into

Abstract:First Hungarian Active House refurbishment won the Active House Award and the Energy Globe Hungary prize in 2017. This paper provides insight into the renewal design process of the typical home from the 70’s under disadvantageous site conditions. Dynamic thermal simulations helped to gain insight into space organization and building envelope concepts and their effects on comfort and energy performance. The Active House Standard was applied to evaluate the calculation results. The most advantageous concept was selected for final design elaboration and construction. The implemented building proved that in the refurbishment process it is possible to achieve highest level of efficiency in operation energy consumption with positive yearly balance by simultaneously being able to rearrange the complete interior space and as a consequence the building shape and envelope into a competitive design at international level.

Download Full-text

Energy performance of single family houses in Serbia: Analysis of calculation procedures

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci180726073m ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (Suppl. 5) ◽

pp. 1695-1705

Author(s):

Dimitrije Manic ◽

Mirko Komatina ◽

Biljana Vucicevic ◽

Marina Jovanovic

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Test Case ◽

Existing Buildings ◽

Single Family ◽

Steady State Method

Energy certification of buildings in Serbia was introduced in 2011 and energy label depends on energy need for heating per unit floor area of heated space, calculated by the fully prescribed monthly quasi-steady-state method defined by ISO 13790. In the Republic of Serbia, most of families live in single-family houses built before the energy certification of buildings was introduced. Therefore, the estimation of energy performance of the existing buildings is important for labeling, and evaluation of energy saving measures and energy strategies to be implemented. This paper examines the applicability of monthly method defined by National legislation on the existing buildings stock in Serbia, by comparing it to the more accurate dynamic simulation method. Typical single-family houses are taken as a test case, since they are responsible for about 76% of energy consumption for heating. The results show that the dynamic simulation method estimates 21% to 54% higher energy need for heating, compared to the monthly method. Also, the monthly method estimates up to 13% higher savings by typical building envelope energy saving measures, compared to the dynamic simulation. This paper recommends improvement in procedures for calculation of building energy performance index to better assess energy consumption, effects of energy saving measures, and create solid background for developing and implementing of energy saving strategies.

Download Full-text

Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13081968 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1968 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marek Borowski ◽

Piotr Mazur ◽

Sławosz Kleszcz ◽

Klaudia Zwolińska

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Management ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Cooling System ◽

Energy Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Large Variability ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

And Control

The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.

Download Full-text