scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Enterprise Innovation Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5742
Author(s):  
Lijie Feng ◽  
Jiarui Lu ◽  
Jinfeng Wang

With rapid changes and increasing uncertainty in the market environment, enterprise innovation ecosystems (EIEs) have increasingly been promoted in the past decade. Nevertheless, research on EIEs has fallen into a fuzzy state. Scholars have scattered views on the subject and have not systematically classified it, leading to a discussion regarding its conceptual rigor and comprehensive analysis. The purpose of this article is to conduct integrative research on EIEs and to examine all the relevant issues of existing views. This study screened all relevant topics in the past decade through the WOS database and identified significant journal articles. By reviewing and sorting out the relevant thematic literature from 2011 to 2020 and performing keyword cluster analysis, the research focus and hot spots of EIEs are determined. The entity structure, main types, dynamic mechanism, and evolution mechanism of EIEs were elaborated, and the definition of an EIE is finally determined. Through an analysis of the emerging viewpoints of EIEs, the hot spots of this topic are discussed. These streams provide opportunities for further research to consolidate the concepts of EIEs.

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Cristina Lazzeroni ◽  
Sandra Malvezzi ◽  
Andrea Quadri

The rapid changes in science and technology witnessed in recent decades have significantly contributed to the arousal of the awareness by decision-makers and the public as a whole of the need to strengthen the connection between outreach activities of universities and research institutes and the activities of educational institutions, with a central role played by schools. While the relevance of the problem is nowadays unquestioned, no unique and fully satisfactory solution has been identified. In the present paper we would like to contribute to the discussion on the subject by reporting on an ongoing project aimed to teach Particle Physics in primary schools. We will start from the past and currently planned activities in this project in order to establish a broader framework to describe the conditions for the fruitful interplay between researchers and teachers. We will also emphasize some aspects related to the dissemination of outreach materials by research institutions, in order to promote the access and distribution of scientific information in a way suited to the different age of the target students.


Legal Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife O'Donoghue

In the pantheon of approaches open to participants in the pacific settlement of disputes, good offices holds a noteworthy place. The evolution of good offices over the past century is concurrent with a trend of considerable transformation within international law, including – amongst other changes – a move away from a state-led legal order, including in good offices following the emergence of the heads of international organisations as its prime users, and a process of legalisation and specialisation within the subject that has entirely altered its character. These changes have led to a redefinition of good offices that stresses the actor carrying out the role above the form that it takes. To accompany these changes in practice, there is a need for a transformation in the legal analysis and definition of good offices. One potential option in achieving this end is Bell'slex pacificatoria. If good offices is to continue to play a significant role in the settlement of violent conflicts, a fully developed legal analysis is necessary to grasp both its historical development and its potential future role.


1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Jaeger

Philosophy, in general, moves in a sphere of abstraction, and its statements claim to be necessary and of universal validity. The reader therefore expects them to appeal directly to his reason, and he does not normally reflect much on the time and historical conditions that determined what the philosopher took for granted. It is only in this age of historical consciousness that we have come to appreciate these factors more readily, and the great thinkers of the past appear to us more or less closely related to the culture of their age. The writings of Plato and Aristotle in particular are for us an inexhaustible source of information about Greek society and civilisation. This is true also in regard to the relation of Greek philosophy to the science of its time, and this is of special importance for our understanding. That relation can be traced throughout Aristotle's logical, physical, and metaphysical works; but the influence of other sciences and arts is no less evident in his ethics. In this paper I propose to examine the numerous references to medicine that occur in the Nicomachean Ethics. They are mostly concerned with the question of the best method of treating this subject. The problem of the right method is always of the utmost importance for Aristotle. The discussion of it begins on the first page of the Ethics, where he tries to give a definition of the subject of this course of lectures and attributes it to a philosophical discipline that he calls ‘politics’. He does so in agreement with the Platonic tradition. We can trace it back to one of the dialogues of Plato's first period, the Gorgias, in which the Platonic Socrates for the first time pronounces his postulate of a new kind of philosophy, the object of which ought to be the care of the human soul (φυχῆς θεραπεία). He assigns this supreme task to ‘political art’, even though it does not fulfil this function at present.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Priju Varghese

Marriage is a topic that has been dealt by Hollywood since the beginning of motion pictures. Even though the subject of marriage seems to be banal, there is a wide diversity in how people lead their married lives. Factors such as culture, religion, education, and history have major influences on the perception and definition of marriage. Hollywood, which has always been deft to notice the evolution in marriage, has accurately portrayed them through the use of movies. Through this paper, the researcher intends to chart the development in the concept of marriage through cinema over the past century.


2020 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Zrinka Božić Blanuša

Thanks to the work of Pascale Casanova, Franco Moretti, David Damrosch and many others, over the past two decades, the concept of world literature has once again become the subject of thorough examination within the field of literary studies, especially in relation to cosmopolitanism and globalization. When it comes to the study of individual national literatures and specific regional contexts, as well as to the definition of comparative literature as a discipline, debates regarding its background, its reach and limitations could not be ignored. World literature thus appears as a heterogenous entity – always manifesting in different contexts in different forms – consistently in dialogical exchange with specificities of a particular literature and culture. Instead of discussing the problematic relation between centre and periphery or criticizing the idea of global literary and cultural canon, the avant-garde as an international and global phenomenon that appears even more radically on the so-called periphery is what is of primary interest to me. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that avant-garde (in its various forms and radical expressions) simultaneously challenges art as an institution and introduces the idea of a decentred geography of world literature.


Author(s):  
Sylwia Sławińska

Abstrakt: Mimo iż temat migracji ludności nie jest tematem nowym (występował już w przeszłości) jest zagadnienie aktualnym, gdyż nieprzerwanie tocząca się wojna w Syrii, niestabilna sytuacja w Afryce oraz we wschodniej części Europy nierzadko zmusza mieszkającą tam ludność do opuszczenia swojego miejsca zamieszkania i ucieczki. W artykule znajdujemy odwołanie do współczesnego kryzysu migracyjnego. Przedstawiono podstawowe terminy z zakresu migracji. W celu odpowiedniego wprowadzenia czytelnika w przedstawianą w artykule tematykę, zostały przytoczone różne definicje pojęcia migrant. Zaprezentowane zostały różnice w pojmowaniu takich pojęć jak: migracja, imigracja, emigracja, reemigracja, deportacja, uchodźstwo, repatriacja. Ukazano podstawowe rodzaje migracji, a także wskazano przyczyny i powody skłaniające migrantów do wyjazdu ze swojego kraju pochodzenia. Opisano migracje jako zjawisko, które jest znane od początków ludzkości nawet powody są podobne. Zmienia się jedynie natężenie zjawiska. Artykuł jest również próbą obalenia mitów związanych z zagrożeniem ze strony migrantów. Przedstawiono obawy jakie pojawiają się przy podejmowaniu decyzji o ewentualnym przyjmowaniu migrantów. Ukazano korzyści i ujemne strony wynikające z przyjmowania migrantów. W dalszej część artykułu zostały przedstawione terminy z zakresu terroryzmu. Autor próbuje ukazać wpływ migracji na zagrożenie terroryzmem i na jego wzrost na kontynencie europejskim. Przedstawiono również główne miejsca emigracji Polaków. W Polsce działają organy i instytucje, których głównym zadaniem jest przeciwdziałanie, zapobieganie oraz zwalczanie terroryzmu. Ukazano przestępstwo o charakterze terrorystycznym definiowane przez polski Kodeks karny. Mam nadzieje, że artykuł chociaż w małym stopniu przyczyni się do przybliżenia społeczeństwu zjawiska współczesnych migracji i terroryzmu. Abstract: Even though, the subject of the migration of population is not a new topic (it appeared in the past), it is still an up-to-date issue because such facts as the war in Syria uninterruptedly taking place, the unstable situation in Africa and in the eastern part of Europe, frequently force the people living there to leave their place of residence and escape. In this article we can find the reference to the contemporary migration crisis. The basic terms concerning migration have been presented. Different definition of the idea ‘migrant’ have been mentioned in order to introduce the reader appropriately to the topic presented in the article. The differences have been presented in understanding such ideas as: migration, immigration, emigration, re-emigration, deportation, refugee status and repatriation. The basic types of migration have been shown and the reasons for making migrants to leave the country of their origin have been indicated. Migration has been described as a phenomenon, which has been known since the beginning of mankind and even the reasons are similar. Only the intensity of this phenomenon is changing. This article is also the attempt to debunk the myths connected with the threatening on the part of migrants. The anxieties, which appear while making decisions about the probable taking the refugees in, have also been presented. In the further part of the article there is a presentation of terms connected with terrorism. The author tries to show the influence of migration on the terrorism threat and the influence on its growth on the European continent. The main places of the emigration of Polish people have also been shown. In Poland there are active authorities and organizations whose main in counteracting, preventing and fighting terrorism. A crime of terrorist character, which is defined by the Polish Penal Code, has been shown. I hope that this article will at least slightly contribute to the process of making the society aware of the phenomenon of contemporary migration and terrorism.


1920 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Roxburgh

Every satisfactory definition of law implies a sanction. Some penalty must be imposed upon a law-breaker, to be exacted, in the last resort, by external power. Force, therefore, is vital to law as it is to war, though normally it plays a less obvious part. A felon who is brought up for trial, condemned, and sent to prison, is induced by force, or by the fear of force, to submit to the court and to punishment. The policeman and the warder are the instruments of external power by which he is constrained to obey.Force also supplies the most important incentive for securing obedience to law. It is true, as Maine pointed out, that for every man who keeps the law through conscious fear of punishment, there may be hundreds who do so as it were instinctively, and without a thought on the subject. But while this law-abiding spirit, which is characteristic of large sections of a modern community, owes its origin to a number of causes, perhaps the most potent of all has been the enforcement of law through long ages in the past.


Prospects ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 353-378
Author(s):  
Erika Doss

The past two decades have seen a plethora of new information on American artist Thomas Hart Benton (1889–1975). Matthew Baigell pioneered Benton studies with his monograph on the artist in 1974, and Karal Ann Marling enhanced the subject with her survey of the artist's drawings in 1985. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City developed and traveled an extensive show of Benton's paintings in the late 1980s and produced an extensive biography by curator Henry Adams. The centennial of Benton's birth generated even more material: exhibits of his prints and drawings, volumes of essays on his art and character, and a considerable number of magazine and journal articles assessing his importance in 20thcentury American culture. Even Prospects has done its part for Bentonia with essays by Marling (1981) and Barbara Ladner (1990).


Dependability ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Netes

Aim. The paper continues the series of publications that investigate and discuss the essence and definitions of the basic concepts of the dependability theory. It analyzes the basic concept, which is the subject of consideration in dependability, for which the term “item” is usually used. The concept of “dependability” is defined for it, and in general all the terminology of dependability applies to it. The following issues are considered: how to name and define this subject of consideration, what it can be, what can be its constituents. In particular, the relationship between the concepts of “item” and “product” is discussed.Methods. The evolution of definitions of this concept in the Russian and international terminological standards in dependability over the past 30 years is traced. A comparative analysis of other standards and federal laws relating to items of different types is carried out. The viability of two main ways of getting an idea of a concept is considered: illustrative (based on examples) and definitional (by means of sequential definition of some concepts through others).Findings and conclusions. The definition and correct understanding of the concept of “item” is of great importance, as it affects the scope of dependability standards. It is explained why it is necessary to accept that the definitions of the basic concepts cannot be rigorously formalized and are in fact only explanations. It is shown that the definitions of the item in the existing Russian and international standards (GOST 27.002–2015 and IEC 60050-192:2015) have inaccuracies. To eliminate them, improved notes to the definition of an item are proposed. The first note lists the possible types of items: products (parts, assembly units, complexes) and their components; buildings and structures; systems consisting of jointly functioning products and structures and their subsystems. The second note indicates the relationship between the main constituents of the item: hardware, software and people (personnel), and their possible combinations. The paper provides reasons for considering virtual items that play an important role in today’s information and telecommunication technologies and are logically isolated subsystems within the systems that they are part of. Besides that, it points out the deficiencies in the definitions of various items in GOST 18322–2016.


2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Žalec

The article deals with Charles Taylor's account of the secular age. In the first part, the main constituents of Taylor's narrative account are presented: the central concepts, distinctions, definition of the subject, the aims etc. The author pays special attention to the notions of secularity, secular age, religion, and transcendence. In the second part, Taylor's genealogy of the secular age is outlined and comparatively placed in the context of other main relative forms of genealogical account. Because our age is an age of authenticity, a special section is devoted to it. The final section presents some reproaches to Taylor and evaluates their strength and the value of Taylor's contribution. Besides, some speculative »forecasts« about secularity and post-secularity in Europe, the USA, and at the global scale are presented (by reference to Taylor's account). The author concludes that despite some (serious and cogent) reproaches and second thoughts about Taylor's account, it is doubtless one of the major achievements in the area that manifests features of a paradigmatic work. It helps us a lot to understand the condition of religion not only in the past and today, but also gives us directions and guidelines, conceptual and methodological tools, and ideas to more clearly discern the forms and condition of religion in the future.


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