scholarly journals Environmental Behaviors of Procymidone in Different Types of Chinese Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6712
Author(s):  
Shuguang Zhang ◽  
Lianshan Li ◽  
Ge Meng ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Lina Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Degradation Rates

Procymidone is a widely used fungicide in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases on many crops in China. Part of the procymidone will enter the soil during the application process. Procymidone may exhibit environmental behavior diversity in different soils. Therefore, it is extremely important to clarify the environmental behavior of procymidone in soil for its environmental safety evaluation. Here, the degradation, adsorption, and mobility behaviors of procymidone in four typical types of Chinese soil were investigated for the first time. The half-lives of procymidone in the soils ranged from 14.3 d to 24.1 d. The degradation rates of procymidone in the soils were promoted by organic matter content, moisture content, and microorganisms. Furthermore, the degradation of procymidone on the soil surface was promoted by light. The desorption rates of procymidone in laterite soil, yellow brown soil, black soil, and chestnut soil were 27.52 ± 0.85%, 16.22 ± 0.78%, 13.67 ± 1.29%, and 7.62 ± 0.06%, respectively, which were contrary to the adsorption ability. The mobility order of procymidone in the soils was: laterite soil > yellow brown soil > black soil > chestnut soil, with the Rf values of 0.28, 0.22, 0.18, and 0.16, respectively. Three degradation products of procymidone were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathway of procymidone in the soil was speculated. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the removal of procymidone in the soil environment.

scholarly journals Degradation of atrazine and bromacil in two forestry waste products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor K. James ◽  
Hossein Ghanizadeh ◽  
Kerry C. Harrington ◽  
Nanthi S. Bolan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Subsequent Degradation

AbstractThe persistence and degradation of two common herbicides, atrazine and bromacil in two organic media, wood pulp and sawdust were compared with two soils. The hypothesis tested was that herbicide degradation will be faster in high organic matter media compared to soil. Degradation of two herbicides was carried out in four different temperature regimes and in sterilised media. The degradation half-life (t½) was determined under above-mentioned conditions then compared to degradation in soil. The degradation as quantified by t½ of the herbicides was generally longer in both organic media. Although microbial degradation was an important factor in the mineralisation of these herbicides, overall, the pH of the media had a more profound effect on the desorption and subsequent degradation rate than the organic carbon content. The results of this study revealed that the hypothesis was only partially correct as organic matter content per se did not strongly relate to degradation rates which were mainly governed by pH and microbial activity.

scholarly journals Pesticide Residues and Their Degradation Products as Influenced by Acidity and Organic Matter in Kura Irrigation Farmland Soils

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
C. O. Olukanni ◽  
A. A. Audu ◽  
M. Waziri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Insecticide Residue ◽  
Farmland Soils

The aim of this research is to determine the insecticide and herbicide residues and their degradation products in Kura irrigation farmland soils. The analyses were carried out during the planting (before harvest) and after the harvesting periods. The insecticide residue analyses were undertaken using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after extraction with a mixture of n-hexane and acetone (1:1) in a soxhlet extractor. The pH levels of the soil samples and the soil organic matter were also determined using standard analytical methods. The acidity and organic matter content of most of the soil samples increased slightly after harvest. The compounds detected as residues include 1-octadecene, 9-heptadecanone, (E)-3-eicosene, (Z)-5-nonadecene, heptadecane, 1-docosene, 1-nonadecene and 1-eicosene. Out of these residues, 1-octadecene and (E)-3-eicosene were detected during planting and after the harvesting periods, showing that they are the most persistent of the residues in the soil samples. The residues detected before harvest were totally different from the residues detected after harvest. This shows that the pesticides, after some time, degraded in the soil into completely different compounds and the total residues were detected in high percentages.

scholarly journals Adsorption and Degradation Behavior of Six Herbicides in Different Agricultural Soils.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umrbek Sharipov ◽  
Martin Kočárek ◽  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Antonín Nikodem ◽  
Luboš Borůvka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sorption Coefficient ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Abstract This study focuses on the assessment of herbicide adsorption and degradation in three soils (Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Fluvisol, and Arenic Regozem) from different agricultural regions of the Czech Republic where sunflower is cultivated. Soil samples were used in laboratory batch sorption and degradation experiments for six herbicides commonly used on sunflower crops. The findings are used to examine the effect of soil and herbicide properties on adsorption and degradation, as well as to determine the possible relation between the two processes. The (Kf) sorption coefficient ranged from 1.07 to 135.37 cm3/n μg1-1/n g-1, and sorption increased in order: dimethenamid-p < pethoxamid < s-metolachlor < flurochloridone < aclonifen < pendimethalin. Sorption of all six herbicides was positively correlated with organic matter content (p < 0. 001), and cation exchange capacity (p < 0.001). pH was negatively correlated with the sorption of all six compounds (p < 0.001). Degradation rates of herbicides ranged from 0. 012 to 0. 048 day-1, which corresponding to (DT50) half-lives between 14 - 57 days respectively. The longer half-lives were always found in Haplic Fluvisol with higher organic matter content. Results showed that both adsorption and degradation of herbicides is mainly controlled by soil organic matter. A negative relationship was found between the sorption coefficient and the rate of degradation. It can be concluded that the Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) can be a good predictor for soil degradation of the studied herbicides.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM AND SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO IN A SOLONETZIC SOIL ASSOCIATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. A. HARRON ◽  
G. R. WEBSTER ◽  
R. R. CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soil Association ◽  
Solonetzic Soil

The relationship between the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium ratio (ESR) in a Solonetzic soil association of the Black soil zone of East-Central Alberta was examined. Highly significant correlations between ESR and SAR were determined for the A and B horizons of this soil association, although the regression equations were different for each horizon. The slope of the regression line indicated that Na was adsorbed three times more strongly, relative to Ca, in the B horizon than in the A horizon. The difference in adsorption was attributed to differences in soil properties, particularly clay and organic matter content, between the two horizons. Equations to calculate exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) from SAR were also determined for the two horizons studied. To relate the soluble Na levels to exchangeable Na in the Duagh-Malmo soil association, appropriate equations should be used for each horizon. Also, data showed that an SAR of 3 in the B horizon corresponds to an exchangeable Ca:Na ratio of 10 that is used to differentiate Solonetzic from Chernozemic soils in the Canadian Classification System. Key words: Solonetzic soil association, soluble-exchangeable cation ratios

scholarly journals Degradation rates of alachlor, atrazine and bentazone in the profiles of Polish Luvisols

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Paszko ◽  
Paweł Muszyński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Oecd Guideline

AbstractThe degradation rates of three herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, and bentazone) were examined according to OECD Guideline 307 in three profiles of grey-brown podzolic soil (Luvisol) in a laboratory experiment. The aim of the experiment was to determine herbicide degradation parameters and their relationships with soil properties. Degradation processes were effectively described by a first-order model. However, in some cases, the best results were produced by bi-phasic kinetics (hockey-stick and bi-exponential model). The degradation rates of the tested herbicides at 25°C and 40% maximum water holding capacity, established based on half-life values in the Ap horizon, increased in the following order: atrazine (32.6-42.8 days) < bentazone (3.4-16.6 days < alachlor (4.4-5.7 days). The correlation analysis and the Principal Component Analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the herbicide degradation rates and the organic matter content of soils. The depth-dependent degradation factors obtained for topsoil and two subsoil horizons (1: 0.42: 0.11 – based on average values, and 1: 0.31: 0.12 – based on median values) reflect the degradation abilities of Polish Luvisols. The values noted are soil-specific; therefore, they can also be applied to other pesticides in Polish Luvisols.

Degradation of ioxynil and bromoxynil as measured by a modified spectrophotometric method

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2008-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeMin C. Hsu ◽  
N. D. Camper
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Loam Soil

A modified spectrophotometric method was developed to estimate ioxynil and bromoxynil residues. The method when compared with a 14C-tracer method was less sensitive but allowed rapid and accurate estimation of the herbicides.A clay loam soil with high organic matter content, which degraded ioxynil completely to CO2, also degraded bromoxynil completely. Bromoxynil degradation proceeded at a faster rate than that of ioxynil. The half-life of degradation was estimated to be 7 days for bromoxynil and 9–10 days for ioxynil. However, soil microorganisms which degraded ioxynil either completely to CO2 or partially did not seem to completely degrade bromoxynil. Degradation products from bromoxynil were detected on thin-layer chromatograms of extracts from pure cultures containing an exogenous carbon source. Complete degradation of bromoxynil and ioxynil in soil could be due to the action of different microorganisms.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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