RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM AND SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO IN A SOLONETZIC SOIL ASSOCIATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. A. HARRON ◽  
G. R. WEBSTER ◽  
R. R. CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Soil Association ◽  
Solonetzic Soil

The relationship between the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium ratio (ESR) in a Solonetzic soil association of the Black soil zone of East-Central Alberta was examined. Highly significant correlations between ESR and SAR were determined for the A and B horizons of this soil association, although the regression equations were different for each horizon. The slope of the regression line indicated that Na was adsorbed three times more strongly, relative to Ca, in the B horizon than in the A horizon. The difference in adsorption was attributed to differences in soil properties, particularly clay and organic matter content, between the two horizons. Equations to calculate exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) from SAR were also determined for the two horizons studied. To relate the soluble Na levels to exchangeable Na in the Duagh-Malmo soil association, appropriate equations should be used for each horizon. Also, data showed that an SAR of 3 in the B horizon corresponds to an exchangeable Ca:Na ratio of 10 that is used to differentiate Solonetzic from Chernozemic soils in the Canadian Classification System. Key words: Solonetzic soil association, soluble-exchangeable cation ratios

scholarly journals Comparative value of various methods of approximating the permanent wilting percentage

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo López
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Accurate Approximation ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Pressure Plate ◽  
Humid Region

Very accurate estimations of the permanent wilting percentage can be obtained for soils of all regions of Puerto Rico by use of regression equations based on the hygroscopic coefficient. Reliable estimates can also be obtained for humid-region soils by using the clay content as a basis. Attempts to correlate permanent wilting-percentage values with moisture equivalents and organic-matter content did not give such satisfactory results. The 15-atmosphere percentage as determined by using pressure plates gives an accurate approximation of permanent wilting-percentage values. It is time-saving, but initial expense in laboratory equipment is rather high. This approach is to be preferred whenever feasible. A regression equation is given relating pressure-plate values to the permanent wilting percentage. Whenever less precise estimates are acceptable and time is not a factor, advantage should be taken of the established correlation between the hygroscopic coefficient and the permanent wilting percentage.

scholarly journals Environmental Behaviors of Procymidone in Different Types of Chinese Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6712
Author(s):  
Shuguang Zhang ◽  
Lianshan Li ◽  
Ge Meng ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Lina Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Degradation Rates

Procymidone is a widely used fungicide in the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases on many crops in China. Part of the procymidone will enter the soil during the application process. Procymidone may exhibit environmental behavior diversity in different soils. Therefore, it is extremely important to clarify the environmental behavior of procymidone in soil for its environmental safety evaluation. Here, the degradation, adsorption, and mobility behaviors of procymidone in four typical types of Chinese soil were investigated for the first time. The half-lives of procymidone in the soils ranged from 14.3 d to 24.1 d. The degradation rates of procymidone in the soils were promoted by organic matter content, moisture content, and microorganisms. Furthermore, the degradation of procymidone on the soil surface was promoted by light. The desorption rates of procymidone in laterite soil, yellow brown soil, black soil, and chestnut soil were 27.52 ± 0.85%, 16.22 ± 0.78%, 13.67 ± 1.29%, and 7.62 ± 0.06%, respectively, which were contrary to the adsorption ability. The mobility order of procymidone in the soils was: laterite soil > yellow brown soil > black soil > chestnut soil, with the Rf values of 0.28, 0.22, 0.18, and 0.16, respectively. Three degradation products of procymidone were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the degradation pathway of procymidone in the soil was speculated. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the removal of procymidone in the soil environment.

SOIL CHEMICAL CRITERIA FOR IRRIGATION SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION OF BROWN SOLONETZIC SOILS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. BENNETT
Keyword(s):  
Selectivity Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Irrigation Suitability ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Southern Alberta

A good statistical relationship was obtained between the exchangeable-sodium ratio and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in Brown Solonetzic and associated soils in southern Alberta. Reliable estimates of the exchangeable-sodium status of these sulfate-rich soils may be anticipated when SAR values are less than 20. Prediction of the exchangeable-sodium status of soils on the basis of SAR values is preferable for both Solonetzic soil and irrigation suitability classification. A saturation extract SAR value of five in the B horizon generally corresponds to an exchangeable calcium to sodium ratio of 10. Saturation extract SAR values of five and 12 are recommended as revised soil chemical criteria for Brown Solonetzic soil and irrigation suitability classification, respectively. Key words: Solonetzic soils, exchangeable cations, sodium adsorption ratio, selectivity coefficient, irrigation suitability

Efficacy of Selected Herbicides as Influenced by Soil Properties

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Blumhorst ◽  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
Len R. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Humic Matter

Field experiments were conducted on six loam and sandy loam soils to study the influence of various soil parameters on atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and pendimethalin efficacy. Herbicidal activity was highly correlated to the soil organic content. Humic matter content was equally or better correlated (r = 0.70 to 0.91) with herbicide bioactivity than was organic matter content (r = 0.66 to 0.84). Regression equations were determined which allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or organic matter levels.

Effect of contrasting farm management on vegetation and biochemical, chemical, and biological condition of moist steepland soils of the South Island high country, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. McIntosh ◽  
R. S. Gibson ◽  
S. Saggar ◽  
G. W. Yeates ◽  
P. McGimpsey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Exchangeable Cation

A question of economic, social, and land-use importance in the predominantly steep South Island high country tussock grasslands of New Zealand is whether these lands can be sustainably farmed by oversowing introduced grasses and legumes and using fertilisers. To help answer this question, we compared vegetation and soil chemical, biochemical, and biological properties on Brown soils (Dystrudepts) on adjacent land areas which have been differently managed since 1978. One area had never been fertilised or oversown. The other had been oversown with grasses and clovers and received about 1100 kg/ha of sulfur-superphosphate between 1979 and 1997. Oversowing and fertilising reduced the amount of bare ground and transformed the vegetation to a species composition dominated by the introduced adventives Anthoxanthum odoratum and Agrostis capillaris. Fertilising raised soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, increased A-horizon thickness, and raised exchangeable cation values. All of the phosphorus (P) applied to the fertilised area was accounted for in the top 15 cm of soil, but has accumulated in the relatively unavailable organic form. Oversowing and fertilising significantly (P < 0 . 05) increased microbial biomass C, N, and P relative to values in unfertilised soils. The microbial biomass C: N and C: P ratios were significantly (P < 0 . 05) lower in fertilised soils. Fertilised soils had significantly more (P < 0 . 05) mineralised N than unfertilised soils. Populations of 5 groups of soil fauna (Scarabaeidae, nematodes, enchytraeids, rotifers, tardigrades) were higher in fertilised soils. Nematode species parasitic or pathogenic for clovers were present in greater numbers on fertilised soils. A combination of fertility decline (in particular, P immobilisation as organic P) and nematode damage may be the reason for the low clover cover on fertilised sites, and may explain the widely observed clover ‘flush’ and decline common to oversown high country. We conclude that there is no simple measure of ‘soil quality’ that can be used as a sustainability indicator in moist New Zealand high country. Nor can sustainability be judged purely on biological, biochemical, and chemical critieria. Although many of the effects associated with oversowing and fertilising, such as increased organic matter content of A horizons and increased biological activity, are positive, these effects must be balanced against the economic risk associated with being committed to a high-input farming system, the loss of low-producing but resilient native species, and increase of plant-pathogenic nematodes.

Empirical Relationships of Phytomacrofaunal Abundance to Plant Biomass and Macrophyte Bed Characteristics

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cyr ◽  
John A. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates was measured in 13 macrophyte beds and was related, using multiple regression analysis, to the biomass of macrophytes among which the invertebrates were collected, the average plant biomass growing per unit lake area, water and organic matter content of the sediments, total phosphorus concentration in the water, rooting depth of the macrophyte bed, and sampling date. Quantitative analyses are presented for chironomids, cladocerans, cyclopoid copepods, gastropods, water mites (Hydracarina), ostracods, and trichopterans. R2 values for the regression equations ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The abundance of invertebrates was best related to the biomass of separate plant species, but equations based only on total plant biomass sometimes had equivalent R2 values, in general, the abundance of phytophilous invertebrates was positively related to areal plant biomass, sediment organic matter, and lake trophic status and negatively related to depth. The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates generally rose throughout the sampling season. The sign of the relationship with sediment water content, however, varied among invertebrate taxa. Macrophyte beds with high areal plant biomass, in lakes with high total phosphorus concentration, support the greatest abundance of potential invertebrate food for fish and waterfowl.

Relationship between petrographic parameters and physical-mechanical properties of weakly cemented sandstones

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. qjegh2018-168
Author(s):  
Zhenkang Wang ◽  
Jiangfeng Chen ◽  
Wenping Li ◽  
Qiqing Wang ◽  
Qinghe Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Thin Sections

Petrographic characteristics (textural properties and modal compositions) have an intrinsic influence on the physical and mechanical (PM) properties of weakly cemented sandstones. Sixteen sandstone samples were tested to determine the PM parameters and then thin sections from those samples were used to measure the petrographic parameters. Petrographic parameters were analysed statistically to establish quantitative relationships between the petrographic characteristics and PM properties. Based on multiple linear regression (MLRA) and stepwise multiple regression analyses (SMRA), several multiple regression equations with significant petrographic variables were established for estimating the PM parameters of the sandstone. Results indicated that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Young's modulus (E) were closely related to mean grain size (Mz) (φ-value), non-uniform coefficient (Cu), fractal dimension (Fd), Riley sphericity (Ψp), packing proximity (Pp), floating contacts (Fl), grain-to-grain contacts (G-G), feldspar content and organic matter content. An increased percentage of grain-to-cement contacts (G-C) and reduced percentages of grain-to-matrix contacts (G-M) and organic matter content indicated a high value of Poisson's ratio (POISS). In addition, Mz, Cu, Fd, Ψp, quartz, feldspar, and organic matter contents were found to be significant parameters for density and P-wave velocity (Vp). Furthermore, density and POISS could be predicted using the results from the MLRA and Fd was a good predictor for density, Vp and UCS using the results from the SMRA. Additionally, it was noted that the petrographic characteristics of roof sandstones had significant influence on the overburden pressure characteristics within the coal faces in the Shendong mining area.

Estimation of Exchangeable Sodium Percentage with the Aid of Sodium Adsorption Ratio in Sedimentary Soils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
The Relationship

Soil salinity and sodicity are two main factors limiting plant growth in irrigated agricultural land. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) are two different criteria as an index of soil sodicity and salinity. Various approximate relationships between ESP and SAR have been reported for soils in different regions of the world. Since there is possibility that these relationships change substantially with clay content, mineralogy, salinity of equilibrium solution, and saturation percentage of soils, it seems essential doing specific studies for different regions. &nbsp;The purpose of this research was to i) find the relationship between ESP and SAR, and ii) estimate the ESP from SAR in alluvial soils of Sistan, the dry plain in east of Iran. Thus, 301 soil samples were collected from study area and&nbsp; analyzed. The best linear and logarithmic equations found between ESP and SAR using Datafit software were ESP = 8.89 &times; ln(SAR1:1) + 14.04 and ESP = 8.73 &times; ln(SAR1:5) + 14.59, that ESP variation was justified 78% and 76%, respectively. Then, the multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP) and ANFIS system performance were investigated in order to estimate ESP. Results showed superior performance of MLP and ANFIS compared with the regression models. ESP estimation from SAR1:1 using ANFIS was more accurate than other models (coefficient of determination and root mean square error values were 0.99 and 0.014, respectively). These results indicate the superiority of the intelligent models in order to explain the relationship between ESP and SAR over &nbsp;linear and non-linear regression equations.

Making Herbicide Rate Recommendations Based on Soil Tests

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
M. Ray Tucker ◽  
Robert A. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

Percent soil organic matter content, as determined by standard chromic acid oxidations, was highly (r = 0.89) correlated with soil humic matter content, as determined by NaOH/DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid)/alcohol extraction of 201 U.S. soils. Humic matter content of the soils was equally or better correlated (r = 0.89 to 0.97) with herbicide bioactivity, as measured in field experiments, than was percent organic matter content (r = 0.87 to 0.92). Regression equations provided allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or soil organic matter levels.

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