scholarly journals Analysis of Bus Line Operation Reliability Based on Copula Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8419
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiaoliang ◽  
Jia Limin

To promote the development level of urban sustainability, more and more cities have been paying attention to the improvement of public transportation. City managers intend to attract people from private cars to public transport by improving the service level of urban public transport. The operational reliability of bus lines plays a crucial role in maintaining high-level service of public transportation. Previous studies have focused on the service level of the whole line by investigating the overall stability of departure punctuality, line running time, and punctuality. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the whole line and sites in terms of the influence on the operational reliability of bus lines. This study proposes a bus route reliability evaluation method, based on copulas connect function, and the actual line data are taken as a case study. The results show that the method reveals the relationship between the overall line and the interstation paths in the context of operational reliability. This study finds the interstation path, which is more critical to the whole line. This method can provide a good reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of line operation and the optimization of bus routes. The results can support the sustainable development of public transportation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (156) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
D. Ponkratov

Urban public transport ensures a high level of service for its users. Despite the challenges of comprehensiveness of the measurement of the level of transport service, the one of the most important unit assessment is in-vehicle crowding level. Excessive crowding level of the vehicle compartment causes passengers feeling uncomfortable during trip. Consequently, the crowding level is a factor, should be rationing. Assessment of in-vehicle crowding level observing using different indicators which have variation in units of measurement, descriptive properties, circumstances of apply, etc. Simultaneously, it makes it harder to assess and compare conditions of public transit according to occupancy rate, via dissimilar measures of its value, as well during the observation, as well as the address the challenges of urban public transport organization. In view of the above-mentioned, formalization of the relationship between the crowding indicators in urban public transport is a pressing task that needs to be addressed. The research presents the relationship between these in-vehicle crowding level: the passengers density per sq. m of the vehicle’s floor intended for standing passengers (passenger density) The floor area of the vehicle intended for single standing passengers; load factor which is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to its capacity; load factor is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to the number of seats. The relationship between considering indicators of occupancy rates of vehicles have been established. Its value is entirely determined via dependencies of the ratio of seats in the passenger capacity of vehicles and the passenger density at which its was found. Further research is focused on the application of the proposed dependencies in solving the problems of rationing the public transit crowding level and assessing the influence of the occupancy rate on the passenger’s route choice decisions. Keywords: public transit, passenger transportation, vehicle capacity, in-vehicle crowding level, load factor.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Mohd Sahrul Syukri BIN Yahya ◽  
Edie Ezwan Mohd Safian ◽  
Burhaida Burhan

Currently, the trends in urban public transport have been changing over the years in developing countries for mobilization and accessibility development. Urban public transportation systems are the most popular in Selangor State, including big cities such as the Klang Valley Region. Objective measures of spatial pattern and hotspots have been used to understand how urban public transport development relate to open access. This method relies on specific spatial information and available web-based tool that shows the pattern primarily based on given vicinity and statistics connectivity. To date, several studies have finished tested in developed countries. In this study, we use Geographic Information Systems to analyse and consider hotspots identification precisely and efficaciously. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on two types of point sample evaluations – Gi* hot spot and point density analysis evaluation as statistical operations. Public rail transport was evaluated as a validation to describe the percentage of distribution of open access. The final result, GIS mapping capabilities to show that GIS's technology offers to the variation of urban public transport relate to public services, is to create maps and spatial interpretations.


2017 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Borysova

Introduction. Such variables as number of employees in marketing of organisation, value of marketing expenses, cost on innovation, the number of marketing staff, the share of marketing efforts which is undertaken in cooperation with the city council and different non-profit organizations, the marketing costs, the level of satisfaction of marketers, level of marketing potential, level of innovation potential are considered in this research. They are marketing factors that can affect the level of social impact of Ukrainian providers of urban public transport services. Purpose. The article aims to obtain the adequate econometric model which can demonstrate the relationship between marketing factors, innovation development and the non-economic effect of business entities which provide the urban public transport services. Method (methodology). The results of evaluation of social effect of Ukrainian providers of urban public transport services are evaluated on the basis of mathematical multifactor model. They are presented in the article. Results. The adequate econometric model has been worked out in this research. This model shows the relationship between controllable marketing factors and social effect has been presented in the article. We have determined the controllable marketing factors. They are number of employees and volunteers in marketing, the average monthly wage of employees in marketing, satisfaction of volunteers, total current assets of an organization, and the level of marketing potential. The model can be used to predict the level of social (ecological) impact of providers of urban public transport services in the Ukrainian society.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nataliia Vyhovska ◽  
Olena Vyhovska

The purpose of the article is to assess the practice of attracting international sources of financial support for public transportation at the regional level, to identify problems with insufficient effectiveness of the implementation of international financial support projects and the formation of solutions at various system levels. It is determined that the main sources of financing of transport entities are self-financing, lending, state and international financial support. The preconditions for the use of credit funds of international financial donors for financing public transport and the conditions for lending to transport entities are described. Peculiarities of public transport lending by way of implementation of the project "Ukraine Urban Public Transport" are analyzed, and it is highlighted that its purpose is to realize the strategic priorities of the transport industry, institutional reforms and informatization. It is clarified that the responsibility for the performance gaps under the project, defined in the assistance agreements, is allocated to the City Councils and / or public transport entities. An assessment of international financial support is made and the reasons for short receipt of funds by transport companies from international financial organizations are specified. The amount of losses on incomplete implementation of the plan of expenditures and provision of credits for the realization of projects in the transport sector of Ukraine is clarified. Inefficiency in finding additional sources of financing of the project "Ukraine Urban Public Transport" is justified due to the impossibility to allocate financial responsibility to a certain project group in case of delay in non-implementation of the project plan at all levels. The organizational and financial mechanism of providing international financing for urban public transport by the European Investment Bank is proposed. It is argued that the mentioned mechanism, in contrast to the existing ones, identifies control points for the flow of financial resources, which provides an opportunity to suggest ways to intensify control activities by observers of the European Investment Bank and the public. The main disadvantage of receiving financing from the European Investment Bank in the framework of the project "Ukraine Urban Public Transport" is identified: obligations to pay VAT to the State budget are allocated to the business entity of the transport sector. The problems of inefficiency of implementation of financing sources of international financial organizations (on the example of the European Investment Bank) are identified and the directions of their solution are offered. The need for coordination of bodies of state supervision at the regional level with the observers' control activity is identified to promote the efficient and meaningful use of international financial sources by economic entities in the transport sector. It is proposed to supplement the state and supranational control with public control functions through the following options for establishing cooperation: 1) interaction of public councils at local self-government bodies with independent observers of international organizations involving auditors of the Accounting Chamber; 2) control of the process of implementation of the credit project of important infrastructure projects, including public transportation, by public organizations of the regional level. Methodology. In accordance with the purpose, the following research methods were used: a systemic approach (in identifying the components of the organizational and financial mechanism of international financial projects and their relationship), methods of comparative and statistical analysis (in assessing the receipt of financial resources from international financial sources). Results. The problems of inefficiency of implementation of financing sources of international financial organizations (on the example of the European Investment Bank) are identified and the directions of their solution are offered. Practical implications. Improving efficiency of using the international sources of financial support at the regional level will contribute to the renewal of the rolling stock of urban public transport, ensure its sustainable operation and development, save jobs at utility enterprises, increase revenues of utility enterprises from the provision of transportation services to the population. Value/originality. The organizational and financial mechanism for providing international financial support for urban public transport by the EIB has been developed, which, unlike the existing ones, identifies control points for grant flows, providing an opportunity to suggest ways to intensify control activities by the EIB observers and the public.


2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2121-2126
Author(s):  
Li Gai Yang ◽  
Hong Yang Wu ◽  
Xu Mei Chen ◽  
Hao Zhi Zhang

Urban public transport is the basic and guiding industry for the cities development. And it is also important livelihood projects. In this paper, the main problems of urban public transport development are analyzed, and the strategic measures are proposed for the problems to promote the sustainable development of public transport. This paper aims to provide decision-making reference for urban management department.


2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1998-2001
Author(s):  
Fa An Chen ◽  
Zhou Hao Wu

In order to improve the objectivity of urban public transport network evaluation and achieve the sub-file of quality level of preliminary scheme, a comprehensive evaluation method for urban public transport network was proposed based on TOPSIS, and then constructed the evaluation model of urban public transport network. This method was applied to Xian urban public transport network planning, which obeyed the basic theory of scheme evaluation and some related requirements. The result showed that planning-5 was the best one among the five urban public transport network planning in Xian and consistent with the passenger flow prediction. The evaluation model for urban public transport network based on TOPSIS was objective, which involved few parameters, simple operation, scientific evaluation and provided a basis for urban public transport network planning decision.


Author(s):  
Smart Dumba

Background: Literature on the negative socio-economic and environmental externalities generated by informal public transport (IPT) in developing countries is vast, vibrant and growing fast. These externalities include but are not limited to noise, air and land pollution, accidents and, more importantly, a source of congestion (human and vehicular) because of poor driver behaviour. In this article, the research does not seek to reinstate these, but rather, it argues that poor driver behaviour is a dependent variable to some regulatory policy stimuli. Yet, an extensive literature survey has shown that the driver behaviour and urban transport regulation linkage remain little explored.Objective: The purpose of this article was to unpack the relationship between informal public transport driver behaviour and the prevailing regulatory framework.Method: Based on a case study of Harare, Zimbabwe, the researcher adopted a mixed-methods paradigm and interrogated the prevailing urban public transport regulatory regimes and applied professional judgement, oral interviews backed by some quantitative data and relate these to obtaining IPT driver behavioural characteristics.Results: Poor driver behaviour exhibited by IPT were generated, exacerbated and or eased by the prevailing regulatory policy. This is well depicted through an IPT driver behaviour and regulation loop reinforcing diagram.Conclusion: Following this argument, the article cautions policy makers and urban managers alike that direct approaches and interventions when trying to regulate IPT poor driver behaviour and its secondary negative effects will be futile as long as the regulatory policy remains the same. Failure to recognise and connect the dots between IPT driver behaviour and policy partly explains why globally, the IPT sector has proved difficult in prohibiting, restructuring or even formalising it.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Ahmet Atalay

The increasing number of urban centers and the increasing number of vehicles caused by industrialization caused problems such as lack of infrastructure in traffic, environmental pollution and an increase in energy requirements. This situation led the city administrators to search for solutions in order to improve the efficiency of public transportation systems and increase their efficiency. In this study, it is aimed to determine the functional efficiency of the bus lines used in urban public transportation. For this purpose, the lines are classified according to their functional activities by using the functional data of the lines. Both classical cluster analysis and self-organizing mapping (SOM) method were used for classification. Data from Erzurum main public transport lines were used to implement the methods. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that the two methods achieved similar results. As a result, it has been determined that classification of public transportation lines used in cities according to their functional efficiency will be beneficial for decision makers to make correct planning. With the right planning in public transport lines, significant economic and environmental benefits will be obtained.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yunhong Shao ◽  
Chunqin Zhang ◽  
Daoyou Wang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Min Hong

In recent years, to alleviate and resolve the traffic problems in China, the government introduced a series of policies to subsidize public transportation. Accordingly, to effectively implement these financial subsidies, the formulation of a scientific model of urban public transport subsidy calculation, strict control of the total amount of financial subsidies, and clear identification of subsidy targets are necessary. In this study, a linear dual model is developed based on the principle of resource allocation and the economic meaning of shadow prices. The public transportation system of a city in China is considered an example, and both public transport operators and public interest stakeholders are considered. The subsidy calculation for service quality improvement is established for public transportation operations and vehicle transformation. Based on the validation using the above example, the calculation result is found to approximate the actual value, indicating the feasibility of the proposed model. Finally, this article presents suggestions pertaining to subsidy mechanism, operating environment, and service quality as a reference for urban public transport subsidies.


Author(s):  
I. V. Orlova ◽  

Purpose: to identify the main environmental problems in areas of intensive use of irrigated lands in Western Siberia and to study the relationship between their manifestations and the territorial specifics of the irrigation land use functioning. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach and comparative geographical analysis. The indicators characterizing the modern structure and territorial specifics of irrigated land use, and parameters reflecting the ecological state of irrigated lands and adjacent territories are studied. Discussions. It was found that the specifics of the identified environmental problems depends not only on type of irrigated lands use but also on the territorial differentiation of irrigated land use and its specialization. For suburban areas with potato and vegetable growing specialization, environmental problems arising as a result of higher intensification of irrigation land use and the proximity effect of Western Siberia metropolis have been identified, which predetermines a high degree of environmental pollution and a high level of land and water resources degradation. For areas with livestock specialization, located in the peripheral and most arid natural and climatic conditions, a great dependence of environmental problems on the irrational structure of irrigation land use and non-observance of norms and technologies for irrigation has been established. Conclusions. For better understanding of the environmental problems causes, it is necessary to study the relationship between their manifestations and the territorial specifics of the irrigation land use functioning. The results of this study can contribute to the search for ways of reducing the irrigation impact on the environment and the development of effective strategies for the sustainable development of irrigation land use in Western Siberia.


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