scholarly journals FORMALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSIT CROWDING INDICATORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (156) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
D. Ponkratov
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The One ◽  
Transportation Vehicle ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Urban public transport ensures a high level of service for its users. Despite the challenges of comprehensiveness of the measurement of the level of transport service, the one of the most important unit assessment is in-vehicle crowding level. Excessive crowding level of the vehicle compartment causes passengers feeling uncomfortable during trip. Consequently, the crowding level is a factor, should be rationing. Assessment of in-vehicle crowding level observing using different indicators which have variation in units of measurement, descriptive properties, circumstances of apply, etc. Simultaneously, it makes it harder to assess and compare conditions of public transit according to occupancy rate, via dissimilar measures of its value, as well during the observation, as well as the address the challenges of urban public transport organization. In view of the above-mentioned, formalization of the relationship between the crowding indicators in urban public transport is a pressing task that needs to be addressed. The research presents the relationship between these in-vehicle crowding level: the passengers density per sq. m of the vehicle’s floor intended for standing passengers (passenger density) The floor area of the vehicle intended for single standing passengers; load factor which is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to its capacity; load factor is defined as the ratio of the number of passengers in the cabin of the vehicle to the number of seats. The relationship between considering indicators of occupancy rates of vehicles have been established. Its value is entirely determined via dependencies of the ratio of seats in the passenger capacity of vehicles and the passenger density at which its was found. Further research is focused on the application of the proposed dependencies in solving the problems of rationing the public transit crowding level and assessing the influence of the occupancy rate on the passenger’s route choice decisions. Keywords: public transit, passenger transportation, vehicle capacity, in-vehicle crowding level, load factor.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bus Line Operation Reliability Based on Copula Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8419
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiaoliang ◽  
Jia Limin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

To promote the development level of urban sustainability, more and more cities have been paying attention to the improvement of public transportation. City managers intend to attract people from private cars to public transport by improving the service level of urban public transport. The operational reliability of bus lines plays a crucial role in maintaining high-level service of public transportation. Previous studies have focused on the service level of the whole line by investigating the overall stability of departure punctuality, line running time, and punctuality. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the whole line and sites in terms of the influence on the operational reliability of bus lines. This study proposes a bus route reliability evaluation method, based on copulas connect function, and the actual line data are taken as a case study. The results show that the method reveals the relationship between the overall line and the interstation paths in the context of operational reliability. This study finds the interstation path, which is more critical to the whole line. This method can provide a good reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of line operation and the optimization of bus routes. The results can support the sustainable development of public transportation.

scholarly journals Iris Hanika's Treffen Sich Zwei: Reception, Analysis and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry Alistair Nitz
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Narrative Functions ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Iris Hanika’s commercially and critically successful novel Treffen sich zwei makes use of several techniques in the characterisation of its protagonists. Many of its reviews focus on the author’s deliberate placement of links to a wider literary context. Their interest extends from questions of genre-mixing through to the identification of direct quotes from other authors’ works. The critical preoccupation with intertexts demonstrates their importance for the readers’ response to the novel. More specifically, certain reviews highlight the important role intertexts play in the characterisation of the protagonists. This study catalogues the intertexts, metaphors and parodies in Treffen sich zwei and, by means of quantitative analysis, identifies high-level patterns in the use of these techniques. In particular, patterns are identified between, on the one hand, the different narrative functions of the intertexts and, on the other hand, the different ways in which they are interwoven in the text. The data also shows that distinct patterns are associated with each of the two protagonists and that certain patterns change in the course of the novel in parallel with the changes in the relationship between them. This quantitative evidence is supported by a more detailed, qualitative approach, which examines how specific intertexts or metaphors are used for the purposes of characterisation. In addition, variations in voice are used to distinguish the two main protagonists in a manner consistent with the intertexts and metaphors. It is thanks to the combination of these techniques that the theme of meeting encapsulated in the title, Treffen sich zwei, is woven into the textual fabric of the novel.</p>

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MULTIFACTOR MODEL OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Borysova
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
City Council ◽  
Social Effect ◽  
Multifactor Model ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Transport Services

Introduction. Such variables as number of employees in marketing of organisation, value of marketing expenses, cost on innovation, the number of marketing staff, the share of marketing efforts which is undertaken in cooperation with the city council and different non-profit organizations, the marketing costs, the level of satisfaction of marketers, level of marketing potential, level of innovation potential are considered in this research. They are marketing factors that can affect the level of social impact of Ukrainian providers of urban public transport services. Purpose. The article aims to obtain the adequate econometric model which can demonstrate the relationship between marketing factors, innovation development and the non-economic effect of business entities which provide the urban public transport services. Method (methodology). The results of evaluation of social effect of Ukrainian providers of urban public transport services are evaluated on the basis of mathematical multifactor model. They are presented in the article. Results. The adequate econometric model has been worked out in this research. This model shows the relationship between controllable marketing factors and social effect has been presented in the article. We have determined the controllable marketing factors. They are number of employees and volunteers in marketing, the average monthly wage of employees in marketing, satisfaction of volunteers, total current assets of an organization, and the level of marketing potential. The model can be used to predict the level of social (ecological) impact of providers of urban public transport services in the Ukrainian society.

scholarly journals Informal public transport driver behaviour and regulatory policy linkage: An expose

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smart Dumba
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Literature on the negative socio-economic and environmental externalities generated by informal public transport (IPT) in developing countries is vast, vibrant and growing fast. These externalities include but are not limited to noise, air and land pollution, accidents and, more importantly, a source of congestion (human and vehicular) because of poor driver behaviour. In this article, the research does not seek to reinstate these, but rather, it argues that poor driver behaviour is a dependent variable to some regulatory policy stimuli. Yet, an extensive literature survey has shown that the driver behaviour and urban transport regulation linkage remain little explored.Objective: The purpose of this article was to unpack the relationship between informal public transport driver behaviour and the prevailing regulatory framework.Method: Based on a case study of Harare, Zimbabwe, the researcher adopted a mixed-methods paradigm and interrogated the prevailing urban public transport regulatory regimes and applied professional judgement, oral interviews backed by some quantitative data and relate these to obtaining IPT driver behavioural characteristics.Results: Poor driver behaviour exhibited by IPT were generated, exacerbated and or eased by the prevailing regulatory policy. This is well depicted through an IPT driver behaviour and regulation loop reinforcing diagram.Conclusion: Following this argument, the article cautions policy makers and urban managers alike that direct approaches and interventions when trying to regulate IPT poor driver behaviour and its secondary negative effects will be futile as long as the regulatory policy remains the same. Failure to recognise and connect the dots between IPT driver behaviour and policy partly explains why globally, the IPT sector has proved difficult in prohibiting, restructuring or even formalising it.

Volunteering involvementand agency, communion and ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 586 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Adam Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Agency And Communion ◽  
Selfless Action ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper was to check whether there exists a relationship between volunteering involvement and the level of communion, agency and degree of support for ethical codes. The questions concerned whether persons involved in volunteering (compared to those not involved) are characterized, on the one hand, by a higher intensity of agency and communion, on the other, a higher level of declared support for ethical codes (ethics of autonomy, universal good, dignity and collectivism). In order to find the answer, a study was carried out in which participated 37 people involved in hospice volunteering (including 19 women) and 34 non-volunteers (including 18 women).The results of the study show the existence of an assumed relationship in the case of agency and communion. As for ethical codes, the results did not provide evidence of the relationship between the level of their support and volunteering. The results of the presented study lead to the conclusion that selfless action for the benefit of the other people is associated with a high level of agency and communion, and not only with a high ethical level. Hence the postulate for pedagogical practice to shape and develop a sense of agency and communion in children and youth.

Discussion on the Land Using Mode of Conventional Public Transit Oriented City

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
Liang Guo ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Ling Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Land Using

For the contradiction between the current urban public transport system and land use status in many small and medium-sized cities, the purpose of the paper is to present the counterplan framework of the land using mode and to provide mechanism and ensuring for the land using mode that matches the conventional public transit system.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Self-Confidence and Performance of Gymnastic Elements // Povezanost samopouzdanja i uspješnosti izvođenja gimnastičkih elemenata

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Mrđa ◽  
Saša Jovanović ◽  
Sanja Srdić ◽  
Adrijana Ljubojević
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Back Handspring ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Confidence Scale

The aim of this research was to establish a relation between self-confidence and self-concept, on the one hand, and the performance of the apparatus elements and the floor routine, on the other. The research included 29 subjects, aged 20 to 27, with the average age of the subjects being 21 years old (M= 21.16, SD= 1.54). The following measurement instruments were used: RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and SC-6, as well as the evaluation of the performance of the floor exercises (side-to-side and front-to-back cartwheel, roundoff, front and back handspring, forward and backward flip) and a vault (squat through on the vault and straddle vault with pre-flight, front handspring on vault, roundoff vault) and with the apparatus: the high bar (uprise on bars with legs together, kip, front mill circle, back circle, underswing dismount) and the parallel bars (swing, forward roll, back roll, shoulder stand, front toss dismount, back toss dismount) by a three-member committee. The results showed that Rosenberg’s confidence scale produced statistically significant correlations with all the remaining subscales of moderate or high intensity, and the highest one with the scale of the self-concept (rs= .73), while the lowest one with the scale related to the performance of gymnastic elements on the apparatus (rs = .45) (Cohen, 1988 according to Cumming, 2012). In contrast to this scale, the scale of the self-concept is in statistically significant correlation with the gymnastic elements (rs = .61) on the floor and the vault, while the statistically significant correlation of this scale is missing with the gymnastic elements on the apparatus. It can be concluded that a high level of confidence in one’s own abilities through the entire training period enabled a better access to learning, repetition and, finally, the demonstration of the selected gymnastics elements, while the level of general satisfaction was not a decisive factor in the process.

scholarly journals empleo de videotutoriales en la era post COVID19: valoración e influencia en la identidad docente del futuro profesional

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Hernández-Ramos ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Abad ◽  
José Carlos Sánchez-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
School Year ◽  
Enseñanza Superior ◽  
Aprendizaje Virtual ◽  
Video Tutorials ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
High Level ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
The Relationship

Debido a la pandemia del COVID19, en el curso 2019-2020 en infinidad de países, se tuvo que suspender la actividad educativa presencial en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones, teniendo los docentes que planificar y desarrollar un nuevo proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual. Ante esta circunstancia y a tenor de la incertidumbre actual, los recursos tecnológicos se convierten en un aliado para el profesorado, siendo necesaria la difusión de experiencias como la recogida en este estudio: el empleo de videotutoriales en la enseñanza superior.  A partir de un diseño de investigación pre-experimental, tras aplicar un cuestionario electrónico a 240 estudiantes, se analiza la planificación e implementación de videotutoriales para la transmisión de los contenidos teóricos y prácticos en asignaturas de Metodología de Investigación. Las valoraciones realizadas muestran un nivel alto de aceptación del recurso, especialmente para: analizar y reflexionar sobre los contenidos; resolver problemas prácticos y organizar el estudio. Así mismo, queda reflejada la relación entre la percepción de utilidad del videotutorial y la intención de uso futuro. Se concluye el estudio destacando las potencialidades educativas del empleo de videotutoriales en la enseñanza superior a distancia. Due to the COVID19 pandemic, in the 2019-2020 school year in many countries, the classroom activity had to be suspended in any of its manifestations, having the teachers to plan and develop a new process of virtual teaching-learning. In view of this circumstance and in light of the current uncertainty, technological resources become an ally for teachers, making it necessary to disseminate experiences such as the one collected in this study: the use of video tutorials in higher education.  From a pre-experimental research design, after applying an electronic questionnaire to 240 students, the planning and implementation of video tutorials for the transmission of theoretical and practical contents in Research Methodology subjects is analyzed. The assessments made show a high level of acceptance of the resource, especially for: analyzing and reflecting on the contents; solving practical problems and organizing the study. Likewise, the relationship between the perception of the usefulness of the video tutorial and the intention of future use is reflected. The study is concluded by highlighting the educational potential of the use of video tutorials in distance higher education

scholarly journals Iris Hanika's Treffen Sich Zwei: Reception, Analysis and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry Alistair Nitz
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Narrative Functions ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Iris Hanika’s commercially and critically successful novel Treffen sich zwei makes use of several techniques in the characterisation of its protagonists. Many of its reviews focus on the author’s deliberate placement of links to a wider literary context. Their interest extends from questions of genre-mixing through to the identification of direct quotes from other authors’ works. The critical preoccupation with intertexts demonstrates their importance for the readers’ response to the novel. More specifically, certain reviews highlight the important role intertexts play in the characterisation of the protagonists. This study catalogues the intertexts, metaphors and parodies in Treffen sich zwei and, by means of quantitative analysis, identifies high-level patterns in the use of these techniques. In particular, patterns are identified between, on the one hand, the different narrative functions of the intertexts and, on the other hand, the different ways in which they are interwoven in the text. The data also shows that distinct patterns are associated with each of the two protagonists and that certain patterns change in the course of the novel in parallel with the changes in the relationship between them. This quantitative evidence is supported by a more detailed, qualitative approach, which examines how specific intertexts or metaphors are used for the purposes of characterisation. In addition, variations in voice are used to distinguish the two main protagonists in a manner consistent with the intertexts and metaphors. It is thanks to the combination of these techniques that the theme of meeting encapsulated in the title, Treffen sich zwei, is woven into the textual fabric of the novel.</p>

Public Health and the Virtues of Responsibility, Compassion and Humility

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In contrast to medical care, which is focused on the individual patient, public health is focused on collective health. This article argues that, in order to better protect the individual, discussions of public health would benefit from incorporating the insights of virtue ethics. There are three reasons to for this. First, the collective focus may cause neglect of the effects of public health policy on the interests and rights of individuals and minorities. Second, whereas the one-on-one encounters in medical care facilitate a compassionate and caring attitude, public health involves a distance between professionals and the public. Therefore, public health professionals must use imagination and care to evaluate the effects of policies on individuals. Third, the relationship between public health professionals and the people who are affected by the policies they design is characterized by power asymmetry, demanding a high level of responsibility from those who wield them. Against this background, it is argued that public health professionals should develop the virtues of responsibility, compassion and humility. The examples provided, i.e. breastfeeding information and vaccination policy, illustrate the importance of these virtues, which needed for normative as well as instrumental reasons, i.e. as a way to restore trust.

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