Energy Consumption of Beverage-Bottling Machines

Sustainability is a megatrend influencing the beverage industry. Knowledge of the consumption behavior and suitable metrics are required for energy optimization strategies. Machine efficiency and energy consumption are intermixed in common parameters, e.g., customary specifications refer to the energy consumption for a specific number of products (e.g., kWh/1000 fillings). This does not reflect the influence that inevitable breakdown times have on the energy consumption (e.g., malfunction, lack, and tailback situations within the material flow). While specific energy performance indicators are useful as a benchmark, it does not provide reliable information to verify plant specifications, or to have a source-related cost allocation as a basis for a weak point analysis. In this work, energy and operational data were analyzed, in order to find a generic description of the operational-state related consumption behavior. Therefore, empirical data on the effective electrical energy and operational state data were collected on machine level of two representative bottling plants and for additional single machines. In the frequency distributions of the discrete values of the measured electrical energy data, three main peaks were found. These can be correlated to operational states such as state-related energy demand level. The change from one demand level to another was found to be reproducible.

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Application of Rough Set Theory (RST) to Forecast Energy Consumption in Buildings Undergoing Thermal Modernization

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13061309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tomasz Szul ◽

Stanisław Kokoszka

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Set Theory ◽

Rough Set ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Rough Set Theory ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Simple Procedure ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency

In many regions, the heat used for space heating is a basic item in the energy balance of a building and significantly affects its operating costs. The accuracy of the assessment of heat consumption in an existing building and the determination of the main components of heat loss depends to a large extent on whether the energy efficiency improvement targets set in the thermal upgrading project are achieved. A frequent problem in the case of energy calculations is the lack of complete architectural and construction documentation of the analyzed objects. Therefore, there is a need to search for methods that will be suitable for a quick technical analysis of measures taken to improve energy efficiency in existing buildings. These methods should have satisfactory results in predicting energy consumption where the input is limited, inaccurate, or uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test the usefulness of a model based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for estimating the thermal energy consumption of buildings undergoing an energy renovation. The research was carried out on a group of 109 thermally improved residential buildings, for which energy performance was based on actual energy consumption before and after thermal modernization. Specific sets of important variables characterizing the examined buildings were distinguished. The groups of variables were used to estimate energy consumption in such a way as to obtain a compromise between the effort of obtaining them and the quality of the forecast. This has allowed the construction of a prediction model that allows the use of a fast, relatively simple procedure to estimate the final energy demand rate for heating buildings.

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Characterization of the Specific Electrical Energy Consumption of Agrifood Industries in the Central Region of Portugal

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.878 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 590 ◽

pp. 878-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P.D. Gaspar ◽

P.D. Silva ◽

J. Nunes ◽

L.P. Andrade

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Central Region ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Electrical Energy Consumption ◽

Reference Levels ◽

Energy Characteristics ◽

High Level ◽

Result Analysis

This paper provides a characterization of the electrical energy consumption of agrifood industries located in the central region of Portugal that use refrigeration systems to ensure the food safety. The study is based on the result analysis of survey data and energy characteristics of the participating companies. The agrifood industries included in the survey belong to the following sector: meat, dairy, horticultural, distribution and wine. The comparison of energy indicators for the specific electrical energy consumption of companies of a sector and between sectors is analysed and discussed, providing reference levels for the energy performance of agrifood industries. Since the agrifood sector accounts for high level of energy consumption, the energy performance level knowledge can promote the rational use of energy as well as helping on the decision making of practice measures for the improvement of the energy efficiency.

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Reduction of Energy Intensity in Broiler Facilities: Methodology and Strategies

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.671183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Baxevanou ◽

Dimitrios Fidaros ◽

Ilias Giannenas ◽

Eleftherios Bonos ◽

Ioannis Skoufos

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Energy Audit ◽

Wind Potential ◽

Technology Level

Broiler facilities consume a lot of energy resulting in natural source depletion and greater greenhouse gas emissions. A way to assess the energy performance of a broiler facility is through an energy audit. In the present paper, an energy protocol for an energy audit is presented covering both phases of data collection and data elaboration. The operational rating phase is analytically and extendedly described while a complete mathematical model is proposed for the asset rating phase. The developed energy audit procedure was applied to poultry chambers located in lowland and mountainous areas of Epirus Greece for chambers of various sizes and technology levels. The energy intensity indices varied from 46 to 89 kWh/m2 of chamber area 0.25–0.48 kWh/kg of produced meat or 0.36–1.3 kWh/bird depending on the chamber technology level (insulation, automation, etc.) and the location where the unit was installed. The biggest energy consumer was heating followed by energy consumption for ventilation and cooling. An advanced technology level can improve energy performance by ~ 27%−31%. Proper insulation (4–7 cm) can offer a reduction of thermal energy consumption between 10 and 35%. In adequately insulated chambers, the basic heat losses are due to ventilation. Further energy savings can be achieved with more precise ventilation control. Automation can offer additional electrical energy saving for cooling and ventilation (15–20%). Energy-efficient lights can offer energy saving up to 5%. The use of photovoltaic (PV) technology is suggested mainly in areas where net-metering holds. The use of wind turbines is feasible only when adequate wind potential is available. Solar thermal energy is recommended in combination with a heat pump if the unit's heating and cooling systems use hot/cold water or air. Finally, the local production of biogas with anaerobic fermentation for producing thermal or electrical energy, or cogenerating both, is a choice that should be studied individually for each farm.

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Implementation of the ISO 50001 standard to sustainable energy and economic saving the industrial sector

Scientia et technica ◽

10.22517/23447214.23541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 261-268

Author(s):

Guillermo Valencia ◽

Katherin Nahomy Rodriguez ◽

Gloria Raquel Torregroza Matos ◽

Carlos Acevedo ◽

Jorge Duarte Forero

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Working Pressure ◽

Economic Saving ◽

Save Energy

Given the growth in energy demand, the limited energy resources, and the high environmental impact of energy generation from fossil fuels, it is vital to find methods to obtain save energy costs in different sectors, such as residential, industrial, transportation sector, and domestic. This paper presents a methodology that allows the implementation of an energy management system following the guidelines of the ISO 50001 standard. A gap analysis was performed to determine the position of the organization with respect to the requirements of the standard, and the next step was the inspection of the plant to find opportunities for improvement that would lead to energy optimization. From the results, six equipment was the cause of the 82% of the energy consumption in the production process, and some recommendation was proposed with the aim to optimize energy consumption. A methodology is proposed for the standard implementation, which can be implemented by different organizations from different fields to achieve savings in energy costs in the plant. Some relevant actions to improve the energy performance of the plant were proposed, such as the optimization of the compressed air system, the reduction of potential numbers of leakage, and the reduction of the working pressure of the system.

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Finding Alternative Methods for Controlling the Power Shortage in Kurdistan through Improving Buildings’ Energy Performance

Academic Journal of Nawroz University ◽

10.25007/ajnu.v7n4a281 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Kawar T. Salih

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Building Design ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Research Approach ◽

Building Sector

The power shortage is one of the major problems in developing countries. Kurdistan Region of Iraq suffers from this issue, like other developing countries. Especially, after the economy crises that has started in 2014. However, all its efforts for tackling this challenge has been in providing more energy supply stations and more fuel provision. Few studies have been found in the region that seek the relation between the quality of buildings and energy consumption. It is questioned if the building sector in Kurdistan is well managed and environmentally sufficient to consume minimum amount of energy since it is the largest energy consuming sector. This research will seek an alternative to decrease the energy demand in buildings instead of expanding the energy sector. This could be achieved by evaluating the quality of building sector environmentally and improving it. Providing guidelines for building’s thermal regulations, passive building design and increasing the energy efficiency of buildings by renewal means could be alternative strategies for lowering the energy consumption. Theoretical and numerical research approach have been taken in to account for finding the answer through a case study and comparative analysis. A variation of 21-29% of power consumption can be observed between buildings that have not considered energy efficiency criteria in their design and those who reflected them more in the design.

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Present Situation of Electrical Energy Demand, Supply, Projection of Demand-supply and Renewable Energy Utilization and Progress

10.36227/techrxiv.13107299.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Nazmul Islam

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Present Situation ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Power Development ◽

Per Capita ◽

Renewable Energy Generation

<p>A brief overview of present electricity demand, supply, projection of them and renewable energy generation and progress has been presented in this paper. Electricity is the major source of power for most of the country's economic activities. According to the Bangladesh Power Development Board in July 2018, 90 percent of the population had access to electricity. However per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is considered low. The country has a very limited energy reserve; small amounts of oil, coal and countable natural gas reserves. The country suffers an internal energy struggle, as about 88% of the country’s power producing thermal plants are gas-based. To solve this problem, renewable energy is being used.</p>

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Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13081968 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1968 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marek Borowski ◽

Piotr Mazur ◽

Sławosz Kleszcz ◽

Klaudia Zwolińska

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Management ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Cooling System ◽

Energy Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Large Variability ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

And Control

The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.

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Green Roofs as Effective Tools for Improving the Indoor Comfort Levels of Buildings—An Application to a Case Study in Sicily

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10030893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 893 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laura Cirrincione ◽

Maria La Gennusa ◽

Giorgia Peri ◽

Gianfranco Rizzo ◽

Gianluca Scaccianoce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Simulation Models ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Comfort Levels ◽

Indoor Comfort ◽

The Impact

In the line of pursuing better energy efficiency in human activities that would result in a more sustainable utilization of resources, the building sector plays a relevant role, being responsible for almost 40% of both energy consumption and the release of pollutant substances in the atmosphere. For this purpose, techniques aimed at improving the energy performances of buildings’ envelopes are of paramount importance. Among them, green roofs are becoming increasingly popular due to their capability of reducing the (electric) energy needs for (summer) climatization of buildings, hence also positively affecting the indoor comfort levels for the occupants. Clearly, reliable tools for the modelling of these envelope components are needed, requiring the availability of suitable field data. Starting with the results of a case study designed to estimate how the adoption of green roofs on a Sicilian building could positively affect its energy performance, this paper shows the impact of this technology on indoor comfort and energy consumption, as well as on the reduction of direct and indirect CO2 emissions related to the climatization of the building. Specifically, the ceiling surface temperatures of some rooms located underneath six different types of green roofs were monitored. Subsequently, the obtained data were used as input for one of the most widely used simulation models, i.e., EnergyPlus, to evaluate the indoor comfort levels and the achievable energy demand savings of the building involved. From these field analyses, green roofs were shown to contribute to the mitigation of the indoor air temperatures, thus producing an improvement of the comfort conditions, especially in summer conditions, despite some worsening during transition periods seeming to arise.

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Analysis of the Impact of Different Variables on the Energy Demand in Office Buildings

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12135347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 5347

Author(s):

José Luis Fuentes-Bargues ◽

José-Luis Vivancos ◽

Pablo Ferrer-Gisbert ◽

Miguel Ángel Gimeno-Guillem

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Use ◽

Computer Software ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Point Of View ◽

Regulatory Systems ◽

Energy Behaviour ◽

Balance Energy ◽

The Impact

The design of near zero energy offices is a priority, which involves looking to achieve designs which minimise energy consumption and balance energy requirements with an increase in the installation and consumption of renewable energy. In light of this, some authors have used computer software to achieve simulations of the energy behaviour of buildings. Other studies based on regulatory systems which classify and label energy use also generally make their assessments through the use of software. In Spain, there is an authorised procedure for certifying the energy performance of buildings, and software (LIDER-CALENER unified tool) which is used to demonstrate compliance of the performance of buildings both from the point of view of energy demand and energy consumption. The aim of this study is to analyse the energy behaviour of an office building and the variability of the same using the software in terms of the following variables: climate zone, building orientation and certain surrounding wall types and encasements typical of this type of construction.

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