scholarly journals Biochar Phosphate Fertilizer Loaded with Urea Preserves Available Nitrogen Longer than Conventional Urea

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Cristiane Francisca Barbosa ◽  
Dehon Aparecido Correa ◽  
Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro ◽  
Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Loading Matrix ◽  
Rich Material

Biochar, a carbon-rich material obtained by pyrolysis of organic wastes, is an attractive matrix for loading nutrients and producing enhanced efficiency fertilizers. In this study, poultry litter (PL) was enriched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and MgO to produce a biochar-based fertilizer (PLB), which was loaded with urea in a 4:5 ratio (PLB:urea, w/w) to generate a 15–15% N–P slow-release fertilizer (PLB–N) to be used in a single application to soil. A greenhouse experiment was carried out in which a common bean was cultivated followed by maize to evaluate the agronomic efficiency and the residual effect of fertilization with PLB–N in Ultisol. Six treatments were tested, including four doses of N (100, 150, 200, and 250 mg kg−1) via PLB–N in a single application, a control with triple superphosphate (TSP—applied once) and urea (split three times), and a control without N-P fertilization. The greatest effect of PLB–N was the residual effect of fertilization, in which maize showed a linear response to the N doses applied via PLB–N but showed no response to conventional TSP + urea fertilization. Biochar has the potential as a loading matrix to preserve N availability and increase residual effects and N-use efficiency by plants.

scholarly journals Monoammonium phosphate coated with polymers and magnesium for coffee plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Ramos Guelfi ◽  
Wantuir Filipe Teixeira Chagas ◽  
Jordana Reis Lacerda ◽  
Rafael Mattioli Rezende Chagas ◽  
Taylor Lima de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Anionic Polymers ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Mg Content

ABSTRACT The coating of phosphate fertilizer granules with polymers and magnesium (Mg) is a technology that can improve phosphorus (P) use efficiency and mitigate problems of low Mg supply in coffee crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and nutrition characteristics of coffee seedlings and the agronomic efficiency (AE) of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) coated with anionic polymers and Mg in comparison with other phosphate fertilizer technologies. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in 20 L pots. Two five-month-old coffee seedlings were transplanted into each pot. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. The following treatments, applied at a dose corresponding to 20 g pot-1 of P2O5, were carried out: MAP; MAP coated with anionic polymers (Policote Phós®); MAP coated with anionic polymers+Mg (Policote Phós_Mg®); Top-Phós®; and Agrocote®. A control (without P) was prepared. Plant height; leaf area; dry mass of leaves, stems, and roots; total dry mass; shoot/root ratio; specific leaf weight; P and Mg content in plants and their availability in the soil after cultivation and efficiency indicesof the phosphate fertilization treatment were evaluated. The recovery of applied P and the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers was found to increase in the following order: MAP = Top-Phós® = Agrocote®<MAP+Policote Phós® = MAP+Policote Phós_Mg®. The coating of the MAP+Policote Phós_Mg® granules increased growth, the content and accumulation of P and Mg in coffee seedlings, the availability of these nutrients in the soil after cultivation and the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine reduce time to flowering and improve flower quality of Laelia anceps

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tejeda-Sartorius ◽  
Humberto Vaquera-Huerta ◽  
Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽  
Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández ◽  
Julio Sánchez-Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The efficacy of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has been demonstrated in the flowering of economically significant orchid hybrids, but studies of their effects in wild species with commercial potential are scarce. The effect of three doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzyladenine (BA), individually or in combination, and a control without PGRs, were evaluated during three flowering periods in Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, in the temporal behavior of flowering, morpho-floral quality parameters and in potential residual effects and malformations. Significant effects were observed between the experimental periods and doses used, with a single application of PGRs in the first period reducing the days to visible flower induction (DVFI), days to anthesis (DAN) and days of flower life (DFL), mainly in the first period. There were no significant differences between doses for morpho-floral quality parameters within each period, but differences existed between experimental periods, where the life and size of the flower increased in the first period, and the number of flowers and flower stems increased significantly in the second period. The doses of 2.37 mg · L−1 BA + 100 mg · L−1 GA3 showed highest significant consistency in the reduction of DVFI, DAN and increase of DFL and flower stems in the study. There were no floral malformations, and a positive residual effect was observed in temporal variables in the second period. Most of the doses used encourage beneficial effects in the various aspects of flowering evaluated.

Correction - Initial and medium-term responses of white clover to three sulfur fertilizers on a basaltic soil

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BD McLaughlin ◽  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

The short and medium-term effects of three sulfur fertilizers on white clover pasture were measured on a sulfur-deficient basaltic soil in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales between 1976 and 1979. The treatments were a single application of elemental sulfur, gypsum, and sulfur-fortified superphosphate (SF45) at 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg S/ha and three annual applications of elemental sulfur and gypsum at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha. Gypsum and SF45 gave the largest effects in the first year, and elemental sulfur and SF45 caused the largest residual effects in the third year. A single application of 20 kg S/ha gave near maximum yields over the three year period provided that most of the sulfur was supplied in the elemental form. However, to achieve maximum yields in the first year about 20% of the sulfur was required as sulfate. Likewise maximum yields in the third year required a fresh application of 10 sulfate S/ha. The relatively large residual effect of gypsum was attributed to the slow-leaching soil, and the resistance of the coarse textured elemental sulfur (65% >0.5mm) to leaching by the high summer rainfall.

Transcriptome and physiological studies reveal key players in wheat nitrogen use efficiency under both high and low N

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Meng ◽  
Xiaochun Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Shuping Xiong ◽  
Yihao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Phloem Transport ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract The effective use of available nitrogen (N) to improve crop grain yields provides an important strategy to reduce environmental N pollution and promote sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the common genetic basis of N use efficiency (NUE) at varying N availability. Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in the field with high, moderate and low N supply. Zhoumai 27 outperformed Aikang 58 independent of the N supply and showed improved growth, canopy leaf area index, flag leaf surface area, grain number and yield, and enhanced NUE due to both higher N uptake and utilization efficiency. Further, transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed using flag leaves that provide assimilates for grain growth. Results showed that many genes or proteins that are up- or down-regulated under all N regimes are associated with N and carbon metabolism and transport. This was reinforced by cultivar differences in photosynthesis, assimilate phloem transport, and grain protein/starch yield. Overall, our study supports that improving NUE at both high and low N requires distinct adjustments in leaf metabolism and assimilate partitioning. Identified key genes/proteins may individually or concurrently regulate NUE and are promising targets for maximizing crop NUE irrespective of the N supply.

Within-season grass herbage crude-protein- and nitrate-N concentrations as affected by rates and seasonal distribution of fertilizer nitrogen in a high yearly rainfall climate

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bittman ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Single Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Poor Indicator

An orchardgrass study in which three rates of N (100, 200 and 400 kg ha−1) each distributed in 1/0/0/0, 0.75/0.25/0/0, 0.50/0.25/0.25/0 and 0.25/0.25/0.25/0.25 proportions prior to four cut intervals examined crude-protein-N and nitrate-N concentrations in grass herbage at each cut in three trials. Crude-protein-N concentration frequently increased to a greater degree and in a different pattern (based on cut) than yield as the rate of N application increased. This showed that crude-protein-N by itself cannot be used as a method for determining the N sufficiency status of grass. Both rate and distribution of fertilizer N strongly influenced plant nitrate-N concentration; the degree of change varied considerably among cuts and trials. Plant nitrate-N concentration in the control did not correspond to yield responsiveness to N application, making it a poor indicator of the plant's need for fertilizer applications. Residual effects of N applications on plant nitrate-N were noted into the last cut of the season from a single spring application. The effect of N rate and distribution, then, was a function of immediate and residual effects of the applications. There was some evidence that N present in the soil in nitrate-N form enhanced the potential for high nitrate-N in the plant. Plant nitrate-N concentrations accounted for up to 29% of the total N in the plant with concentrations greater than 4000 mg N kg−1 at the highest N application rates. Plant nitrate-N did not exceed 1000 mg N kg−1, a concentration considered safe for ruminants, when 75 kg N ha−1 or less ammonium nitrate was applied as a single application prior to a growth interval for all cuts. Since grass protein- and nitrate-N concentrations respond differently than yield to N applications, a specific combination of rate and distribution of fertilizer will not necessarily produce maximum herbage quantity and quality simultaneously. Key words: Crude-protein-N, plant nitrate-N, residual effect, split applications

Initial and medium-term responses of white clover to three sulfur fertilizers on a basaltic soil

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
BD McLaughlin ◽  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers

The short and medium-term effects of three sulfur fertilizers on white clover pasture were measured on a sulfur-deficient basaltic soil in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales between 1976 and 1979. The treatments were a single application of elemental sulfur, gypsum, and sulfur-fortified superphosphate (SF45) at 0, 20, 40, and 80 kg S/ha and three annual applications of elemental sulfur and gypsum at 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha. Gypsum and SF45 gave the largest effects in the first year, and elemental sulfur and SF45 caused the largest residual effects in the third year. A single application of 20 kg S/ha gave near maximum yields over the three year period provided that most of the sulfur was supplied in the elemental form. However, to achieve maximum yields in the first year about 20% of the sulfur was required as sulfate. Likewise maximum yields in the third year required a fresh application of 10 sulfate S/ha. The relatively large residual effect of gypsum was attributed to the slow-leaching soil, and the resistance of the coarse textured elemental sulfur (65% >0.5mm) to leaching by the high summer rainfall.

scholarly journals Residual Effects of Lime- and Clay-Amended Biosolids Applied to Coarse-Textured Pasture Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjutha Shanmugam ◽  
Lynette K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Wet Weight

This study investigated whether there was residual effect of application of lime- and clay-amended biosolids (LaBC®) on ryegrass growth and soil microbial biomass in a coarse-textured, acid pasture soil. Reapplied LaBC®increased fertiliser-use efficiency and plant growth in this glasshouse experiment. Soil management history was established with a single application of LaBC®(50 t ha−1wet weight equivalent) with or without inorganic fertiliser (NPK) prior to growing annual ryegrass for 5 cycles. In cycle 6 there was no residual nutrient effect of the original application of LaBC®but there was a residual liming effect of the previously applied LaBC®. A nutrient effect of reapplied LaBC®in plant growth cycle 6, had little residual benefit in cycle 7. The residual concentration of inorganic N remaining in this coarse-textured acid soil after a single application of LaBC®was negligible and did not appear to be a risk to the environment when applied at 50 t ha−1wet weight equivalent.

scholarly journals Seasonal drought may alter N availability but not water use efficiency of dominant trees in a subtropical forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. e00475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songbo Tang ◽  
Yimin Xu ◽  
Yongbiao Lin ◽  
Enqing Hou ◽  
Weijun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Seasonal Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Yeast extract plus blood plasma in diets for piglets from 36 to 60 days old

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Cinthia Maria Carlos Pereira ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Rita Flávia Miranda de Oliveira Donzele ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Verônica Maria Pereira Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Variables

ABSTRACT: To evaluate inclusion levels and residual effects of diets containing yeast extract (YE) plus blood plasma (BP) on the performance of 36 to 60-days old piglets, 105 piglets were used (8.75±0.72kg), and they were distributed under a randomized block experimental design with five treatments (control - 2.0% BP; 1.0% BP plus 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0% YE), seven repetitions, and three animals per experimental unit. Piglets were given experimental diets from 36 to 49 days of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, all piglets received the same diet. No effects from treatments (P>0.10) were observed on the performance variables from 36 to 49 day of age. From 50 to 60 day of age, an effect was observed from YE levels on the daily feed consumption (P<0.03), daily weight gain (p<0.01), and final weight (P<0.06), which increased quadratically up to 1.67, 1.67, and 1.55% YE levels, respectively. Piglets which were fed with the diet containing 1.0% BP + 2.0% YE were observed to have better feed conversion ratios (P<0.01) as compared to the control diet (2.0% BP). As it provides a better residual effect, the inclusion of 1.67% yeast extract may replace 50% of blood plasma in 36 to 49-days old piglet diets.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Use Efficiency in Wheat Crop as Influenced by the Organic-Input Quality Under Major Integrated Nutrient Management Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Deepika Rajwar ◽  
Rajender K. Yadav ◽  
Suresh K. Chaudhari ◽  
Dinesh K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Use Efficiency

PurposeOne of the serious constraints for the integration of organics in soil fertility plans is the release and availability of nitrogen (N) to match the critical growth stages of a crop. The interplay between organic amendment characteristics and soil moisture conditions can significantly affect the nutrient release and availability, especially for dryland crops like wheat. In this study, the effects of integrated nutrient management strategies using diverse qualities of organic amendments on daily N mineralization and its availability to plants during the full growing season of the wheat crop were analyzed in a 10-year experiment.MethodsThe management included (1) F, inorganic fertilizers at 100% rate, compared to a reduced rate of inorganic fertilizers (55% N) supplemented with organic inputs via (2) GM, green manuring, (3) LE, legume cropping and its biomass recycling, (4) WS, wheat stubble retention, (5) RS, rice stubble retention, and (6) FYM, farmyard manure application, during the preceding rice season. Ion exchange resin (IER) membrane strips were used as plant root simulators to determine daily NH4+-N and NO3–-N availability in soil solution during the full wheat growing period.ResultsTotal available N for the full season was in the following order: GM (962 μg cm–2) &gt; F (878 μg cm–2) &gt; LE (872 μg cm–2) &gt; FYM (865 μg cm–2) &gt; RS (687 μg cm–2) &gt; WS (649 μg cm–2). No significant differences were observed in NH4+-N availability throughout the cropping period as compared to NO3–-N which showed significant differences among management at critical crop growth stages.ConclusionLegume biomass incorporation (GM, LE) and farmyard manure (FYM) based management provided the most consistent supply equivalent to or even exceeding 100% inorganic fertilizers at several critical stages of growth, especially at tillering and stem elongation. Integration of organics in management increased nitrogen use efficiency 1.3–2.0 times, with cereal crop residue-based management having the highest efficiency followed by legume biomass incorporation.

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