scholarly journals Minimal Concentrations of Deoxynivalenol Reduce Cytokine Production in Individual Lymphocyte Populations in Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Hlavová ◽  
Hana Štěpánová ◽  
Kamil Šťastný ◽  
Lenka Levá ◽  
Nikola Hodkovicová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Spontaneous Proliferation ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin frequently found in cereals, and pigs are one of the most sensitive farm species to DON. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of DON in very low doses on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on particular lymphocyte subpopulations. The cells were exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL of DON and lymphocyte viability, proliferation, and cytokine (Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17, Interferon (IFN) γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α production were studied. Cells exposed to DON for 5 days in concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/mL showed higher viability compared to control cells. After 18 h of DON (100 ng/mL) exposure, a significantly lower proliferation after mitogen stimulation was observed. In contrast, an increase of spontaneous proliferation induced by DON (100 ng/mL) was detected. After DON exposure, the expression of cytokine genes decreased, with the exception of IL-1β and IL-8, which increased after 18 h exposure to 100 ng/mL of DON. Among lymphocyte subpopulations, helper T-cells and γδ T-cells exhibiting lower production of IL-17, IFNγ and TNFα were most affected by DON exposure (10 ng/mL). These findings show that subclinical doses of DON lead to changes in immune response.

"Tien-Hsien Liquid" Can Modulate Antigen-Stimulated Cytokine Production by T-Cells Isolated from Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Ulcerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sun ◽  
Jean-San Chia ◽  
Won-Bo Wang ◽  
Chun-Pin Chiang
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) represent a common oral mucosal disease with altered humoral and cellular immunities. Tien-Hsien liquid (THL) is an extract of Chinese medicinal herbs with immunomodulating effects. Our previous study found that THL can modulate the antigen-stimulated proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-cells isolated from RAU patients. In this study, we further tested whether THL can modulate the antigen-stimulated cytokine production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. To achieve this goal, T-cells isolated from 19 RAU patients were incubated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), glutaraldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxoid (TT), glucosyltransferase D (GtfD), or antigens of Streptococcus mutans in the presence or absence of THL. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, or IL-10 in the supernatants of T-cell cultures were measured by cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We found that THL significantly increased the PHA- or TT-stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. However, THL could also significantly decrease the TT-stimulated IL-2 production, the GtfD-stimulated IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 production, and the S. mutans-stimulated IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. These results indicate that THL can modulate the antigen-stimulated cytokine production by T-cells isolated from RAU patients. Because RAU is probably a Thl-mediated disease with elevated levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 in either the patient's sera or oral lesions and these increased levels of cytokines can be reduced by THL, we suggest that THL may be a potential immunoceutical agent for treatment of RAU.

scholarly journals Cellular Basis of Early Cytokine Response toPlasmodium falciparum

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2364-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Hensmann ◽  
Dominic Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Multistage Process ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Produce Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Uncertainty remains about the cellular origins of the earliest phase of the proinflammatory cytokine response to malaria. Here we show by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis that γδ T cells and CD14+ cells from nonimmune donors produce tumor necrosis factor and that γδ T cells also produce gamma interferon within 18 h of contact with mycoplasma-free Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in vitro. This early cytokine response is more effectively induced by intact than by lysed parasitized erythrocytes. However, the IFN-γ response to lysed parasites is considerably enhanced several days after peripheral blood mononuclear cells are primed with low numbers of intact parasitized erythrocytes, and in this case it derives from both αβ and γδ T cells. These data show that naı̈ve γδ T cells can respond very rapidly to malaria infection but that malaria fever may involve a multistage process in which the priming of both γδ and αβ T-cell populations boosts the cytokine response to lysed parasite products released at schizont rupture.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin A1 Protease, an Exoenzyme of Pathogenic Neisseriae, Is a Potent Inducer of Proinflammatory Cytokines

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (8) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk R. Lorenzen ◽  
Frank Düx ◽  
Uwe Wölk ◽  
Anastasios Tsirpouchtsidis ◽  
Gaby Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Cytokine Induction ◽  
Regulatory Cytokine ◽  
Iga1 Protease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

A characteristic of human pathogenic Neisseriae is the production and secretion of an immunoglobulin (Ig)A1-specific serine protease (IgA1 protease) that cleaves preferentially human IgA1 and other target proteins. Here we show a novel function for native IgA1 protease, i.e., the induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The capacity of IgA1 protease to elicit such cytokine responses in monocytes was enhanced in the presence of T lymphocytes. IgA1 protease did not induce the regulatory cytokine IL-10, which was, however, found in response to lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin. The immunomodulatory effects caused by IgA1 protease require a native form of the enzyme, and denaturation abolished cytokine induction. However, the proteolytic activity is not required for the cytokine induction by IgA1 protease. Our results indicate that IgA1 protease exhibits important immunostimulatory properties and may contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of neisserial infections by inducing large amounts of TNF-α and other proinflammatory cytokines. In particular, IgA1 protease may represent a key virulence determinant of bacterial meningitis.

scholarly journals Effect of soluble interleukin-6 receptor α and interleukin-6 secreted by polymorphonuclear leukocytes on tumor necrosis factor-α expression and its production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jablonska
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Interleukin 6 Receptor ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: It has recently been shown that soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) alone or complexed with interleukin (IL)-6, besides their regulatory role in a wide variety of both normal and abnormal biologic reactions mediated by IL-6, could be an effective stimulator of the cell function.Aims: The key question of the present study is whether the sIL-6Rα or sIL-6R with IL-6 released by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) can influence cytokine secretion such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which together with PMN develop the inflammatory and immune response of a host.Methods: Cells were isolated from heparinized whole blood of healthy persons. The PMN were cultured for 1 h at 37°C in 5% CO2. After incubation, the culture supernatant of PMN was removed and was added to PBMC. The PBMC were cultured for 1 h at 37°C in the same conditions. In the culture supernatants and lysates of PMN, we examined the concentrations of sIL-6R by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF-α was measured at both protein and mRNA levels. Protein levels were determined by ELISA. To examine TNF-α mRNA expression, we isolated mRNA from PBMC after culture, using TRIZOL Reagent. The quantity of mRNA TNF-α was determined by the Quantikine mRNA assay.Results and conclusion: The results obtained revealed that sIL-6R with IL-6 secreted by PMN may play a regulatory role in the immune response by modulating the TNF-α expression and its production by PBMC. This may have a significant influence on an early phase of the inflammation and other reactions mediated by TNF-α.

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Expanded Human Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cells Can Suppress Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsui Mao ◽  
Carol Miao ◽  
Yi Liao ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Chia Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

γδ-T-cells have attracted attention because of their potent cytotoxicity towards tumors. Most γδ-T-cells become activated via a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent pathway by the interaction of their receptor, Natural Killer Group 2 Member D (NKG2D) with the tumor-specific NKG2D ligands, including MHC class I-related chain A/B (MICA/B) and UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs), to kill tumor cells. However, despite their potent antitumor effects, the treatment protocols specifically targeting ovarian tumors require further improvements. Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal and challenging female malignancies worldwide because of delayed diagnoses and resistance to traditional chemotherapy. In this study, we successfully enriched and expanded γδ-T-cells up to ~78% from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with mostly the Vγ9Vδ2-T-cell subtype in the circulation. We showed that expanded γδ-T-cells alone exerted significant cytotoxic activities towards specific epithelial-type OVCAR3 and HTB75 cells, whereas the combination of γδ-T cells and pamidronate (PAM), a kind of aminobisphosphonates (NBPs), showed significantly enhanced cytotoxic activities towards all types of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, in tumor xenografts of immunodeficient NSG mice, γδ-T-cells not only suppressed tumor growth but also completely eradicated preexisting tumors with an initial size of ~5 mm. Thus, we concluded that γδ-T-cells alone possess dramatic cytotoxic activities towards epithelial ovarian cancers both in vitro and in vivo. These results strongly support the potential of clinical immunotherapeutic application of γδ-T-cells to treat this serious female malignancy.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Gag-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Rectal Mucosa and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells during Chronic HIV Type 1 Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 5460-5471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. William Critchfield ◽  
Donna Lemongello ◽  
Digna H. Walker ◽  
Juan C. Garcia ◽  
David M. Asmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rectal Mucosa ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The intestinal tract is a lymphocyte-rich site that undergoes severe depletion of memory CD4+ T cells within days of simian immunodeficiency virus or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. An ensuing influx of virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which persist throughout the chronic phase of infection, has also been documented in the gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known of the functionality of these effector cells or their relationship to the disease course. In this study, we measured CD8+ T-cell responses to HIV-1 peptides in paired rectal and blood samples from chronically infected patients. In both blood and rectum, there was an immunodominant CD8+ T-cell response to HIV Gag compared to Pol and Env (P < 0.01). In contrast, cytomegalovirus pp65 peptides elicited gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion strongly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but weakly in rectal CD8+ T cells (P = 0.015). Upon stimulation with HIV peptides, CD8+ T cells from both sites were capable of mounting complex responses including degranulation (CD107 expression) and IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. In rectal tissue, CD107 release was frequently coupled with production of IFN-γ or TNF-α. In patients not on antiretroviral therapy, the magnitude of Gag-specific responses, as a percentage of CD8+ T cells, was greater in the rectal mucosa than in PBMC (P = 0.054); however, the breakdown of responding cells into specific functional categories was similar in both sites. These findings demonstrate that rectal CD8+ T cells are capable of robust and varied HIV-1-specific responses and therefore likely play an active role in eliminating infected cells during chronic infection.

scholarly journals Early Pregnancy Human Decidua Gamma/Delta T Cells Exhibit the Tissue Resident and Specific Functional characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Ting Feng ◽  
Yong Cheng Ma ◽  
Hao Tie Wang ◽  
Qin Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Research Attention

Abstract Background: A successful pregnancy is a complicated process that builds upon two aspects of the maternal immune system that needs to be balanced. As one of the dominant groups of cells at the maternal fetal interface, the decidual γδ T cells have attracted great research attention in normal pregnancy or miscarriage. However, the role of γδ T cells in fetal growth still remains poorly studied. Results: In this study, we identified γδ T cells were enriched and resident in decidua during early pregnancy, and early decidual γδ T cells were involved in the secretion of growth factors, including growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). Decrease of these growth factors could impaire fetal development, resulting in fetal growth restriction. We also observed that the early decidual γδ T cells exhibited stronger cytokine secretion characteristic, but its cytotoxicity against A549 cells was weaker, when compared with the γδ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, the functional abilities of early decidual γδ T cells in promoting trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation were also significantly stronger than those in γδ T cells of PBMCs. Conclusions: These findings highlighted the importance of γδ T cells in fetal growth and maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy, which is different from γδ T cells in PBMCs, and encouraged further research in this field.

scholarly journals The Flavonoid Quercetin Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha) Gene Expression in Normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells via Modulation of the NF-κβ System

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavan P. Nair ◽  
Supriya Mahajan ◽  
Jessica L. Reynolds ◽  
Ravikumar Aalinkeel ◽  
Harikrishnan Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT The flavonoids comprise a large class of low-molecular-weight plant metabolites ubiquitously distributed in food plants. These dietary antioxidants exert significant antitumor, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular mechanisms of their biological effects remain to be clearly understood. We investigated the anti-inflammatory potentials of a safe, common dietary flavonoid component, quercetin, for its ability to modulate the production and gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our results showed that quercetin significantly inhibited TNF-α production and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide direct evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin by PBMC, which are mediated by the inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α via modulation of NF-κβ1 and Iκβ.

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