scholarly journals Maximization of Livestock Anthrax Vaccination Coverage in Bangladesh: An Alternative Approach

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
M. Shahjahan A. Sarker ◽  
Mohamed E. El Zowalaty ◽  
M. Ahosanul Haque Shahid ◽  
M. Asaduzzaman Sarker ◽  
M. Bahanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Livestock Census

Low vaccination coverage of livestock is one of the major challenges to control anthrax in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to assess an alternate approach to maximize vaccination coverage. The method included traditional vaccination campaigns, livestock census, interviews, focus group discussions of cattle farmers, vaccination and livestock personnel, and validation workshops. It was observed that a mass vaccination program covered only 44% of the cattle population. It was found that 54.1% of the respondents did not bring their cattle to mass vaccination programs due to the difficulties of handling cattle and that there was no male member in the household. Only 12.5% of respondents acknowledged that they were not aware of the vaccine, and 3% of the respondents claimed that they ignored vaccination due to cost. All of the respondents from livestock personnel agreed that manpower was not enough to cover the total area. Further, 20% of vaccinators mentioned that they did not get enough vaccines. For an effective vaccination program, 58.33% of respondents recommended door-to-door service, and 54.16% of respondents suggested to arrange regular vaccination campaigns in six-month intervals. Thus, regular campaigns with door-to-door vaccination services are suggested to control anthrax outbreaks in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal dynamics of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in India, 2008-2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanga Gunasekera ◽  
Jitendra Biswal ◽  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Saravanan Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Impact

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of serotypes O, A and Asia 1 is frequent. In the past two decades, many of the most widespread and significant FMD lineages globally have emerged from the South Asia region. Here, we provide an epidemiological assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks and to assess the impact of the mass vaccination program between 2008 to 2016 with available antibody titer data from the vaccination monitoring program, alongside other risk factors that facilitate FMD spread in the country. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of epidemiological outcomes of governmental vaccination programs in India, focusing on antibody titer data from >1 million animals sampled as part of pre- and post-vaccination monitoring and estimates of standardized incidence ratios calculated from reported outbreaks per state/administrative unit. The percent of animals with inferred immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across states, but there was a general increase in the overall percent of animals with inferred protection through time. In addition, the number of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of animals with inferred protection. Because standardized incidence ratios of outbreaks were heterogeneously distributed over the course of eight years, we analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks using a Bayesian space-time model to map high-risk areas. This model demonstrated a ~50% reduction in the relative risk of outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program. In addition, states that did not have an international border experienced reduced risk of FMD outbreaks. These findings help inform risk-based control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing reported clinical disease.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Farmers Participation in the Vaccination Program against Anthrax in Bogor District, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Chaerul Basri ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
S Dwidzuriputra
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Bogor District is one of the endemic areas of anthrax cases in Indonesia. The mass vaccination campaign on livestock including goats and sheep needs to be done to prevent the spread of the disease. The willingness of farmers to participate is the main key to the success of this vaccination campaign. This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the willingness of goat and sheep farmers to participate in vaccination programs against anthrax in their farms. A total of 60 goat and sheep farmers were randomly selected from 3 villages located in the region with the highest incidence of cases in Babakan Madang Subdistrict. Data was collected through direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Analysis to determine risk factors was carried out by chi square test and continued by calculating the value of relative risk (RR) to measure the magnitude of the influence of these factors. The results showed that the factors that influenced the farmers to be willing to participate in the anthrax vaccination program were history that had been directly counseled with RR values 2,844 (95% CI = 1,547-5,288) and history of having constrained to vaccinate their livestock with RR values 1,960 (95% CI = 1,203 - 3,193). Based on these findings it is recommended to increase farmer participation in mass vaccination programs against anthrax can be done through increasing communication, information and education activities and minimizing constraints for farmers to vaccinate their livestock.

scholarly journals Level and Factors Associated with the Satisfaction of Teaching Staff with the COVID-19 Vaccination Program.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natividad Algado-Selles ◽  
Pablo Chico-Sánchez ◽  
Paula Gras-Valentí ◽  
Natali Juliet Jiménez-Sepúlveda ◽  
Isel Lilibeth Gómez-Sotero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of COVID-19 triggered an unparalleled effort towards the development of a vaccine given that vaccination is currently the most important strategy available for controlling the pandemic. Achieving high levels of vaccination coverage is key to this approach, and requires knowledge of user satisfaction levels. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the levels of satisfaction with the COVID-19 vaccination program among vaccinated school workers.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study which included the staff from educational centres invited for vaccination over 4 days at the Hospital General University Hospital of Alicante. The survey included sociodemographic variables, 13 questions on satisfaction with the vaccination program, and one open question for further suggestions. Satisfaction was calculated globally for each question and specifically by employing Student t-tests; the association between each variable and a high level of satisfaction was analysed with Chi-squared tests. Results Of 9,869 professionals invited, 9,261 attended the appointment; 5,756 were offered the possibility of participating in this survey and 2,989 (51.9%) accepted. The highest overall scores were assigned to the treatment patients received at the ‘registration point’ and the care they received from nurses during the vaccination. The aspect for which the lowest levels of satisfaction were registered was for the information received prior to vaccination. Sex and place of work were significantly associated with a high degree of satisfaction.Conclusions Understanding people’s perception of vaccination programs is essential to implementing improvements and to increase vaccination coverage. The level of satisfaction among school personnel was remarkably high, especially in relation to the treatment and attention they received at different points during the vaccination care circuit.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KELOMPOK TERNAK KARYA UNGGUL MELALUI KELAS BELAJAR PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekti Nur Utami ◽  
Deha Purwoko
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Population ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
Planning Study ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Livestock Raising ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
The Village

<p>Norm in Sub district Sekar which requires each family maintain a minimum of one cow bringing the total number of cattle population in Sub District Sekar many as 7.676 cows. Livestock raising cattle in Karya Unggul Livest ock Group is carried out jointly with the colony cages as many as 54 cows. A cow can emit feces weighing 25 kg / day (Sihombing, 2000 in Alex S, Without the Year). It should therefore be able to produce compost herd weighing 1.350 kg / day. But the manure waste has not been used and simply discarded. Therefore, to improve the ability of farmers to do the class learned about composting. The purpose of this research was to determine the increase in the capabilities of Karya Unggul Livestock Group in composting through classroom learning. The method used is qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection is done by observation, interviews, focus group discussions, documentation. The research location determined by purposive, namely in group Livestock Karya Unggul In the village Sekar Sub District Sekar District Bojonegoro. The sample used in the census, cosnist of 60 responden. The results showed that increasing the capabilities of livestock group as classroom learning starts from: 1) Planning Study, 2) Implementation of Learning, and 3) Evaluation of Learning. Their classroom learning about composting expected farmers can apply compost processing technology that has been studied and used as a basic fertilizer plant.</p><p><em>                                                                                                             </em></p><p> </p><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Is Co-Management Still Feasible to Advance the Sustainability of Small-Scale African Inland Fisheries? Assessing Stakeholders’ Perspectives in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13986
Author(s):  
Sydney Kapembwa ◽  
Jόn G. Pétursson ◽  
Alan J. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Governance Strategies

Co-management has been promoted as an alternative approach to the governance of small-scale inland fisheries resources and has been implemented in many African countries. It has, however, not proven to be a simple solution to improve their governance; hence, most African inland fisheries are still experiencing unsustainable overexploitation of their resources. As such, there is a need for reassessing the application of governance strategies for co-management that should strive to strengthen the participation of stakeholders, primarily the local fishers, as they are fundamental in the governance of fisheries resources. Therefore, this study set out to explore the prospects of a co-management governance approach at a Lake Itezhi-Tezhi small-scale fishery in Zambia. Focus group discussions with fishers and semi-structured interviews with other stakeholders were used to collect data. This study revealed that the stakeholders perceive co-management as a feasible approach to governance of the Lake Itezhi-Tezhi fishery. However, the feasibility of the co-management arrangement would be dependent mostly on the stakeholders’ ability to address most of the ‘key conditions’ criteria highlighted in the study. This study also identified the need to establish a fisheries policy to provide guidelines for the co-management, coming with decentralisation of power and authority to the local fishers.

scholarly journals The impact of reactive mass vaccination campaigns on measles outbreaks in the Katanga region, Democratic Republic of Congo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Funk ◽  
Saki Takahashi ◽  
Joel Hellewell ◽  
Kartini Gadroen ◽  
Isidro Carrion-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Katanga region in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been struck by repeated epidemics of measles, with large outbreaks occurring in 2010–13 and 2015. In many of the affected health zones, reactive mass vaccination campaigns were conducted in response to the outbreaks. Here, we attempted to determine how effective the vaccination campaigns in 2015 were in curtailing the ongoing outbreak. We further sought to establish whether the risk of large measles outbreaks in different health zones could have been determined in advance to help prioritise areas for vaccination campaign and speed up the response. In doing so, we first attempted to identify factors that could have been used in 2015 to predict in which health zones the greatest outbreaks would occur. Administrative vaccination coverage was not a good predictor of the size of outbreaks in different health zones. Vaccination coverage derived from surveys, on the other hand, appeared to give more reliable estimates of health zones of low vaccination coverage and, consequently, large outbreaks. On a coarser geographical scale, the provinces most affected in 2015 could be predicted from the outbreak sizes in 2010–13. This, combined with the fact that the vast majority of reported cases were in under-5 year olds, would suggest that there are systematic issues of undervaccination. If this was to continue, outbreaks would be expected to continue to occur in the affected health zones at regular intervals, mostly concentrated in under-5 year olds. We further used a model of measles transmission to estimate the impact of the vaccination campaigns, by first fitting a model to the data including the campaigns and then re-running this without vaccination. We estimated the reactive campaigns to have reduced the size of the overall outbreak by approximately 21,000 (IQR: 16,000–27,000; 95% CI: 8300–38,000) cases. There was considerable heterogeneity in the impact of campaigns, with campaigns started earlier after the start of an outbreak being more impactful. Taken together, these findings suggest that while a strong routine vaccination regime remains the most effective means of measles control, it might be possible to improve the effectiveness of reactive campaigns by considering predictive factors to trigger a more targeted vaccination response.

scholarly journals Vaccination coverage and the factors influencing routine childhood vaccination uptake among communities experiencing disadvantage in Vellore, southern India: a mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rohit Francis ◽  
J. Pekka Nuorti ◽  
Kirsi Lumme-Sandt ◽  
Rajeev Zachariah Kompithra ◽  
Vinohar Balraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background In 2015, the Vellore district in southern India was selected for intensified routine immunization, targeting children from communities experiencing disadvantage such as migrant, tribal, and other hard-to-reach groups. This mixed-methods study was conducted to assess routine immunization coverage and the factors influencing childhood vaccination uptake among these communities in Vellore. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional household survey (n = 100) and six focus group discussions (n = 43) among parents of children aged 12–23 months from the known communities experiencing disadvantage in Vellore during 2017 and 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine associations between the parental characteristics and children’s vaccination status in the household survey data; the qualitative discussions were analyzed by using the (previously published) “5As” taxonomy for the determinants of vaccine uptake. Results In the household survey, the proportions of fully vaccinated children were 65% (95% CI: 53–76%) and 77% (95% CI: 58–88%) based on information from vaccination cards or parental recall and vaccination cards alone, respectively. Children whose mothers were wage earners [Adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR): 0.21, 95% CI = 0.07–0.64], or salaried/small business owners [aPOR: 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04–0.73] were less likely to be fully vaccinated than children who had homemakers mothers. In the focus group discussions, parents identified difficulties in accessing routine immunization when travelling for work and showed knowledge gaps regarding the benefits and risks of vaccination, and fears surrounding certain vaccines due to negative news reports and common side-effects following childhood vaccination. Conclusions Vaccination coverage among children from the surveyed communities in Vellore was suboptimal. Our findings suggest the need to target children from Narikuravar families and conduct periodic community-based health education campaigns to improve parental awareness about and trust in childhood vaccines among the communities experiencing disadvantage in Vellore.

scholarly journals Estimating the effectiveness of vaccine programs in dog populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Wallace ◽  
E.A. Undurraga ◽  
A. Gibson ◽  
J. Boone ◽  
E.G. Pieracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Abstract Dogs harbor numerous zoonotic pathogens, many of which are controlled through vaccination programs. The delivery of these programs can be difficult where resources are limited. We developed a dynamic model to estimate vaccination coverage and cost-per-dog vaccinated. The model considers the main factors that affect vaccination programs: dog demographics, effectiveness of strategies, efficacy of interventions and cost. The model was evaluated on data from 18 vaccination programs representing eight countries. Sensitivity analysis was performed for dog confinement and vaccination strategies. The average difference between modelled vaccination coverage and field data was 3.8% (2.3%–5.3%). Central point vaccination was the most cost-effective vaccination strategy when >88% of the dog population was confined. More active methods of vaccination, such as door-to-door or capture-vaccinate-release, achieved higher vaccination coverage in free-roaming dog populations but were more costly. This open-access tool can aid in planning more efficient vaccination campaigns in countries with limited resources.

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