scholarly journals Comparative Immunological Study in Mice of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Used in the Russian Immunization Program

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Andrei Shanko ◽  
Marina Shuklina ◽  
Anna Kovaleva ◽  
Yana Zabrodskaya ◽  
Inna Vidyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Virus Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Subclass

A series of commercial inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) used in the Russian National Immunization Program were characterized to evaluate their protective properties on an animal model. Standard methods for quantifying immune response, such as hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay and virus neutralization (VN) assay, allowed us to distinguish the immunogenic effect of various IIVs from that of placebo. However, these standard approaches are not suitable to determine the role of various vaccine components in immune response maturation. The expanded methodological base including an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neuraminidase ELISA (NA-ELISA) helped us to get wider characteristics and identify the effectiveness of various commercial vaccines depending on the antigen content. Investigations conducted showed that among the IIVs tested, Ultrix®, Ultrix® Quadri and VAXIGRIP® elicit the most balanced immune response, including a good NA response. For Ultrix®, Ultrix® Quadri, and SOVIGRIPP® (FORT LLC), the whole-virus specific antibody subclass IgG1, measured in ELISA, seriously prevailed over IgG2a, while, for VAXIGRIP® and SOVIGRIPP® (NPO Microgen JSC) preparations, the calculated IgG1/IgG2a ratio was close to 1. So, the immune response varied drastically across different commercial IIVs injected in mice.

scholarly journals Role of CXCR3 in the Immune Response to Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (14) ◽  
pp. 9351-9355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Joo Lee ◽  
Francesca Giannoni ◽  
Ashley Lyon ◽  
Shinichiro Yada ◽  
Bao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Murine Gammaherpesvirus ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Virus Specific Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Gammaherpesvirus 68 ◽  
Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68

ABSTRACT The chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10) and its cellular receptor CXCR3 are upregulated in the lung during murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) infection. In order to determine the role of the CXCR3 chemokine receptor in the immune response to MHV-68, CXCR3−/− mice were infected with the virus. CXCR3−/− mice showed delayed clearance of replicating MHV-68 from the lungs. This correlated with delayed T-cell recruitment to the lungs and reduced cytolytic activity prior to viral clearance. Splenomegaly and the numbers of latently infected cells per spleen were transiently increased. Ηowever, CXCR3−/− mice showed normal virus-specific antibody titers and effective long-term control of MHV-68 infection.

scholarly journals PARENT'S KNOWLEDGE REGARDING INFLUENZA DISEASE AND VACCINE IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Dwi Endarti ◽  
Viva Starlista ◽  
Tri Murti Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Significant Difference

Influenza vaccine is a vaccine that is not included in the national immunization program. An approach to support decision making for the introduction of influenza vaccine into national immunization programs by conducting a survey knowledge of parents in Indonesia that influences decision making for vaccinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of parental knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines and to know the factors that influence. The research design used is observasional with a multi-center cross-sectional approach. The research instrument used a questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics and level of knowledge. Data was collected through a survey of 500 parents respondents in 5 provinces in Indonesia, namely in West Java, DIY, Lampung, Central Sulawesi and Central Kalimantan using convenience sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. Resul of the study showed the average knowledge of respondents related to influenza disease and vaccine was 78.55±12.43. Only 145 (29%) parents know that influenza vaccines are not included in Indonesia's national immunization program. There was a significant difference in the value of knowledge between groups of characteristics in the experience of hearing influenza vaccine (p = 0,000) and the source of disease information (p = 0.045). It is recommended for government and health workers to carry out educational programs related to influenza and influenza vaccines to achieve equitable distribution of information and increase public knowledge.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of clinical-paraclinical manifestations of rotavirus infection versus genotypical variety in infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Ala DONOS ◽  
Tatiana ALSALIEM ◽  
Constantin SPINU ◽  
Ninel REVENCO ◽  
Valentin TUREA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. RVI (rotavirus infection) is the most common cause of dehydration in infants and young children. The implementation of the sentinel surveillance of RVI in infants from 2008 in the Republic of Moldova demonstrated the high rate of this infection (40.0%), being an argument in recommending the antirotaviral immunization in children within the National Immunization Program. Material and methods. The study enrolled 193 children with acute diarrheal disease, included in the sentinel supervision (2012-2016) and treated in the Unit for Acute Diarrheal Diseases at Children’s Clinical Hospital no. 1. The biological material was examined by serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and genotyping, revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The rotavirus infection was confirmed in 193 infants, of which 121 children were not vaccinated against RVI, and 72 were immunized. Depending on the genotypes encountered before and after vaccination, it was found that G9P [8], G3P[8], G4P[8] were detected before vaccination, although postvaccine prevailed G2P[4], G4P[8]. In addition, the incidence of RVI is decreasing and the disease evolution is much better. Conclusions. This article reflects the evolution of the genotypic properties of rotaviruses and the clinical-paraclinical particularities of RVI in infants, highlighting the importance of the implementation of antiretroviral immunization in children within the National Immunization Program in the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals Characterization of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Used in the Russian National Immunization Program

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Tarasov ◽  
Andrei Shanko ◽  
Larisa Kordyukova ◽  
Anton Katlinski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization

Background: today’s standard quality control methods used to control the protein composition of inactivated influenza vaccines only take into account a few key reference components. They do not allow for thorough characterization of protein compositions. As a result, observation of unpredictable variations in major viral constituents and admixtures of cellular proteins within manufactured vaccines that may seriously influence the immunogenicity and safety of such vaccines has become a pressing issue in vaccinology. This study aims at testing a more sophisticated approach for analysis of inactivated split influenza vaccines licensed in the Russian Federation. The formulations under study are the most available on the market and are included in the Russian National Immunization Program. Methods: liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, in combination with label-free protein quantitation via the intensity-based absolute-quantitation (iBAQ) algorithm, as well as a number of standard molecular analysis methods, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and negative-stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied. Results: the methods implemented were able to identify dozens of viral and host proteins and quantify their relative amounts within the final formulations of different commercially available inactivated split influenza vaccines. Investigation of molecular morphology of the vaccine preparations using TEM revealed typical rosettes of major surface proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase). DLS was used to demonstrate a size distribution of the rosettes and to test the stability of vaccine preparations at increased temperatures. Conclusions: a holistic approach based on modern, highly productive analytical procedures was for the first time applied for a series of different commercially available inactivated split influenza vaccines licensed in Russia. The protocols probed may be suggested for the post-marketing quality control of vaccines. Comparison of different preparations revealed that the Ultrix® and Ultrix® Quadri vaccines produced by pharmaceutical plant FORT LLC and trivalent vaccine Vaxigrip® produced by pharmaceutical company Sanofi Pasteur have well-organized antigen rosettes, they contain fewer admixture quantities of host cell proteins, and demonstrate good correlation among mostly abundant viral proteins detected by different methods.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Practical consensus recommendations - Current role of immune response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria in the management of cancer patients receiving immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Purvish M. Parikh ◽  
T. P. Sahoo ◽  
Randeep Singh ◽  
Bahl Ankur ◽  
Talvar Vineet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Response Evaluation ◽  
Consensus Recommendation ◽  
Current Role ◽  
New Class ◽  
Response Evaluation Criteria

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) are a method used to evaluate and document the response to cancer treatment in solid tumors. The availability of a new class of immuneoncology drugs has resulted in the need to modify RECIST criteria methodology. The first leadership immuno-oncology network (LION) master course brought together experts in oncology and immuno-oncology. Six questions were put to the experts and their opinion, supporting evidence, and experience were discussed to arrive at a practical consensus recommendation. n this nascent field, the availability of a practical consensus recommendation developed by experts in the field is of immense value to the community oncologist and other health-care consultants.

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