scholarly journals Comparative Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine with Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Mina Psichogiou ◽  
Andreas Karabinis ◽  
Garyphallia Poulakou ◽  
Anastasia Antoniadou ◽  
Anastasia Kotanidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Clinical Heterogeneity ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
High Immunogenicity ◽  
Post Onset

BNT162b2 has proven to be highly effective, but there is a paucity of data regarding immunogenicity factors and comparison between response to vaccination and natural infection. This study included 871 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCW) and 181 patients with natural infection. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 against the RBD domain of the spike protein (anti-RBD). Samples were collected 1–2 weeks after vaccination or 15–59 days post-onset of symptoms. Post-vaccine anti-RBD concentrations were associated with age, gender, vaccination side-effects (VSE) and prior infection (Pr-CoV). Anti-RBD median levels (95%CI) were lower by 2466 (651–5583), 6228 (3254–9203) and 7651 (4479–10,823) AU/mL in 35–44, 45–54, 55–70 yrs, respectively, compared with the 18–34 yrs group. In females, the median levels were higher by 2823 (859–4787), 5024 (3122–6926) in individuals with VSE, and 9971 (5158–14,783) AU/mL in HCWs with Pr-CoV. The ratio of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals versus those with natural infection varied from 1.0 to 19.4. The high immunogenicity of BNT162b2 is verified, although its sustainability has yet to be elucidated. The use of comparative data from natural infection serological panels, expressing the clinical heterogeneity of natural infection, may facilitate early decisions for candidate vaccines to be evaluated in clinical trials.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF BNT162b2 mRNA VACCINE WITH NATURAL COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Psichogiou ◽  
Andreas Karabinis ◽  
Garyphallia Poulakou ◽  
Anastasia Antoniadou ◽  
Anastasia Kotanidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
High Immunogenicity ◽  
Clinical Subgroup

The mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 has proven highly effective and currently many millions are being vaccinated. There are limited and conflicting data from immunogenicity studies on the effects of age, gender, vaccination side effects (VSE), risk factors for severe COVID-19 (RFS-COV), obesity (BMI) and previous SARS-CoV-2 (Pr-CoV) Moreover, immunogenicity data from COVID-19 patients comparing various disease categories of natural infection i.e. asymptomatic vs mild vs moderate vs severe infection are sparse, and include limited number of individuals. This study included 871 vaccinated health care workers (HCW) and 181 patients with natural infection. Immunogenicity was assessed by a quantative assay measuring anti-SARS-CoV-2 against the RBD domain of the spike protein (anti-RBD) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 against nucleocapsid protein (anti-N). Samples were collected 1-2 weeks after completion of the 2nd dose in the vaccinated HCWs and 15-59 days post symptoms onset in patients with natural infection. The concentration of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals after multivariable analysis was significantly associated with age, gender, VSE and Pr-CoV. Specifically, anti-RBD median levels (95% CI) were lower by 2,466 (651-5,583), 6,228 (3,254-9,203) and 7,651 (4,479-10,823) AU/ml in 35-44, 45-54, 55-70 yrs respectively, compared with 18-34 yrs group. In females, median levels of anti-RBD were higher by 2,823 (859-4,787) compared with males, in individuals with VSE were higher by 5,024 (3,122-6,926) compared with no VSE, and in HCWs with Pr-CoV were higher by 9,971 (5,158-14,783) AU/ml compared with HCWs without Pr-CoV. Among individuals with natural infection, the median anti-RBD levels were 14.8 times higher in patients with critical COVID-19 infection compared with non-hospitalized individuals. The ratio of anti-RBD in vaccinated individuals versus those with natural infection varied from 1.0 up to 19.4 according to the clinical subgroup of natural infection. This study proves the high immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccine although its sustainability remains to be seen. The use of comparative data from natural infection serological panels, expressing the clinical heterogeneity of natural infection may facilitate early decisions for vaccine evaluation in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhances antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
pp. eabj0847
Author(s):  
Richard A Urbanowicz ◽  
Theocharis Tsoleridis ◽  
Hannah J Jackson ◽  
Lola Cusin ◽  
Joshua D Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Antigenic Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prior Infection

Understanding the impact of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the response to vaccination is a priority for responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, it is necessary to understand how prior infection plus vaccination can modulate immune responses against variants of concern. To address this, we sampled 20 individuals with and 25 individuals without confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from a large cohort of healthcare workers followed serologically since April 2020. All 45 individuals had received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BTN162b2 vaccine with a delayed booster at 10 weeks. Absolute and neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants were measured using enzyme immunoassays and pseudotype neutralization assays. We observed antibody reactivity against lineage A, B.1.351 and P.1 variants with increasing antigenic exposure, either through vaccination or natural infection. This improvement was further confirmed in neutralization assays using fixed dilutions of serum samples. The impact of antigenic exposure was more evident in enzyme immunoassays measuring SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG antibody concentrations. Our data show that multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the context of a delayed booster expand the neutralizing breadth of the antibody response to neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants. This suggests that additional vaccine boosts may be beneficial in improving immune responses against future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

scholarly journals Impact of age, ethnicity, sex and prior infection status on immunogenicity following a single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: real-world evidence from healthcare workers, Israel, December 2020 to January 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Abu Jabal ◽  
Hila Ben-Amram ◽  
Karine Beiruti ◽  
Yunis Batheesh ◽  
Christian Sussan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Prior Infection

The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine showed high efficacy in clinical trials but observational data from populations not included in trials are needed. We describe immunogenicity 21 days post-dose 1 among 514 Israeli healthcare workers by age, ethnicity, sex and prior COVID-19 infection. Immunogenicity was similar by ethnicity and sex but decreased with age. Those with prior infection had antibody titres one magnitude order higher than naïve individuals regardless of the presence of detectable IgG antibodies pre-vaccination.

scholarly journals Serological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: trends and humoral response in a cohort of public health workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross J Harris ◽  
Heather J Whitaker ◽  
Nick J Andrews ◽  
Felicity Aiano ◽  
Zahin Amin-Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable debate about the rate of antibody waning after SARS-CoV-2 infection, raising questions around long-term immunity following both natural infection and vaccination. We undertook prospective serosurveillance in a large cohort of healthy adults from the start of the epidemic in England.MethodsThe serosurveillance cohort included office and laboratory-based staff and healthcare workers in 4 sites in England, who were tested monthly for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein IgG between 23rd March and 20th August 2020. Antibody levels from 21 days after a positive test were modelled using mixed effects regression models.FindingsIn total, 2247 individuals were recruited and 2014 (90%) had 3-5 monthly antibody tests. Overall, 272 (12.1%) of individuals had at least one positive/equivocal spike protein IgG result, with the highest proportion in a hospital site (22%), 14% in London and 2.1% in a rural area. Results were similar for nucleoprotein IgG. Following a positive result, 39/587 (6.6%) tested negative for nucleoprotein IgG and 52/515 (10.1%) for spike protein IgG. Nucleoprotein IgG declined by 6.4% per week (95% CI, 5.5-7.4%; half-life, 75 [95% CI, 66-89] days) and spike protein IgG by 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1-6.6%; half-life, 83 [95% CI, 73-96] days).ConclusionsOver the study period SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 8-10% overall and up to 21% in clinical healthcare workers. In seropositive individuals, nucleoprotein and spike protein IgG antibodies declined with time after infection and 50% are predicted to fall below the positive test threshold after 6 months.FundingPHE

scholarly journals Incidence of COVID-19 reinfection among Midwestern healthcare employees

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262164
Author(s):  
Anne Rivelli ◽  
Veronica Fitzpatrick ◽  
Christopher Blair ◽  
Kenneth Copeland ◽  
Jon Richards
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Frequent Exposure ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Healthcare Employees

Given the overwhelming worldwide rate of infection and the disappointing pace of vaccination, addressing reinfection is critical. Understanding reinfection, including longevity after natural infection, will allow us to better know the prospect of herd immunity, which hinges on the assumption that natural infection generates sufficient, protective immunity. The primary objective of this observational cohort study is to establish the incidence of reinfection of COVID-19 among healthcare employees who experienced a prior COVID-19 infection over a 10-month period. Of 2,625 participants who experienced at least one COVID-19 infection during the 10-month study period, 156 (5.94%) experienced reinfection and 540 (20.57%) experienced recurrence after prior infection. Median days were 126.50 (105.50–171.00) to reinfection and 31.50 (10.00–72.00) to recurrence. Incidence rate of COVID-19 reinfection was 0.35 cases per 1,000 person-days, with participants working in COVID-clinical and clinical units experiencing 3.77 and 3.57 times, respectively, greater risk of reinfection relative to those working in non-clinical units. Incidence rate of COVID-19 recurrence was 1.47 cases per 1,000 person-days. This study supports the consensus that COVID-19 reinfection, defined as subsequent infection ≥ 90 days after prior infection, is rare, even among a sample of healthcare workers with frequent exposure.

scholarly journals Impact of age, gender, ethnicity and prior disease status on immunogenicity following administration of a single dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine: real-world evidence from Israeli healthcare workers, December-January 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Abu Jabal ◽  
Hila Ben-Amram ◽  
Karine Beiruti ◽  
Yunis Batheesh ◽  
Christian Sussan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Prior Infection

AbstractThe Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine showed high efficacy in clinical trials but observational data from populations not included in trials are needed. We described immunogenicity 21 days post-dose 1 among 514 Israeli healthcare workers by age, gender, ethnicity and prior COVID19 infection. Immunogenicity was similar by gender and ethnicity but decreased with age. Those with prior infection had antibody titres one magnitude order higher than naïve individuals regardless of the presence of detectable IgG antibodies pre-vaccination.

Sitagliptin: a potential drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaa Bardaweel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Sequence Identity

Recently, an outbreak of fatal coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has emerged from China and is rapidly spreading worldwide. As the coronavirus pandemic rages, drug discovery and development become even more challenging. Drug repurposing of the antimalarial drug chloroquine and its hydroxylated form had demonstrated apparent effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical trials. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shares 31.9% sequence identity with the spike protein presents in the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV), which infects cells through the interaction of its spike protein with the DPP4 receptor found on macrophages. Sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, that is known for its antidiabetic, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and beneficial cardiometabolic effects has been shown to reverse macrophage responses in MERS-CoV infection and reduce CXCL10 chemokine production in AIDS patients. We suggest that Sitagliptin may be beneficial alternative for the treatment of COVID-19 disease especially in diabetic patients and patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions who are already at higher risk of COVID-19 infection.

The Use of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Letendre ◽  
Douglas J. DeJong ◽  
Donald R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Refractory Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Folic Acid Antagonist ◽  
Acid Antagonist

The use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is sometimes employed in an attempt to symptomatically control patients whose disease does not respond adequately to conventional therapies. Systemic administration of 7.5–15 mg/wk in a “pulse” fashion appears to be effective without precipitating severe adverse effects. However, concern over potentially serious side effects and a lack of well-controlled clinical trials have limited its use to severe, refractory disease. Further studies are needed before its role in rheumatoid arthritis can justifiably be expanded.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
José Javier Morales-Núñez ◽  
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle ◽  
Carlos Meza-López ◽  
Lin-Fa Wang ◽  
Andrea Carolina Machado Sulbarán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Expected Result ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
The Usa

The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).

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