scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production in Uganda—An Integrated Systems Assessment with Water and Energy Implications

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Sridharan ◽  
Eunice Pereira Ramos ◽  
Eduardo Zepeda ◽  
Brent Boehlert ◽  
Abhishek Shivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Base Scenario ◽  
Climatic Impacts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

With less than 3% of agricultural cropland under irrigation, subsistence farmers in Uganda are dependent on seasonal precipitation for crop production. The majority of crops grown in the country—especially staple food crops like Matooke (Plantains)—are sensitive to the availability of water throughout their growing period and hence vulnerable to climatic impacts. In response to these challenges, the Government has developed an ambitious irrigation master plan. However, the energy implications of implementing the plan have not been explored in detail. This article attempts to address three main issues involving the nexus between water, energy, crop production, and climate. The first one explores the impact of climate on rain-fed crop production. The second explores the irrigation crop water needs under selected climate scenarios. The third focuses on the energy implications of implementing the irrigation master plan. We attempt to answer the above questions using a water balance model for Uganda developed for this study. Our results, developed at a catchment level, indicate that on average there could be an 11% reduction and 8% increase in rain-fed crop production in the cumulatively driest and wettest climates, respectively. Furthermore, in the identified driest climate, the electricity required for pumping water is expected to increase by 12% on average compared to the base scenario.

scholarly journals Is Cut-Flower Industry Promotion by the Government Negatively Affecting Pollinator Biodiversity and Environmental/Human Health in Uganda?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Bin Mushambanyi Théodore Munyuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted from 2010 to 2012 around the flower growing areas in central Uganda to generate baseline information on the status of pollinators. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire that aimed at determining farmers and flower farm officials’ perceptions on the impact of activities carried out inside greenhouses on pollinators, human health, and on crop production in the surroundings. Results indicated that the quantity of pesticides and fertilizers applied daily varied among the different flower farms visited. Bee species richness and abundance varied significantly (P<0.01) according to flower farm location, to the landscape vegetation type, and to field types found in the surrounding of flower farms. Bee richness found around flower farms varied in number from 20 to 40 species in total across seasons and years. Bee density increased significantly with the increase in flower density. Small-scale farmers were aware of the value and importance of pollination services in their farming business. There was no clear evidence of a direct effect of agrochemicals application on bee communities living in the surrounding habitats. There is a need for further research to be conducted on human health risks and for toxicological studies on soils, plants, flowers, and bees in the farm landscape.

scholarly journals Tourism In Belize

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (267) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Chow
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Double Digit ◽  
Economic Well Being

Belize’s tourism sector has witnessed impressive growth in recent years with overnight tourist arrivals registering double digit annual growth rates since 2016. To guide the development of the tourism sector from 2012 to 2030, the government endorsed a National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan in 2011, setting various initiatives and targets for the immediate and medium terms. Using a panel regression analysis on twelve Caribbean countries, this paper finds that accelerating structural reforms, fortifying governance frameworks, reducing crime, and mitigating the impact of natural disasters will help sustain tourism growth in Belize and contribute to economic well-being. This is in addition to tackling infrastructure bottlenecks and mitigating concerns relating to the “shared economy”.

scholarly journals Impact and Variability of Meteorological Parameters on Rice Crop at Siddharthnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Surya Prakash Singh ◽  
S. R. Mishra ◽  
S. N. Singh ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
O. P. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Parameter ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Impact

The present study explores the impacts and variability of meteorological parameter on the rice yields at Siddharthnagar of Uttar Pradesh, India. This study that the maximum and minimum temperatures during the period 2011 to 2020 show increasing trends. Whereas the duration of sunlight increased in June and July. Whereas the rainfall data shows decreasing trends for the period August-September. Furthermore, this study suggests that there was a decrease in rainfall trends during the paddy growing period. A negative correlation was observed with rainfall, particularly during the duff stage, indicating that wetting during the flowering to maturity period may be decisive. This study suggests taking into account the variability of annual or seasonal temperatures and precipitation within the region. The warming trend and irregular precipitation over time may have a significant impact on paddy farming. As a result, plans must be developed to manage the impact of the current variability of meteorological parameters on the paddy yields in this district of Uttar Pradesh by developing appropriate alternatives for increasing paddy crop production.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Contribution of Rainwater Collection to Crop Production on Udo Island, Korea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Minseok Kang ◽  
Chulsang Yoo ◽  
Wooyoung Na
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Before And After

This study evaluated the contribution of small agricultural reservoirs (the mool-tongs) to crop production on Udo, and the role they play. Agricultural water demand and deficit, water storage in the mool-tongs, and the amount of irrigation water were analyzed by applying the water balance model. In particular, the Blaney-Criddle method was used to estimate the agricultural water for crop growth. In this study, four typical crops of garlic, spring onion, peanut, and barley were considered, whose growing seasons were somewhat different from each other. A total of 47 years (1973–2019) of rainfall, temperature, and evaporation data were used in this study. As a result, it was confirmed that the crop coefficient, growing period of a crop, share of the cultivated area, and the seasonal distribution of rainfall affect the role of the mool-tongs. Comparison of the frequencies of occurrence of agricultural water deficit and irrigation interval before and after introducing the mool-tongs also confirms their usefulness. After the introduction of the mool-tongs for irrigation, the frequency of occurrence of agricultural water deficits changed significantly, from almost 30% of the entire simulation period to less than 20%. Even though the water supply capacity of the mool-tongs on Udo is insufficient to offset the entire agricultural water deficit, the water stored in the mool-tongs was found to considerably aid the survival of the crops and increase crop production. The results in this study can help to determine the capacity of rainwater collecting systems, especially on a small island where the available water resources are limited.

An Impact of Innovations on Agricultural Production and Malong the Koshi-Highway of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Shyam Prasad Wagle
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

 The study assesses the impact of using new technologies on crop production and marketing of selected crops particularly in the case of the Eastern hills. It also evaluates the role of governmental and non-govrnmental organizations to improve agricultural production systems too. Relevant data have been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data draws from the interview, key informant survey and field observation. For this, 30 percent sample households were selected from three altitude belts (upper, middle and lower belts) ranging from 300 to 2,250 masl along the Koshi-highway. It has a wide range of climates, ranging from sub-tropical to alpine with monsoon precipitation in the summer for three and half months and therefore it has diversity in flora and fauna, and people. Similarly, secondary data havebeen gathered from various books, journals and official records. This paper presented that the crucial impact of acceptance of innovative methods in agriculture in the study area is a combined effort of both local people and government. The government together with the development agencies and non-government organizations has contributed to impart knowledge of the agriculture innovative methods in the local farmers and at the same time, the farmers were enthusiastic to learn and adopt those methods. As a result, one can easily see the remarkable changes in crop production due to the impact of new technologies.

Banning of herbicides and the impact on agriculture: the case of glyphosate in Sri Lanka

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Buddhi Marambe ◽  
Swarna Herath
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGlyphosate, a widely used preplant herbicide in annual and perennial crops, was introduced to Sri Lanka in 1977. Its use has expanded since 2008 with the phase-out and ban in 2014 of paraquat. In December 2014, glyphosate use in Sri Lanka was regionally restricted. Crop protection and production in the country was severely affected in 2016 and 2017 due to the irrational decisions of the government of Sri Lanka (GoSL). Increased crop production costs due to the absence of effective and economically viable weed control techniques, low crop yields, loss of foreign exchange, and enhanced use of smuggled glyphosate products are the consequences of the glyphosate ban. The ban was imposed without a scientific basis because of sociopolitical pressure. A series of dialogues with the GoSL helped rescind the ban in 2018 for a period of 36 mo, but its use is limited to tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz.] and rubber [Hevia brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.]. In August 2019, the Cabinet of Ministers of the GoSL also decided to allow use of glyphosate to devitalize propagules in the floriculture industry (export oriented) and destroy coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) trees infected by Weligama coconut leaf wilt disease and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) infected by white leaf disease. However, glyphosate products with the co-formulant polyethoxylated tallow amine are still not permitted in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals The Role of Potato Seed Cooperative on the Livelihood of Rural Households in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Wegayehu Bogale Fitawek ◽  
Belaineh Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural Cooperatives help their members to increase their yield and incomes by pooling their resource to support collective service provisions and economic empowerment. The objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidences of the impact of potato seed producing cooperatives on the livelihoods of rural households in the study area. The study has used cross-sectional data of year 2013. Primary data were collected from the sample of 172 households (82 from Haramaya and 90 from Kersa districts) from both members of cooperative and non-member. A propensity score matching method was used to evaluate the impact of potato seed producing cooperative on household income, expenditure and asset. The evaluation results revealed that member of potato seed production cooperative have got higher income from crop production, total annual income and asset holdings amounting to Birr 29 006, 33 901 and 47 768 respectively. Members also spent Birr 11 728 more than non-member households. This indicates membership to potato seed cooperative is found to have a positive and significant on livelihood indicators. Therefore, the government and other non-government organization like ISSD should provide more support to expand seed producing cooperative to improve the livelihood and food security statues of the rural households.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and management strategies on water and salt balance of the polders and islands in the Ganges delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
Fazlul Karim ◽  
Donald S. Gaydon ◽  
John M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Ganges Delta ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water And Salt Balance

AbstractEnhancing crop production, particularly by growing a crop in the typically-fallow dry season is a key strategy for alleviating poverty in the Ganges delta region. We used a polder water and salt balance model to examine the impact of several crop management, salt management and climate change scenarios on salinity and crop evapotranspiration at Dacope and Amtali in Bangladesh and Gosaba in India. A key (and unsurprising) finding is that salt management is very important, particularly at the two drier sites, Dacope and Gosaba. Good salt management lowers salinity in the shallow groundwater, soil and water storage ponds, and leads to more irrigation. Climate change is projected to alter rainfall, and this in turn leads to modelled increases or decreases in runoff from the polders, and thence affect salt concentrations in the soil and ponds and canals. Thus, the main impacts of climate change are through the indirect impacts on salt concentrations, rather than the direct impacts of the amount of water supplied as rainfall. Management practices to remove salt from polders are therefore likely to be effective in combatting the impacts of projected climate change particularly at Dacope and Gosaba.

scholarly journals Affordability Linked with Subsidy: Impact of Fertilizers Subsidy on Household Welfare in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhter Ali ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
The Impact

Historically, the government of Pakistan has been providing subsidy on fertilizers, and the most recent subsidy program started during 2015–2016. The current study aims to estimate the impact of the fertilizers subsidy program on fertilizers application and its impact on the crops yield and household income levels using a comprehensive cross-sectional dataset collected from 850 farmers from all four major provinces of Pakistan. The fertilizer subsidy program enabled 80% of the farmers to apply recommended doses of fertilizers, and also incentivized the farmers to bring more area under cultivation. The empirical analysis has been carried out by employing the propensity score matching approach (PSM), and results indicated that fertilizer subsidy has a positive impact on crops yield and household income levels. As a result of subsidy, the wheat yields are higher in the range of 65–71 kg per hectare while the rice yields are higher in the range of 34–43 kg per hectare. The household income levels are higher in the range of 5671 to 6549 rupees. The fertilizer subsidy on a sustainable basis can encourage the resource-poor farmers to apply recommended doses of fertilizers and thus increase crop production, thereby contributing to the improvement in their livelihood.

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