scholarly journals Agenda Setting in Water and IWRM: Discourse Analysis of Water Policy Debate in Pakistan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Kamran Ansari ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Daniyal Hassan ◽  
Altaf Siyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the water policy narrative in Pakistan, and identifies its historical trajectories and influences, as well as the impact of the global agenda setting of water for 2030. For this purpose, water sector reforms in Pakistan are examined as a case study. The National Water Policy (NWP) 2018 and Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) reforms are critically evaluated and loopholes identified, in terms of both theoretical aspects and constraints in their practical implementation. The overall analysis reveals that the engineering narrative is dominant in policy circles and large-scale infrastructure construction is seen as an exceptional measure to overcome the current loss of storage potential due to sedimentation. On the other hand, the adoption of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) framework reflects the desire of state institutions to imbue water policy reform with international credibility. The IWRM framework has been adopted as isomorphic mimicry to appease international financing institutions and donors. PIM reform is thus far from delivering the desired results due to ideological battles among new (i.e., the Participatory Farmers Institution) and traditional bureaucratic irrigation institutions. As adopted, the global agenda setting of water, in the shape of IWRM, is a repackaging of existing activities, and prevents alternative thinking in the setting of water priorities according to developmental needs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Main Cereal Crop Trade Impacts on Water and Land Security in Iraq

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam Hussein Ewaid ◽  
Salwan Ali Abed ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Resources Assessment

Growing populations, socio-economic development, the pollution of rivers, and the withdrawal of fresh water are all signs of increasing water scarcity, and with 85% of global use, agriculture is the biggest freshwater user. The water footprint (WF) and virtual water (VW) are concepts used recently for freshwater resources assessment. The WF reflects how much, when and where the water was used whereas VW reveals the volume of water embedded in goods when traded. The first goal of this research is to determine the WF per ton and the WF of production (Mm3/yr) of wheat, barley, rice, and maize in Iraq. The second goal is estimating the quantities of the 4 main cereal crops imported into Iraq and assessing the impact on reducing WF and land savings for 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that the WF per ton was 1736, 1769, 3694, 2238 m3/ton and the WF of production was 5271, 1475, 997, 820 Mm3/yr for wheat, barley, rice, and maize, respectively. The median total VW imported was 4408 Mm3/yr, the largest volume was 3478 Mm3/yr from wheat, and Iraq saved about 2676 Mm3 of irrigated water and 1,239,539 M ha of land by importing crops every year during 2007–2016. The study revealed the significance of better irrigation management methods to decrease the WF through a selection of crops that need less water and cultivation in rain-fed areas, as well as the use of cereal import to conserve scarce water resources, which is crucial both in terms of water resource management and preservation of the environment. The results of this research could be used as a guideline for better water management practices in Iraq and can provide helpful data for both stakeholders and policymakers.

scholarly journals Modelling Small-Scale Storage Interventions in Semi-Arid India at the Basin Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6129
Author(s):  
Robyn Horan ◽  
Pawan S. Wable ◽  
Veena Srinivasan ◽  
Helen E. Baron ◽  
Virginie J. D. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
Semi Arid

There has been renewed interest in the performance, functionality, and sustainability of traditional small-scale storage interventions (check dams, farm bunds and tanks) used within semi-arid regions for the improvement of local water security and landscape preservation. The Central Groundwater Board of India is encouraging the construction of such interventions for the alleviation of water scarcity and to improve groundwater recharge. It is important for water resource management to understand the hydrological effect of these interventions at the basin scale. The quantification of small-scale interventions in hydrological modelling is often neglected, especially in large-scale modelling activities, as data availability is low and their hydrological functioning is uncertain. A version of the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) water resources model was developed to assess the impact of interventions on the water balance of the Cauvery Basin and two smaller sub-catchments. Model results demonstrate that farm bunds appear to have a negligible effect on the average annual simulated streamflow at the outlets of the two sub-catchments and the basin, whereas tanks and check dams have a more significant and time varying effect. The open water surface of the interventions contributed to an increase in evaporation losses across the catchment. The change in simulated groundwater storage with the inclusion of interventions was not as significant as catchment-scale literature and field studies suggest. The model adaption used in this study provides a step-change in the conceptualisation and quantification of the consequences of small-scale storage interventions in large- or basin-scale hydrological models.

scholarly journals Water Resource Management: Moving from Single Risk-Based Management to Resilience to Multiple Stressors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8609
Author(s):  
Sarah Bunney ◽  
Elizabeth Lawson ◽  
Sarah Cotterill ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Water resource management in the UK is multifaceted, with a complexity of issues arising from acute and chronic stressors. Below average rainfall in spring 2020 coincided with large-scale changes to domestic water consumption patterns, arising from the first UK-wide COVID-19 lockdown, resulting in increased pressure on nationwide resources. A sector wide survey, semi-structured interviews with sector executives, meteorological data, water resource management plans and market information were used to evaluate the impact of acute and chronic threats on water demand in the UK, and how resilience to both can be increased. The COVID-19 pandemic was a particularly acute threat: water demand increased across the country, it was unpredictable and hard to forecast, and compounding this, below average rainfall resulted in some areas having to tanker in water to ‘top up’ the network. This occurred in regions of the UK that are ‘water stressed’ as well as those that are not. We therefore propose a need to look beyond ‘design droughts’ and ‘dry weather average demand’ to characterise the management and resilience of future water resources. As a sector, we can learn from this acute threat and administer a more integrated approach, combining action on the social value of water, the implementation of water trading and the development of nationwide multi-sectoral resilience plans to better respond to short and long-term disruptors.

scholarly journals Organizational changes in the activity of enterprises in the context of urgent crisis management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
O. Kuzmin ◽  
◽  
O. Yurynets ◽  
I. Prokopenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
The Impact

Eliminating or reducing the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the economic condition of an enterprise and ensuring its further effective development is closely related to the concept of organizational changes. On the one hand, urgent crisis management tools almost always cause such changes. On the other hand, crisis phenomena in the activities of a business entity lead to the need to introduce organizational changes. In this context, it is noted that it is important to diagnose such changes even before their practical implementation begins. This problem is especially relevant when it is necessary to introduce so-called large-scale changes in the context of crisis management. Any mistakes at the beginning most likely will lead to failure to achieve the set goals and to problems in the practical implementation of these changes. Consequently, based on the results of the conducted research, organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of crisis management at the beginning are proposed to be diagnosed taking into account four areas that correspond to the PAEI-model of Adizes, well known in the theory and practice. At the same time, it provides for determining the market orientation of organizational changes (proactive nature of organizational changes); the social orientation of organizational changes (integrative nature of organizational changes); the impact of organizational changes on the enterprise administration system (complementary nature of organizational changes); the impact of organizational changes on the operating environment of the enterprise (functional nature of organizational changes). The article offers a method for diagnosing organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the conditions of crisis management, based on the method of hierarchy analysis (Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP) and provides for the implementation of such key stages: the formation of an expert group; determining the level of a hierarchical model for diagnosing organizational changes in the conditions of anti-crisis management; studying the essence and characteristics of the proposed organizational changes, so that then diagnose them taking into account the directions of proactive, integrative, functional and complementary nature, using matrices of pairwise comparisons; determining eigenvectors, as well as establishing their normalized values, applying the known geometric mean of the matrix lines; determining the consistency of expert opinions; forming conclusions and recommendations. The possibility of practical use of the proposed method of diagnosing organizational changes in the activities of enterprises in the context of crisis management is confirmed by relevant calculations on the example of several business entities in the Lviv region.

DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оlena Smihunova ◽  
◽  
Оlena Dudnyk ◽  
Sofiia Minenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the modern realities of innovative development of agribusiness enterprises in Ukraine and substantiates the need for its further intensification and the need for thorough research. The theoretical basis of innovative activity of enterprises is considered with detailing on subjects of agrarian business and characteristic features of such activity for the specified subjects of managing that is caused by features of agriculture where the main factor of manufacture is the earth. The flowing factors and factors that caused technological and technical degradation against the background of weak investment attractiveness, reduction of innovation activity are determined. The rating of the most successful agricultural enterprises of Ukraine by the level of innovation implementation and costs for innovation activity is presented. The article presents a scheme of key determinants of the impact on innovation activity of enterprises in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy. The authors give directions of innovative development of agro-industrial production of Ukraine with the separation of four groups of innovations: technical- technological, organizational-economic, social-managerial and informational with detailed examples of directions of innovations for each of the groups. The general algorithm of the process of risk management, which determines the current level of investment and innovation activity of agricultural enterprises, based on the systematization of the main stages of detection and evaluation. Activation of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises is one of the main prerequisites for stability and sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, as it allows not only to change the nature of production activities, but also to fill it with new meaning and practical content. The practice of innovation, on the one hand, shows that there are still many obstacles in their way, which significantly hinder innovation development in the country; on the other hand, that innovative development is becoming, and in some places has already established itself as strategic for the development of industries and regions. However, these steps require specific content, from the organization of training to the practical implementation of large-scale innovative projects and programs.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Optimization Measures on Sustainable Water Resource Management in the Guanzhong Area, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Tang ◽  
Ruichen Mao ◽  
Jinxi Song ◽  
Haotian Sun ◽  
Feihe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Limited water resources and rapid socioeconomic development pose new challenges to watershed water resource management. By integrating the perspectives of stakeholders and decision-makers, this study aims to identify cases and approaches to achieve sustainable water resources management. It improves and expands the experience of previous project research. The comparative evaluation provides an analytical basis to verify the importance of stakeholder participation in water policy interactions. The results show that if an effective demand management policy is not implemented, the Guanzhong area will not meet water demand in the future. Through the combination of water-saving policies, water transfer projects and other measures, the available water resources will continue into the future. Optimizing management measures, improving the ecological environment, and encouraging stakeholder participation will help change this situation, although supply-side limitations and future uncertainties likely cause unsustainable water. Therefore, decision-makers should pay attention to the application potential of water-saving and other measures to reduce dependence on external water sources. In addition, the three sustainable development decision-making principles identified in this paper can promote the fairness and stability of water policy.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz S. Freudenberg ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Ken Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.

HOME VISITS DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF DELIVERY FOR RECENTLY DELIVERED WOMEN IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Dr. Umakant Prusty ◽  
Dr. Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Mohini Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The current article of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is about the ASHAs who are the daughters-in-law of a family that resides in the same community that they serve as the grassroots health worker since 2005 when the NRHM was introduced in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. UP is one such Empowered Action Group (EAG) state. The current study explores the actual responses of Recently Delivered Women (RDW) on their visits during the first month of their recent delivery. From the catchment area of each of the 250 ASHAs, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months during the survey. The response profiles of the RDWs on the post- delivery first month visits are dwelled upon to evolve a picture representing the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as detailed data on the modalities of postnatal visits are available but not exclusively for the first month period of their recent delivery. The details of the post-delivery first month period related visits are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The current study gives an insight in to these visits with a five-point approach i.e. type of personnel doing the visit, frequency of the visits, visits done in a particular week from among those four weeks separately for the three visits separately. The current study is basically regarding the summary of this Penta approach for the post- delivery one-month period.     The first month period after each delivery deals with 70% of the time of the postnatal period & the entire neonatal period. Therefore, it does impact the Maternal Mortality Rate & Ratio (MMR) & the Neonatal Mortality Rates (NMR) in India and especially in UP through the unsafe Maternal & Neonatal practices in the first month period after delivery. The current MM Rate of UP is 20.1 & MM Ratio is 216 whereas the MM ratio is 122 in India (SRS, 2019). The Sample Registration System (SRS) report also mentions that the Life Time Risk (LTR) of a woman in pregnancy is 0.7% which is the highest in the nation (SRS, 2019). This means it is very risky to give birth in UP in comparison to other regions in the country (SRS, 2019). This risk is at the peak in the first month period after each delivery. Similarly, the current NMR in India is 23 per 1000 livebirths (UNIGME,2018). As NMR data is not available separately for states, the national level data also hold good for the states and that’s how for the state of UP as well. These mortalities are the impact indicators and such indicators can be reduced through long drawn processes that includes effective and timely visits to RDWs especially in the first month period after delivery. This would help in making their post-natal & neonatal stage safe. This is the area of post-delivery first month visit profile detailing that the current article helps in popping out in relation to the recent delivery of the respondents.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions.  The current article deals with five close ended questions with options, two for the type of personnel & frequency while the other three are for each of the three visits in the first month after the recent delivery of respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study.   Among the districts related to this article, the results showed that ASHA was the type of personnel who did the majority of visits in all the four districts. On the other hand, 25-40% of RDWs in all the 4 districts replied that they did not receive any visit within the first month of their recent delivery. Regarding frequency, most of the RDWs in all the 4 districts received 1-2 times visits by ASHAs.   Regarding the first visit, it was found that the ASHAs of Barabanki and Gonda visited less percentage of RDWs in the first week after delivery. Similarly, the second visit revealed that about 1.2% RDWs in Banda district could not recall about the visit. Further on the second visit, the RDWs responded that most of them in 3 districts except Gonda district did receive the second postnatal visit in 7-15 days after their recent delivery. Less than half of RDWs in Barabanki district & just more than half of RDWs in Gonda district received the third visit in 15-21 days period after delivery. For the same period, the majority of RDWs in the rest two districts responded that they had been entertained through a home visit.

The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Piotr Bartkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Quantitative Easing ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

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