scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization, Container Type, and Irrigation Frequency Affect Mineral Nutrient Uptake of Hydrangea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Xiaojie Zhao ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Carolyn Scagel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Container Type

Mineral nutrient uptake of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ affected by nitrogen (N) fertilization rate, container type, and irrigation frequency was investigated. Rooted liners of hydrangea plants were fertilized twice weekly with a N-free fertilizer plus five N rates including 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM N from ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), irrigated once or twice daily with the same total irrigation volume, and grown in two types of one-gallon containers: a black plastic container and a biodegradable container (biocontainer), made from recycled paper. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) averaged in the entire plant, and iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in roots had increasing trends with increasing N rate. By comparison, increasing N rate had a dilution effect on root phosphorus (P), stem and root potassium (K), stem Ca and Mg, and leaf boron (B) concentrations. In general, nutrient content of each tested element increased with increasing N rate in each structure, or total in the plant. When there was a significant container type effect, plastic containers consistently had increased nutrient concentrations and content compared to biocontainers. One irrigation per day was beneficial in increasing nutrient concentrations of P, Ca, and zinc (Zn) in different plant structures.

scholarly journals Mineral Nutrient Uptake of Encore Azalea ‘Chiffon’ Affected by Nitrogen, Container, and Irrigation Frequency

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2240-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Eugene K. Blythe
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
N Rates

Mineral nutrient uptake of Encore® azalea ‘Chiffon’ (Rhododendron sp.) affected by nitrogen (N) rate, container type, and irrigation frequency was investigated. One-year-old azalea plants were planted in two types of 1-gallon containers: a black plastic container or a biodegradable container (also referred to as a biocontainer) made from recycled paper. Azalea plants were fertilized with 250 mL of N-free fertilizer twice weekly plus N rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm from ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). All plants were irrigated daily with the same amount of water through one or two irrigations. Plants fertilized without N had the lowest concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) averaged in the entire plant, which were at deficient levels for azalea species. High N rates of 15 or 20 mm resulted in the highest plant average concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg. Concentrations of micronutrients including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) showed varied trends affected by different treatments. With high N rates of 15 and 20 mm, paper biocontainers increased uptake of both macro- and micronutrients in terms of total nutrient content (mg or μg per plant) compared with plastic containers. One irrigation per day increased root concentrations of Cu and Zn and root contents of Fe, Zn, Cu, and B, but decreased leaf K concentration compared with two irrigations per day. The beneficial effects of high N rates and biocontainers on mineral nutrient uptake of Encore® azalea ‘Chiffon’ likely indirectly occurred through increasing plant growth.

Fertiliser use efficiency by containerised nursery plants. 3. Effect of heavy leaching and damaged fertiliser prills on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and nutrient loss

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
S. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaching Loss ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Nutrient leaching loss, plant growth, and nutrient uptake of 4-week (transplanting to sale) ground-cover species were investigated under a range of leaching conditions and with different sources of a controlled- release fertiliser (CRF), Osmocote NPK (3–4 month) (Osm). Osm was applied pre-planting at a rate equivalent to 800 g N/m3 to pots containing sand, and composted pinebark and hardwood sawdust medium that had received nutrient amendment during formulation. Two experiments were conducted in a glasshouse over summer–autumn where irrigation treatments produced defined leachate volumes. In Expt 1, leachate volumes of <5, 50, and 200 mL every 2 days each received an additional single heavy leaching event of 400 mL after 1, 2, or 3 weeks. In Expt 2, the 3 leachate volumes were each fertilised with new Osm (a newly purchased Osm) or old Osm (a 2-year-old source), where both of these sources contained 0.5–1.5% visibly damaged prills; and damaged Osm, where damaged prills were used exclusively. In both experiments, increasing leachate volume increased (P < 0.001) leaching of N (nitrate + ammonium), P, K, Ca, and Mg. In Expt 1, leaching was highest (P < 0.01) when the heavy leaching event occurred after 2 or 3 weeks for N and after 2 weeks for P. When damaged Osm was used, N, P, and K loss was 3–15 times higher (P < 0.001) than from new and old Osm (98.5–99.5% undamaged). The highest leaching loss of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg occurred in the first week after potting up, with damaged prills at highest leaching volume. Increasing leachate volume (in the presence of a heavy leaching event) reduced (P < 0.001) electrical conductivity (EC) of potting medium after 4 weeks from 1.02 to 0.54 dS/m. Damaged prills reduced (P < 0.001) EC at the high leachate volume in relation to new Osm (2.38 v. 0.29 dS/m). Treatments that increased (P < 0.05) nutrient leaching generally reduced (P < 0.05) nutrient concentrations in shoots and depressed the growth of some plant species. Shoot growth of 2 of 5 species was reduced (P < 0.001) at the highest leachate volume with an additional heavy leaching event in Week 1 or 2, and root growth of all but the slowest growing species declined with increasing leachate volume. Damaged prills reduced (P < 0.001) shoot growth of 2 of the 5 ground-cover species. This study demonstrated that excessive leaching and the use of damaged prills for containerised nursery plants fertilised with CRF results in high nutrient loss, low residual nutrient content, reduced nutrient uptake in shoots, and reduced shoot growth of some species.

scholarly journals Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Temperature Control on Plant Growth, Yield, and Mineral Content of Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Makgose Maboko ◽  
Isa Bertling ◽  
Christian Phillipus Du Plooy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Mycorrhizal inoculation improves nutrient uptake in a range of host plants. Insufficient nutrient uptake by plants grown hydroponically is of major environmental and economic concern. Tomato seedlings, therefore, were treated with a mycorrhizal inoculant (Mycoroot™) at transplanting to potentially enhance nutrient uptake by the plant. Then seedlings were transferred to either a temperature-controlled (TC) or a non-temperature-controlled (NTC) tunnel and maintained using the recommended (100%) or a reduced (75% and 50%) nutrient concentration. Plants grown in the NTC tunnel had significantly poorer plant growth, lower fruit mineral concentration, and lower yield compared with fruit from plants in the TC tunnel. Leaves from plants in the NTC tunnel had higher microelement concentrations than those in the TC tunnel. Highest yields were obtained from plants fertigated with 75% of the recommended nutrient concentration, and not from the 100% nutrient concentration. Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) neither enhanced plant growth, nor yield, nor fruit mineral nutrient concentrations. However, temperature control positively affected the fruit Mn and Zn concentration in the TC tunnel following AMF application.

scholarly journals Irrigation Frequency Alters Nutrient Uptake in Container-grown Rhododendron Plants Grown with Different Rates of Nitrogen

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn F. Scagel ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Richard P. Regan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Ca Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

The influence of irrigation frequency (same amount of water per day given at different times) on nutrient uptake of container-grown evergreen Rhododendron ‘P.J.M. Compact’ (PJM) and ‘English Roseum’ (ER) and deciduous Rhododendron ‘Gibraltar’ (AZ) grown with different rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer was evaluated. Increased N application rate increased nutrient uptake and plant dry biomass. Irrigation frequency did not significantly influence total plant dry biomass; however, more frequent irrigation decreased net uptake of several nutrients including phosphorus (P), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) uptake in all cultivars; potassium (K), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) uptake in AZ and ER; sulfur (S) uptake in ER and PJM; and iron (Fe) uptake in AZ. Additionally, more frequent irrigation of evergreen cultivars increased calcium (Ca) uptake. Covariate analyses were used to compare nutrient uptake among cultivars and irrigation treatments after accounting for the variability in nutrient uptake attributable to differences in biomass and N uptake. For most nutrients, the influence of irrigation frequency on uptake was partially attributable to differences in biomass and N uptake. After accounting for the variability in nutrient uptake associated with biomass or N uptake, increased irrigation frequency decreased P, S, B, Cu, and Mn uptake only in ER and increased Ca uptake in the two evergreen cultivars. Differences in nutrient uptake among cultivars in response to irrigation treatments were related to water and N availability during production and their combined influence on water stress, nutrient uptake, and biomass partitioning. Estimates of nutrient demand and uptake efficiency using nutrient concentrations and ratios are discussed in relation to nutrient management differences for different cultivars and irrigation treatments.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Soil Micro-Nutrients and the Effects on Herbage Micro-Nutrient Uptake and Yield in Three Different Pasture Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Cathy L. Thomas ◽  
Tegan Darch ◽  
Paul Harris ◽  
Deborah A. Beaumont ◽  
Stephan M. Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
The North ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Pasture micro-nutrient concentrations are often deficient for herbage productivity and the health of livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate soil and herbage micro-nutrient content and the effects on yield on the three pasture systems of the North Wyke Farm Platform (NWFP): high-sugar grass + legume mix minus nitrogen (N) fertilizer (blue/HSG + L); permanent pasture plus N fertilizer (green/P + N); high-sugar grass plus N fertilizer (red/HSG + N). The locations with high soil total micro-nutrient concentrations had a greater slope and higher soil organic matter (SOM) content. Herbage micro-nutrient concentrations were often greater at the locations with high soil total micro-nutrient concentrations. The concentration and uptake of nearly all micro-nutrients was greatest in the herbage of the green/P + N system, which had the highest SOM content, whereas they were often lowest in the red/HSG + N system, which had the lowest SOM and the highest yield, indicating biomass dilution of micro-nutrients in the herbage. At the locations with high soil micro-nutrient concentrations, yield was higher than at locations with low micro-nutrient concentrations, and was equal across the three pasture systems, regardless of fertilizer N treatment. Variation in micro-nutrient uptake/yield in the blue grass–legume system was predominantly explained by the soil molybdenum (Mo) concentration, possibly relating to the requirement for Mo in biological nitrogen fixation. There was, therefore, a trade-off in ploughing and re-seeding for higher yield, with the maintenance of SOM being important for herbage micro-nutrient content.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Rate, Irrigation Frequency, and Container Type Affect Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Encore Azalea ‘Chiffon’

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Geoffrey C. Denny ◽  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
N Content ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Grown Plant ◽  
Container Type

One-year-old liners of Encore® azalea ‘Chiffon’ (Rhododendron sp.) were transplanted in Apr. 2013 into two types of one-gallon containers: black plastic container and paper biodegradable container. Azalea plants were fertilized with 250 mL of nitrogen (N) free fertilizer solution twice weekly plus N rate of 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm from ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). All plants were irrigated with the same total volume of water through one or two irrigations daily. Plant growth and N uptake in response to N fertilization, irrigation frequency, and container type were investigated. The feasibility of biodegradable paper containers was evaluated in 1-year production of Encore® azalea ‘Chiffon’. Paper biocontainers resulted in increased plant growth index (PGI), dry weights (leaf, stem, root, and total plant dry weight), leaf area, and root growth (root length and surface area) compared with plastic containers using N rates from 10 to 20 mm. Biocontainer-grown plant had more than twice of root length and surface area as plastic container–grown plant. Leaf SPAD reading increased with increasing N rate from 0 to 20 mm. One irrigation per day resulted in greater PGI, root dry weight, root length, root surface area, and root N content than two irrigations per day. Higher tissue N concentration was found in plants grown in plastic containers compared with those grown in biocontainers when fertilized with 15 or 20 mm N. However, N content was greater for plants grown in biocontainers, resulting from greater plant dry weight. The combinations of plastic container and one irrigation per day and that of 20 mm N and one irrigation per day resulted in best flower production, 21.9 and 32.2 flowers per plant, respectively. Biocontainers resulted in superior vegetative growth of azalea plant compared with plastic containers with sufficient N supply of 10, 15, and 20 mm.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Southern Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) Grown in the Float System

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Norden ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
David L. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Uniola Paniculata ◽  
Root Area

Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage in July 2004, surface disinfested with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min, and sown in styrofoam tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) float trays (flats) filled with a vermiculite-based hydroponic substrate. Trays were floated in plastic tubs (one tray per tub) containing a complete nutrient solution with nitrogen (N) at 10, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg·L−1 (ppm) from a 2N–3.5P–1K ratio (8N–32P2O5–5K2O) liquid slow-release fertilizer. After 10 weeks the study was terminated and data recorded. Total plant, top, leaf, stem, and root dry weights increased quadratically with increasing nitrogen application rate (NAR) with maximum dry weights calculated to occur with N at 140 to 150 mg-L−1, respectively. Other growth indexes of leaf area, root length, root area, plant height, crown growth index, tiller number, and leaf number also increased quadratically with increasing NAR similar to dry weight data. Leaf area, root length, and root area were maximized with N at 157, 140, and 140 mg-L−1, respectively. Root to top ratio and specific leaf area were both unaffected by NAR. Leaf mineral nutrient concentrations of N and phosphorus responded quadratically with increasing NAR whereas, foliar mineral nutrient concentrations of potassium, calcium, sulfur, sodium (Na), manganese, zinc, and copper responded linearly to increasing NARs. With the exception of Na and iron, foliar nutrient content for all analyzed nutrients increased quadratically with increasing NAR. Calculated leaf N concentration at maximum top dry weight was 31 mg·g−1. Southern seaoats can be grown successfully using the float system with optimum N rates of 140 to 150 mg·L−1 provided by a fertilizer having a 2N–3.5P–1K ratio.

scholarly journals Response of Forsythia × itermedia `Spectabilis' to Uniconazol. I. Growth; Dry-matter Distribution; and Mineral Nutrient Content, Concentration, and Partitioning

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates

Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray at 0, 90, 130, 170, or 210 mg·liter-1 to rooted stem cuttings of `Spectabilis' forsythia (Forsythia ×intermedia Zab.) potted in calcined clay. Plants were harvested 0, 40, 80, 120, and 369 days after treatment (DAT). Treatment with uniconazole at 90 to 210 mg·liter suppressed leaf area and dry weight an average of 16% and 18%, respectively, compared to the nontreated controls when averaged over all harvest periods. Stem and root dry weight suppression was greatest at 80 DAT, 47% and 37%, respectively. Uniconazole suppressed root length from 15% to 36% and root area from 15% to 33% depending on harvest date. Internode length and stem diameter of uniconazole-treated plants were suppressed at all harvests except 369 DAT. Uniconazole resulted in increased and decreased root: shoot ratios 40 and 80 DAT, respectively; while root: shoot ratios were not affected for the remainder of the study. Relative growth rates of leaves, stems, and roots decreased with increasing uniconazole concentration; however, no relative growth rates were suppressed beyond 80 DAT. Generally, mineral nutrient concentrations increased as a result of uniconazole application. The proportion of mineral nutrients allocated to leaves and roots was not affected while the proportion of nutrients allocated to stems decreased with uniconazole application compared to the controls. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3-ol (uniconazole).

Mineral nutrient concentrations as a function of seed size within seed crops: implications for competition among seedlings and defence against herbivory

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. GRUBB ◽  
DAVID F. R. P. BURSLEM
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Seed Crops

The intra-crop variation in the concentrations of major nutrients in the embryo-cum-endosperm (EE) fraction of seeds of 12 tree species of SE Asian lowland rain forest was investigated. Increased seed size was associated with a significant decrease in the EE concentration of N in 10 species, P and K in seven, Mg in six, and Ca in four. In contrast, the EE nutrient content increased with seed size, typically by about 1.6-fold where seed mass was 2-fold greater. In three species the allocation to protective tissues decreased with increased seed size. The results are potentially relevant to competition among young seedlings, optimal foraging by predators, allocation to defence by plants, and understanding the controls on filling of seeds.

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